The open forensic science journal最新文献_第2页

State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects of Canine STR-Based Genotyping 犬str基因分型研究进展与展望

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801003010045

B. Asch, F. Pereira

{"title":"State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects of Canine STR-Based Genotyping","authors":"B. Asch, F. Pereira","doi":"10.2174/1874402801003010045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402801003010045","url":null,"abstract":"The dog is the most common domestic animal in human environments and in many situations a dog may be a victim, a perpetrator or a link between a suspect and a crime scene. Therefore, biological material derived from dogs may constitute evidence in forensic caseworks and it may be necessary or helpful to obtain genetic profiles that would aid indi- vidual identification. Currently, the assessment of the genetic diversity of breeds, population structure, inbreeding, and the development of methodologies for population assignment are important areas of research in dogs and related species such as the grey wolf. Therefore, canine short tandem repeat (STR)-based genotyping is used by a significant number of popu- lation geneticists; however, for reasons we present here, it is utilized by a relatively small number of forensic practitio- ners. An extensive bibliographic search revealed a highly fragmented canine genotyping community working under less than well defined standards. In this work, we discuss the present developments and limitations of STR-based canine geno- typing. Furthermore, we recommend that a collaborative strategy for the implementation of standardization and harmoni- zation is crucial to the development of forensic canine genotyping.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Endemism Versus Dispersion: Contribution of Microbial Genetics for Forensic Evidences 地方性与分散:微生物遗传学对法医证据的贡献

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801003010014

R. Araújo

{"title":"Endemism Versus Dispersion: Contribution of Microbial Genetics for Forensic Evidences","authors":"R. Araújo","doi":"10.2174/1874402801003010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402801003010014","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization, analysis and validation of evidence that concludes the description of an intentional act of biocrime or bioterrorism represent the main target of microbial forensics. But, even nowadays with the most recent tech- nical advances, it remains extremely difficult, labour-demanding and time consuming to investigate and confirm the origin of microbial strains and to identify the person or motif behind the crimes. The true extent of microbial diversity in indoor or outdoor environments may still be underestimated, but its origin and maintenance is starting now to be better under- stood. Biogeographic patterns and proves of endemism had been occasionally described for few bacterial communities, as well as for fungal populations. Other researchers sustain that microbes are simply so abundant that dispersion and migra- tion capacities support a probable global distribution. Additionally, they possess a remarkable tolerance and adaptation abilities to the most unfavourable environmental conditions. Human body represents other sort of microbial community different from soil and water communities that may be ruled by other variables, particularly the individual genetic back- ground. Nowadays, there is no doubt that molecular markers are important for microbe discriminating and, thus, genotyp- ing methodologies are increasing interest for forensic sciences. The advent of large-scale genotyping studies on microbial populations may provide a unique opportunity to compare genetic diversity within and among populations. The present mini-review focus the most recent developments regarding microbial genetics and population diversity, both community richness and genotype diversity, and its application for criminal cases and forensic evidence.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

High Mutation Rates in Canine Tetranucleotide Microsatellites: Too Much Risk for Genetic Compatibility Purposes? 犬四核苷酸微卫星的高突变率:遗传相容性风险太大?

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801003010009

D. Parra, D. García, S. Mendez, J. Cañón, S. Dunner

引用次数: 8

Geographic Differences in Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Distribution Among United States (US) Domestic Dog Populations 美国(US)家狗种群线粒体DNA (mtDNA)分布的地理差异

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801003010022

Briana B. Smalling, J. Satkoski, Bradley K. Tom, W. Szeto, Bethany Joy-Alise Erickson, T. Spear, D. G. Smith, B. Budowle, K. Webb, M. Allard, S. Kanthaswamy

