Behavioural Pharmacology最新文献_第2页

Cocaine and d-amphetamine self-administration under a differential reinforcement of low rates schedule of reinforcement in rats. 古柯碱与d-安非他明自我给药在低速率强化计划下的差异。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000869

Rachel E Busselman, Kendall Kellerman, Morgan Hamersky, Dustin J Stairs

{"title":"Cocaine and d-amphetamine self-administration under a differential reinforcement of low rates schedule of reinforcement in rats.","authors":"Rachel E Busselman, Kendall Kellerman, Morgan Hamersky, Dustin J Stairs","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000869","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000869","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulant misuse is strongly associated with behavioral impulsivity, including impairments in behavioral inhibition, yet few studies have examined drug self-administration in ways that directly assess inhibitory control. This study aimed to discover if intravenous (IV) self-administration of cocaine and d-amphetamine could be established using a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) schedule in rats and whether stimulant intake altered behavioral inhibition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to lever press under DRL schedules with food reinforcement, then transitioned to IV cocaine (0.3 mg/kg/infusion) or d-amphetamine (0.06 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration sessions. Following the acquisition, full dose-effect curves were established with cocaine (DRL > 10 s) and d-amphetamine (DRL > 7 s), resulting in inverted- U -shaped curves for both active lever presses and infusions earned. The most active lever presses occurred at the second-highest dose for cocaine (0.3 mg/kg/infusion) and d-amphetamine (0.02 mg/kg/infusion). Analysis of cumulative probabilities of interresponse times (IRTs) revealed drug-specific effects on behavioral inhibition. At peak cocaine intake (0.1 mg/kg/infusion), approximately 65% of lever presses occurred before the DRL 10 s requirement, indicating a failure to inhibit responses. In contrast, at the highest (0.06 mg/kg/infusion) and lowest (0.006 mg/kg/infusion) doses of d-amphetamine self-administration, we observed increased long IRTs beyond the 300 s limited hold contingency, similar to saline. These findings demonstrate rats will self-administer stimulants under a DRL schedule, and cocaine and d-amphetamine differentially disrupt behavioral inhibition. This approach provides novel insight into the complex relationships between stimulant use and behavioral control and provides a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms of behavioral inhibition.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145713086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila block NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation to promote cognitive recovery in aged mice under sevoflurane anesthesia. 嗜粘阿克曼氏菌胞外囊泡阻断含NACHT、LRR和PYD结构域的蛋白3炎性体激活，促进七氟醚麻醉下老年小鼠的认知恢复。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000864

Shili Zhang, Xiaomei Chen, Pu Tao, Hong Liu, Liang Tu

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles from Akkermansia muciniphila block NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation to promote cognitive recovery in aged mice under sevoflurane anesthesia.","authors":"Shili Zhang, Xiaomei Chen, Pu Tao, Hong Liu, Liang Tu","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000864","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000864","url":null,"abstract":"The gut-brain axis plays a significant role in maintaining cognitive health. Akkermansia muciniphila -derived extracellular vesicles (Akk.m-EVs) improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, but their role in elderly POCD is unclear. Therefore, this study investigates whether Akk.m-EVs affect POCD in elderly patients by mediating intestinal barrier dysfunction. Akk.m-EVs were obtained via ultracentrifugation. Sevoflurane (sevo; 3%) was used to induce POCD in mouse models. The cognitive function of mice was assessed by novel objective recognition and Morris water maze tests. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampal tissues were detected by ELISA. The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation was analyzed by, while tight junction proteins were detected by immunofluorescence western blot. Akk.m-EVs elevated exploration time, percentage of time spent exploring, identification index for novel objects, decreased escape latency, and enhanced the frequency of crossing the initial platform in sevo-induced POCD mice, highlighting the potential of Akk.m-EVs in improving cognitive, memory, and spatial learning abilities in POCD mice. In addition, Akk.m-EV treatment decreased inflammatory response and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampal tissues of POCD mice, accompanied by elevated zona occludens 1 and occludin protein levels in colonic tissues, suggesting that Akk.m-EVs reduced neuroinflammation and improved intestinal barrier disorder. Akk.m-EVs ameliorate POCD in elderly patients by decreasing neuroinflammation and improving intestinal barrier dysfunction, providing a theoretical basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for POCD based on probiotic extracellular vesicles.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145720961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of ethanol and nicotine coadministration on probability discounting in rats. 乙醇和尼古丁共给药对大鼠概率贴现的影响。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000862

