Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000800
Neda Alizadeh, Fatemeh Dehbashi, Emad Gholami, Paria Tarahomi, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Abbas Ali Vafaei, Payman Raise-Abdullahi
{"title":"Stress and glucocorticoids impair inhibitory avoidance memory retrieval and extinction in male mice: the ameliorative effect of Ginkgo biloba extract.","authors":"Neda Alizadeh, Fatemeh Dehbashi, Emad Gholami, Paria Tarahomi, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Abbas Ali Vafaei, Payman Raise-Abdullahi","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000800","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory retrieval involves recalling previously consolidated information, while memory extinction refers to the gradual weakening of such memories after recall. Stress and glucocorticoids influence the retrieval and extinction of memory. This study employed a passive avoidance task to examine the impact of acute mild stress and equivalent doses of exogenous corticosterone on fear memory retrieval and extinction in male mice. Subsequently, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, on memory impairments induced by stress and corticosterone. Corticosterone was administered systemically 30 min before memory reactivation to model glucocorticoid activity during retrieval. Mild acute stress, like the stress levels typically experienced before an exam, was induced through 20-min restraint immediately before reactivation in separate groups. EGb 761 was injected 30 min before corticosterone or stress exposure. Results demonstrated that both corticosterone and acute stress impaired context-specific fear memory retrieval and enhanced subsequent extinction. Pretreatment with EGb 761 inhibited these impairing effects of acute stress and corticosterone on avoidance memory retrieval and extinction. Our findings suggest that the glucocorticoid system and acute stress markedly influence avoidance memory retrieval and extinction. Ginkgo biloba may possess therapeutic and memory-enhancing effects, particularly in stressful situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000799
Elena Castejón, Emilio Ambrosio, Ricardo Pellón, Carmen Torres
{"title":"Alcohol consumption and preference in female rats induced by reward downshift reveals sex generality of the modulatory role of physical activity.","authors":"Elena Castejón, Emilio Ambrosio, Ricardo Pellón, Carmen Torres","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000799","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased voluntary consumption of alcohol has been demonstrated in male rats exposed to frustrative reward downshift (the emotional self-medication effect). Access to a wheel for voluntary running abolished this effect in male rats, suggesting an attenuating effect of physical exercise on the negative affect induced by reward downshift and its consequences on drug intake. The present study analyzed this effect in female rats. Sixty-four food-deprived female Wistar rats received 32% sucrose [4% (Experiment 1) or 2% (Experiment 2) in controls] during 10, 5-min preshift sessions followed by 4% (Experiment 1) or 2% (Experiment 2) sucrose during 5 postshift sessions. Immediately after each consummatory session, animals were exposed to a 2-h, two-bottle preference test involving 32% alcohol vs. water. Half of the animals also had access to a running wheel during the preference test. The results showed (a) lower sucrose consumption in the downshifted groups (32-4% and 32-2%) compared to the unshifted controls (4-4% and 2-2%, respectively); (b) higher alcohol preference in downshifted groups without access to a wheel compared with downshifted groups with access to the wheel (Experiments 1 and 2); and (c) increased alcohol intake (g/kg) after experiencing reward downshift in animals without access to the wheel (Experiment 1). Voluntary wheel running thus reduced alcohol intake in female rats experiencing reward downshift. These findings are comparable to previous results reported in male rats and support the usefulness of physical exercise to prevent alcohol self-medication induced by frustrative nonreward.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"144-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000801
Bo Pang, Ting Cao
{"title":"Hesperidin produces antidepressant effects by activating AMPA receptor: enhancing synaptic proteins to promote hippocampal neuronal activities.","authors":"Bo Pang, Ting Cao","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000801","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hesperidin treatments reduce depressive symptoms in mouse models of depression, but the mechanism that mediates its antidepressant effects is unclear. This study shows that hesperidin exerts its antidepressant effects by activating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor to promote synaptic and neuronal function in the hippocampus. The optimal dose of hesperidin (10 mg/kg) for the antidepressant potential was determined after 7 consecutive days of treatments, demonstrating decreased latency to eat and increased food consumption in novelty suppressed feeding, and decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the optimal dose also reversed the depressive phenotypes of Institute of Cancer Research mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), including reduced immobility time in the TST and increased sucrose preference in the sucrose preference test. In addition, hesperidin increased the expression of AMPA receptor protein (Glur1) and synaptic proteins (BDNF, PSD95, synapsin1) in the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed mice. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPA receptor activity by NBQX blocked the effect of hesperidin in reversing the depressive phenotypes, upregulated the expression of synaptic proteins (BDNF, PSD95, synapsin1) and cFOS-positive cells in the hippocampus, and increased the number of Ki67-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed mice. These results help to further understand the antidepressant mechanism of hesperidin and provide new ideas for the future development of antidepressant drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000818