{"title":"Geographic Differences in Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Distribution Among United States (US) Domestic Dog Populations","authors":"Briana B. Smalling, J. Satkoski, Bradley K. Tom, W. Szeto, Bethany Joy-Alise Erickson, T. Spear, D. G. Smith, B. Budowle, K. Webb, M. Allard, S. Kanthaswamy","doi":"10.2174/1874402801003010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402801003010022","url":null,"abstract":"No geographic differences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) distribution among United States (US) domestic dog populations have been detected to date. To test the hypothesis that regional differences exist, a 608 bp sequence of the canid mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (HV1) from 220 mixed breed animals from the Western, Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern US were combined with 429 published mixed and pure breed dog HV1 sequences to form a substantial geographically representative dataset. With an increased sample size of regionally representative sequences, geographic substructure among regional populations was shown to be statistically significant using the modified Fisher's exact test and pairwise Fst. The results of the AMOVA showed that 91% of the variation is present within the regional dog populations. Based on these analyses, the significance of regional canine HV1 haplotype distributions and frequencies demonstrate further the value of regional and mixed breed canine mtDNA in forensic investigations in the US.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A Guide for Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Non-Human Forensic Investigations 非人类法医调查中线粒体DNA分析指南

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801003010033

F. Pereira, J. Carneiro, B. Asch

引用次数: 20

STR Analysis of Human DNA Samples After Dry-State Ambient Temperature Storage in GenPlates 基因板干态常温保存后人类DNA样本的STR分析

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2011-12-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801104010030

R. Somiari, Ebenezer O Adebiyi, Livinus Ukachukwu, I. Igbe, Friday A. Anthony, A. O. Ogundele, Innocent Onuaha, M. Brainard, S. Lubert, C. Larson, S. Russell, N. Bharathan, S. Somiari

{"title":"STR Analysis of Human DNA Samples After Dry-State Ambient Temperature Storage in GenPlates","authors":"R. Somiari, Ebenezer O Adebiyi, Livinus Ukachukwu, I. Igbe, Friday A. Anthony, A. O. Ogundele, Innocent Onuaha, M. Brainard, S. Lubert, C. Larson, S. Russell, N. Bharathan, S. Somiari","doi":"10.2174/1874402801104010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402801104010030","url":null,"abstract":"Dry-state room temperature storage of DNA is of interest because it promises to be a relatively more cost effective and environmentally friendly method for transport and storage of DNA. However, this approach must be validated prior to large scale adoption by the scientist that currently store blood samples frozen. In this study, we compared the yield of DNA isolated from GenPlates™ to that from frozen blood, and verified the quality of the DNA by evaluating the success of genotyping and allelic assignment using the PowerPlex 16 system. Using 24 blood specimens from 6 human subjects, we determined that DNA yield from GenPlates™ a 96 well microtitre plate based product for transport and storage of DNA in the dry-state and at ambient temperature was 4.9% more than the yield from frozen blood after 16 months storage. The STR profiles from GenPlates™ DNA displayed 100% concordance with the profile from DNA isolated from frozen blood. Our results demonstrate that yield and PowerPlex 16 STR profile of DNA after dry-state ambient temperature storage in GenPlates™ for 16 months are comparable to DNA from frozen blood and 100% allelic assignment was achieved using 1 ng of DNA isolated from GenPlates™.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Do HIV-Infected Incarcerated Sexual Offenders Deserve a Little More Attention? 感染艾滋病毒的在押性犯罪者是否值得更多关注?

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2011-10-18 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801104010025

D. Baltieri, D. Boer

引用次数: 0

Application of the Maxillary Suture Obliteration Method For Estimating Age at Death in Greek Population 上颌缝合闭塞法在希腊人口死亡年龄估计中的应用

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2011-05-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801104010015

C. Apostolidou, I. Eleminiadis, T. Koletsa, K. Natsis, S. Dalampiras, D. Psaroulis, S. Apostolidis, A. Psifidis, P. Tsikaras, S. Njau

引用次数: 10

A Historical Review of MDMA MDMA的历史回顾

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2011-05-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801104010020

S. Karch

引用次数: 28

Autopsy Findings in Ventricular Wall Rupture After Mitral Valve Replacement Case Report 二尖瓣置换术后心室壁破裂的尸检结果

The open forensic science journal Pub Date : 2011-05-06 DOI: 10.2174/1874402801104010012

M. Subirana, H. Méndez., J. C. Borondo, J. Canós, I. Galtés, J. Castellà, Á. Vidal, C. Vidal, J. Medallo

引用次数: 0