Erin E Wylie, Karen G Anderson

{"title":"Effects of ethanol and nicotine coadministration on probability discounting in rats.","authors":"Erin E Wylie, Karen G Anderson","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000862","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000862","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol and nicotine are among the most widely used drugs in the USA, and their combined use is associated with increased health risks. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of ethanol alone and in combination with nicotine on risky choice in rats using a probability-discounting task. Sprague-Dawley rats chose between a smaller, certain reinforcer (one food pellet) and a larger, probabilistic reinforcer (two food pellets). In Experiment 1, effects of acute ethanol administration were assessed. In Experiment 2, acute nicotine was administered either alone or in combination with ethanol. Ethanol was delivered via oral 'Jell-O shots' and nicotine was delivered via subcutaneous injection. Ethanol (2.0 g/kg) and nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) each increased risky choice compared with vehicle controls. The highest combined dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg) and nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) further increased risky choice compared with the same ethanol dose paired with a lower nicotine dose (0.3 mg/kg), although there was no evidence that the combination increased risky choice beyond either drug alone. These findings highlight drug interactions that may contribute to heightened risk-taking behaviors associated with comorbid use. Future studies should explore the influence of ethanol dose, concentration, vehicle, and administration route on risky choice to further characterize these effects. This study underscores the need for basic investigations to inform interventions targeting the combined use of ethanol and nicotine.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction model for medication adherence using a medication event monitoring system in recurrent major depressive disorder. 复发性重度抑郁症患者用药事件监测系统的药物依从性预测模型。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000868

Pan Lin, Chunting Hou, Jinjie Ji, Zhaohong Chen

{"title":"Prediction model for medication adherence using a medication event monitoring system in recurrent major depressive disorder.","authors":"Pan Lin, Chunting Hou, Jinjie Ji, Zhaohong Chen","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000868","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000868","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the risk factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressive drugs in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 847 patients undergoing maintenance treatment for recurrent MDD were prospectively enrolled. One year after discharge, patients' adherence to the prescribed antidepressants was tracked over a 30-day period using the medication event monitoring system. Low adherence was identified in 30.7% of cases. Patients with more than three exacerbations had a 2.040-fold higher risk of low adherence ( P < 0.025). Those with drug concentrations below or above the recommended therapeutic range had a 2.096-fold ( P < 0.025) and 2.361-fold ( P < 0.05) increased risk of low adherence. Patients rating their depression severity from mild-to-severe showed a trend toward increased risk of low adherence, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.020 (NS), 4.644 ( P < 0.025), and 5.347 ( P < 0.025). Patients reporting mild to severe side effects exhibited higher risks of low adherence, with ORs of 2.212 (NS), 3.993 ( P < 0.05), and 10.965 ( P < 0.001), respectively. Conversely, older age and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 scores greater than 0 were positive predictors of adherence. A prognostic index greater than or equal to 0.800 indicated a high risk of developing low adherence. A predictive model was established to assess adherence after 1 year of maintenance treatment for recurrent MDD. Patients at high risk of low adherence could be promptly identified and closely monitored, enabling physicians to develop targeted strategies to improve adherence.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12727059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limited effects of zolmitriptan maintenance on the pharmacodynamic profile of intravenous cocaine in humans. 佐米曲坦维持对人类静脉注射可卡因药效学的有限影响。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000866

William W Stoops, Joshua A Lile, Joseph L Alcorn, Kevin W Hatton, Lon R Hays, Danielle M Anderson, Janet L Neisewander