Priya Mullassaril, Lucy Brodkin, Jesse Brodkin
{"title":"Monlunabant suppresses appetite through a central mechanism.","authors":"Priya Mullassaril, Lucy Brodkin, Jesse Brodkin","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000818","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine whether the second-generation cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB 1 ) antagonist, monlunabant - designed to treat obesity by targeting peripheral receptors - might actually exert its effects through CB 1 receptors in the central nervous system. In adult male mice, both monlunabant and rimonabant reduced appetite and antagonized CB 1 agonist-induced hypothermia. Monlunabant was consistently less potent than rimonabant in both appetite suppression and blocking hypothermia. The cannabinoid agonist HU-210 produced profound hypothermia, which was significantly attenuated by 10 mg/kg of either drug and by 3 mg/kg of rimonabant. Similarly, both drugs reduced appetite in food-deprived mice with limited access to preferred food at the same doses that were effective in the hypothermia assay. Lower doses of monlunabant, which likely saturated peripheral receptors, had no effect on appetite. These findings suggest that monlunabant suppresses appetite mainly through antagonism of central CB 1 receptors. Consequently, monlunabant and other second-generation CB 1 antagonists being developed for obesity may carry a similar risk of adverse psychiatric effects, as previously observed with rimonabant.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000802
Daaniyal D Munir, Ritu A Shetty, Michael B Gatch, Nathalie Sumien, Rebecca D Hill, Jeanne A Priddy, Michael J Forster
{"title":"Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of NBOH hallucinogens in rodents.","authors":"Daaniyal D Munir, Ritu A Shetty, Michael B Gatch, Nathalie Sumien, Rebecca D Hill, Jeanne A Priddy, Michael J Forster","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000802","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the efforts of the Drug Enforcement Administration to safeguard the public from hazardous analogs of synthetic hallucinogens, these compounds have increasingly been observed in the illicit drug market. Four novel compounds were found to be similar in structure to the previously described 25X-NBOMe synthetic hallucinogens. These four compounds, 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, 25E-NBOH, and 25I-NBOH were evaluated for their ability to modify spontaneous locomotor activity in mice to obtain dose range and time-course information and were then tested for discriminative stimulus effects similar to the prototypical hallucinogen (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). All four test compounds decreased locomotor activity. The locomotor depressant effects were similar in magnitude and potency to DOM, but less potent than the 25X-NBOMe compounds in previous reports. 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH fully substituted (≥80%) in DOM-trained rats, whereas 25I-NBOH failed to fully substitute for DOM even at doses that suppressed responding. The discriminative stimulus effects were more potent than those of DOM and the 25X-NBOMe compounds. These findings suggest that three of the four test compounds are most likely to be used as recreational hallucinogens in a similar manner to DOM and the 25X-NBOMe compounds, whereas 25I-NBOH may be less liable to illicit use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000814
Ryan Taylor, Eric Denette, Ellie Walter-Goodspeed, Tom Byrne
{"title":"The effects of xylazine on locomotion and motor behaviour in a planarian model.","authors":"Ryan Taylor, Eric Denette, Ellie Walter-Goodspeed, Tom Byrne","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000814","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the recreational use of xylazine has increased dramatically in the USA. Although xylazine has been used as an anesthetic in veterinary medicine for decades, little is known about its behavioral effects. We took advantage of the planarian's innate negative phototaxis, the reliable movement from the light side to the dark side of a Petri dish, to explore the organism's suitability as an animal model for investigating the preclinical pharmacology of xylazine. In two experiments, we tested the effects of several doses of xylazine on locomotion by recording the latency to transition into an opaque area. Xylazine disrupted locomotion in a dose-dependent fashion. Larger doses first produced a period of hyperkinesia without forward motion. This was followed by a period of sedation. Physical stimulation disrupted sedation and evoked the resumption of locomotion. Data on the behavioral effects of xylazine outside of anesthesia and sedation are limited; therefore, the current study adds to a relatively small literature on the behavioral effects of xylazine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000815
Rodrigo Sosa, Pedro Espinosa-Villafranca, Pablo Saavedra, María Elena Chávez-Hernández, Perla Leal-Galicia, Gustavo Lago, Florencia Mata, Jesús Mata-Luévanos, Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano, Alejandro Tapia-De-Jesús, Mario Buenrostro-Jáuregui
{"title":"Assessing acute effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on inhibitory capacity, time estimation, attentional lapses, and compulsive-like behavior in rats.","authors":"Rodrigo Sosa, Pedro Espinosa-Villafranca, Pablo Saavedra, María Elena Chávez-Hernández, Perla Leal-Galicia, Gustavo Lago, Florencia Mata, Jesús Mata-Luévanos, Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Serrano, Alejandro Tapia-De-Jesús, Mario Buenrostro-Jáuregui","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000815","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medications known as 'cognitive enhancers' are increasingly being consumed off-label by healthy people, raising concerns about their safety. The aim of our study was to profile behavioral performance upon oral administration of methylphenidate (2.5 mg/kg) and modafinil (64 mg/kg) - two popular cognitive enhancers - and upon their discontinuation. We modeled cognitively demanding challenges in neurotypical individuals using a behavioral task where Wistar - Lewis rats had to withhold responses for a specified time to obtain food rewards. This task allowed us to extract several measures of behavioral performance associated with clinically meaningful indices, such as compulsive-like responding, incapacity to wait (impulsivity), time estimation (precision and accuracy), and attentional lapses. Our study design involved examining these behavioral indices in subjects administered either methylphenidate, modafinil, or vehicle. We found that subjects administered modafinil obtained fewer rewards and were less efficient in reward pursuing than the vehicle group; this result was likely due to a drug-induced inability to wait. Upon modafinil discontinuation, subjects earned more rewards but did not entirely catch up with the vehicle group. As for methylphenidate, neither favorable nor unfavorable effects were found in our main analyses. However, an exploratory analysis of changes in behavioral performance within sessions suggested that methylphenidate fostered favorable, yet short-lived, effects. We discuss our results in terms of the risks and cost-benefits of doses above or below the effective dose of cognitive enhancement drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"76-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theobromine synergizes with nicotine to enhance animal motor abilities and cognitive function.","authors":"Wenjuan Zhang, Xiao Yang, Baojiang He, Aimin He, Jiehui Li, Xiaojing Zhang, Yanfang Zhang","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The societal consensus on the need for smoking cessation is well-established, yet the number of tobacco users continues to rise. This trend is largely driven by the potent physiological effects of nicotine, which significantly increase the likelihood of tobacco use initiation. Certain compounds found in everyday foods, such as theobromine and caffeine in cocoa products, also exhibit psychostimulatory properties. However, comprehensive studies on the effects of consuming these compounds in the context of tobacco use are limited. This study investigates the role of theobromine, a primary active component in cocoa, in modulating the positive physiological effects of nicotine and explores the underlying mechanisms. Our findings reveal that while low doses of theobromine do not alter nicotine's addictive properties, they amplify its positive physiological effects. Notably, theobromine's impact on nicotine varies significantly between the hippocampus and cerebellum, highlighting region-specific interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allyson Gill, Madison Gill, Rahul Mittal, Khemraj Hirani, Ajay Sharma
{"title":"Leptin-dopamine interactions: unveiling the common link between type-2 diabetes and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.","authors":"Allyson Gill, Madison Gill, Rahul Mittal, Khemraj Hirani, Ajay Sharma","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical evidence highlights the central nervous system as a key target in type-2 diabetes-related complications, yet the mechanisms underlying the increased prevalence of mood disorder issues, mainly depression, in patients with diabetes remain poorly understood. Leptin, an adiposity hormone known for its role in energy homeostasis, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose levels in diabetic populations. Beyond its metabolic effects, leptin also has the potential to mitigate psychiatric complications such as depression and anxiety. Notably, leptin receptors are predominantly expressed on dopamine (DA) neurons in the brain, hinting that leptin may orchestrate DA activity by serving as its endogenous modulator. This review examines the role of leptin as a potential common link between type-2 diabetes and mood disorders, particularly through its effects on DA function. This article proposes defective leptin signaling as a vital mechanism contributing to psychiatric complications and compromised DA functions in type-2 diabetes, highlighting leptin as a promising therapeutic target for addressing metabolic and psychiatric comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavioural PharmacologyPub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000808
Cailin van Staden, David Weinshenker, Karin Finger-Baier, Tarryn L Botha, Linda Brand, De Wet Wolmarans
{"title":"Posttraumatic anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish is dose-dependently attenuated by the alpha-2A receptor agonist, guanfacine.","authors":"Cailin van Staden, David Weinshenker, Karin Finger-Baier, Tarryn L Botha, Linda Brand, De Wet Wolmarans","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000808","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic stress exposure increases noradrenaline (NA) release, which contributes to anxiety and impaired risk-appraisal. Guanfacine, a selective alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist, has been used to treat stress-related disorders characterised by impaired prefrontal cortex function. By acting on both presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptors and postsynaptic heteroreceptors, guanfacine attenuates stress reactivity and enhances cognition. However, its effectiveness in treating trauma-related anxiety and risk-taking behaviour remains unclear. Leveraging the advantages of zebrafish (Danio rerio ) as a sensitive and efficient preclinical model which is ideal for stress research, we explored the impact of traumatic stress exposure combined with varying concentrations of guanfacine in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish were evaluated for trauma-related anxiety using both the novel tank test (NTT) and a novel version of the open-field test (nOFT), the latter which was also used to investigate risk-taking behaviour. We found that (1) traumatic stress exposure led to heightened risk-taking behaviour in the nOFT, and (2) low-to-moderate concentrations of guanfacine (3-20 µg/L) attenuated anxiety-like, but not risk-taking behaviour, with the highest concentration (40 µg/L), showing no effect. These results highlight the complex role of NA in modulating dysregulated behaviours during traumatic events and indicate the potential of guanfacine for improving trauma-related anxiety and risk-taking behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}