{"title":"Limited effects of zolmitriptan maintenance on the pharmacodynamic profile of intravenous cocaine in humans.","authors":"William W Stoops, Joshua A Lile, Joseph L Alcorn, Kevin W Hatton, Lon R Hays, Danielle M Anderson, Janet L Neisewander","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000866","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000866","url":null,"abstract":"Serotonin 1b (5-HT 1b ) receptors play an important role in preclinical cocaine effects. Zolmitriptan, a commercially available 5-HT 1b / 1d agonist migraine medication, selectively attenuates the reinforcing and other abuse-related effects of cocaine. This project sought to advance these promising preclinical findings into humans, thereby demonstrating that the 5-HT 1b/1d system plays a key role in the abuse-related effects of cocaine in people with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Twelve nontreatment-seeking individuals (four female human subjects) with CUD participated in this within-subject human laboratory study. Participants were maintained on 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg oral zolmitriptan/day in random order. After at least 3 days of maintenance on each target dose, participants completed experimental sessions in which the reinforcing, subjective, physiological, and cognitive-behavioral effects of 0, 10, and 30 mg/70 kg of intravenous cocaine were determined. Cocaine functioned as a reinforcer and produced prototypic dose-related subjective and physiological effects (e.g. increased ratings of 'stimulated' and heart rate). Zolmitriptan produced limited changes in oral temperature after 10 mg/70 kg cocaine. Cocaine administration improved working memory impairments observed under the 5 mg zolmitriptan condition. Zolmitriptan did not alter any other effects of cocaine. Data indicate that activating the 5-HT 1b/1d systems through zolmitriptan maintenance produces limited changes in the pharmacodynamic effects of cocaine in humans, contrasting preclinical findings, suggesting this may not be a promising pharmacotherapeutic strategy for CUD. Failing to translate from preclinical to clinical models could be because of methodological or species differences, suggesting the field needs to better address this translational gap.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of p-coumaric acid on intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial memory impairment and neuroinflammation in rats. 对香豆酸对脑室内脂多糖诱导的大鼠空间记忆障碍和神经炎症的影响。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000863

Manas Kinra, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Prasada Chowdari Gurram, Devinder Arora, Jayesh Mudgal

{"title":"Investigation of p-coumaric acid on intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharide-induced spatial memory impairment and neuroinflammation in rats.","authors":"Manas Kinra, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Prasada Chowdari Gurram, Devinder Arora, Jayesh Mudgal","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000863","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000863","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammation mediated by the activation of microglia and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of p-coumaric acid (PCA) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation was induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 150 µg/kg bacterial endotoxin LPS into the fourth ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas PCA (160 mg/kg), Donepezil (DON, 5 mg/kg) were administered orally for a period of 14 days, post-LPS administration. PCA has been reported to be active against LPS-induced sickness behavior and chronic unpredictable mild stress models in mice, whereas DON is a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with documented antineuroinflammatory property. Animals were subjected to the Morris Water Maze to assess spatial memory. ICV administration of LPS caused a significant decline in cognitive ability. PCA and DON treatment effectively attenuated this LPS-induced cognitive deficits. In addition to the behavioral improvements, both treatments significantly reduced the central levels of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β, and lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde levels. Our findings suggest that PCA exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats by plausible modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress pathways.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parsing the hypophagic and anxiogenic effects of cocaine in male and female rats. 分析古柯碱对雌雄大鼠的贪食及焦虑作用。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000861

Karl T Schmidt, Sunil S Das, M Pilar Mengotti Estrada, Sam M Shaffer, Sofia M Nelson

引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of Qudu Huiyuan Pills in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 祛毒汇源丸治疗阿片类戒断综合征的疗效和安全性：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000846

Jianbiao Xu, Jianhua Bai, Junfeng Wang, Yun Jin, Wei Chang, Lanjiang Li, Lei Zou

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Qudu Huiyuan Pills in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Jianbiao Xu, Jianhua Bai, Junfeng Wang, Yun Jin, Wei Chang, Lanjiang Li, Lei Zou","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000846","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000846","url":null,"abstract":"This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Qudu Huiyuan Pills (QHP), a novel Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulation, in treating opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). The study involved 124 adults (aged 18-65 years) diagnosed with opioid dependence and the TCM syndrome of Qi-blood deficiency and toxin-stasis. Participants were randomized to receive either QHP ( n = 63) or a placebo ( n = 61) at a dosage of 10 g three times daily for 5 months. Primary outcomes included changes in major and minor TCM symptom scores. Secondary outcomes encompassed neurobiological markers, liver function tests, and safety assessments. QHP treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in both major and minor TCM symptom scores compared with baseline and the placebo group ( P < 0.01 for both). The safety profile of QHP was favorable; reported adverse events were predominantly mild and transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Notably, QHP treatment was associated with improved liver function markers, suggesting potential hepatoprotective effects. No significant between-group differences were observed in the assessed neurotransmitter or cytokine levels at the study endpoint. In conclusion, QHP appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for individuals with OWS, particularly in alleviating the constellation of symptoms defined by TCM. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"557-567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12588665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

5-Hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor agonist LP-211 in combination with gabapentin ameliorates neuropathic pain comorbidities associated with mechanical allodynia in diabetic and nerve-ligated rats. 5-羟色胺7受体激动剂LP-211联合加巴喷丁可改善糖尿病和神经结扎大鼠与机械性异常性疼痛相关的神经性疼痛合并症。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000857

Venkatesh Goura, Pradeep Jayarajan, Anoop Kishore, Ramakrishna Nirogi

{"title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor agonist LP-211 in combination with gabapentin ameliorates neuropathic pain comorbidities associated with mechanical allodynia in diabetic and nerve-ligated rats.","authors":"Venkatesh Goura, Pradeep Jayarajan, Anoop Kishore, Ramakrishna Nirogi","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000857","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000857","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with neuropathic pain. Despite the availability of various analgesics, their efficacy in treating neuropathic pain comorbidities has been limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 agonist (LP-211) in combination with gabapentin on two distinct models of neuropathic pain in rats, namely streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain and partial sciatic nerve ligation. The sensory-discriminative parameter of mechanical allodynia was assessed using Von Frey monofilaments. We evaluated the affective components of neuropathic mechanical allodynia, such as depression and anxiety, using a forced swim test, sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze, and novelty-induced hypophagia, respectively. We measured the levels of monoamines in the hippocampus using HPLC. The electrical activity of neurons was estimated through in-vivo electrophysiology. LP-211 alone did not result in a significant increase in paw withdrawal thresholds, but when combined with gabapentin, it showed a significant increase. Furthermore, the combination treatment reduced the neuronal response of wide dynamic range neurons because of mechanical stimulation, and a significant modulation of monoamines in the hippocampus was observed. Importantly, the combination treatment exhibited antidepressant-like activity, by a significant decrease in immobility time and an increase in percentage sucrose preference. It also demonstrated anxiolytic-like activity, as indicated by an increase in time spent in open arms and an increase in food intake in a novel environment. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that multiple therapies with different mechanisms may alleviate mechanical allodynia and its comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"535-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Xylazine and opioid coadministration enhances stereotyped movements in planarians. 二甲肼和阿片类药物共同给药增强涡虫的刻板运动。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000860

Amy D Stringer, Scott M Rawls

{"title":"Xylazine and opioid coadministration enhances stereotyped movements in planarians.","authors":"Amy D Stringer, Scott M Rawls","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000860","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000860","url":null,"abstract":"Xylazine is a veterinary drug and α2-adrenoceptor agonist that has been increasingly misused as an adulterant in illicit opioids; however, only a few preclinical studies have investigated xylazine's pharmacological profile and impact on opioid-derived behaviors. We investigated the behavioral effects of xylazine alone and in combination with morphine in planarians, which are the simplest living animals having a central nervous system with cephalization. Planarians also express mammalian-like behaviors and neurotransmitters. Our specific experiments investigated the effects of xylazine, morphine, and combinations thereof on stereotyped movements (C-shapes, corkscrews, scrunches, head swings, and head bops) and motility. Clonidine, a xylazine analog and Food and Drug Administration-approved α2-adrenoceptor agonist, was tested for comparison. Both xylazine (1-1000 µM) and clonidine (1-1000 µM), at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 µM, increased stereotypies and reduced motility. Xylazine produced greater maximal effects, and clonidine was more potent. Morphine (1-1000 pM) elicited stereotypies and reduced motility. For combination experiments, morphine (0, 10, and 100 pM) was tested with different concentrations (1, 10, 100, or 1000 µM) of xylazine or clonidine. In the presence of morphine, stereotypies elicited by xylazine or clonidine were further increased, with a particularly robust enhancement of head swings. A notable distinction was that C-shapes and corkscrews were further increased by cotreatment of morphine with xylazine but not with clonidine. Our results identified xylazine-opioid interactions in planarians and showed that xylazine and clonidine elicited stereotyped movements that were enhanced further by cotreatment with morphine.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"624-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0