The open forensic science journal最新文献

{"title":"The First Blood Collection Attempt for Doping Control in an Olympic Tournament: Data on the Procedure Applied in Athens 2004 Olympic Games","authors":"C. Tsitsimpikou, A. Jamurtas, A. Tsiokanos, I. Fatouros, K. Tsarouhas, Eva Karachaliou, P. Schamasch, D. Valasiadis","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010027","url":null,"abstract":"The procedure for blood sampling in doping control, implemented for the first time as part of the official foren- sic testing programme in the Athens 2004 Summer Olympic Games is described. 743 whole blood and serum samples from 37 sports were analyzed. In serum human growth hormone and hemoglobin based oxygen carriers were screened for. In whole blood samples heterologous blood transfusion was detected. Routine haematological parameters (hematocrit, haemoglobin) were followed in a very limited range only in Modern Pentathlon under the responsibility of the respective International Federation. The majority of the blood samples collected concerned events in athletics. Endurance sports accounted for 81% of the whole blood sampling. Athletics, swimming and rowing represented 55% of the serum samples analyzed. Extension of testing for oxygen transport enhancing agents in anaerobic sports should be seriously considered by future organizers and the International Olympic Committee. The mean time for an athlete to report to the Doping Control Station for blood collection was 6.1 hours; 27% of the ath- letes tested (from 19 sports) failed to appear within the 12-hours time limit set. Training of the phlebotomists was proven effective. Only 25 athletes of those tested (3%) reported to have felt uncomfort- able. The majority of complaints (47%) concerned the prolonged waiting period and the long blood collection time (48%). Finally, an earlier agreement between all involved parties, attempts to decrease the time to appear at the site of blood col- lection and shortening of the duration of blood collection and sealing of the samples are recommended.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial - Science “Before the Forum” in The Open Forensic Science Journal","authors":"A. Tsatsakis","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010026","url":null,"abstract":"The word \" forensic \" derives from the Latin adjective \" forensis \" meaning of or before the forum. During the time of the Romans, a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their side of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine the outcome of the case. Basically, the person with the sharpest forensic skills would win. This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word \"forensic\"-as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation. In modern use, the term \"forensics\" in place of \"forensic science\" is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates the word \"forensics\" with \"forensic science\". The ''Eureka'' legend of Archimedes (287-212 BC) can be considered an early account of the use of forensic science. In this case, he determined that a crown was not completely made of gold (as it was fraudulently claimed) by determining its density by measuring its displacement and weight, as he was not allowed to damage the crown. The earliest account of fingerprint use to establish identity was during the 7th century. According to an Arabic merchant, a debtor's fingerprints were affixed to a bill, which would then be given to the lender. This bill was legally recognized as proof of the validity of the debt. In our time, forensic science besides its relevance to the underlying legal system, encompasses the accepted scholarly or scientific methodology and norms under which the facts regarding an event, or an artifact, or some other physical item (such as a corpse, or cadaver, for example) are to the broader notion of authentication whereby an interest outside of a legal form exists in determining whether an object is in fact what it purports to be, or is alleged as being. In this day and age, the Open Forensic Sciences Journal aims to serve as an international online consistent journal for the publication of most recent, original research reports, articles and current developments on all aspects pertaining to the multidisciplinary forensic science, reviewed by the most proficient scientists in, inter alia, medicine, pathology, toxicology, chemistry, biology, firearms, drug abuse. Furthermore, all related and interactive areas of expertise, such as forensic medicine, …","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"26-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Evaluation and Population data of 11 Y-STRs in Moroccan immigrants in Belgium","authors":"G. Mertens, S. Rand, E. Jehaes, G. Leijnen, Werner Jacobs, E. Marck","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010019","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To establish a database of Y chromosomal haplotypes of the Moroccan immigrant population of Belgium. Methods: A sample of 109 random Moroccan male immigrants bearing different surnames and living in Belgium were typed for the 11 Y chromosome short tandem repeats DYS19, DYS385a-b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, DYS439 and DYS437. Results: A total of 58 different haplotypes were observed. Among these, 44 were unique, 11 occurred twice, 2 were counted 4 times and 1 was observed in - surprisingly - 35 males. The resulting haplotype diversity was 0.8942 and the dis- crimination capacity was 0.5321. Conclusion: The most frequent haplotype is common in North Africa and the even higher frequency in this sample is sug- gestive of a founder effect of this migrant population, combined with endogamy and inbreeding.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legally Interred and Unlawful Burials: A Retrospective Study of Exhumation Cases in the Province of Quebec, Canada","authors":"Célia Kremer, A. Sauvageau","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010016","url":null,"abstract":"Exhumations cases have been the focus of very few retrospective studies. In fact, no study ever described un- lawful burials, while exhumations of legally interred bodies were only described by German studies. In the present study, exhumation cases of legally interred and unlawful burials performed over a six-year period (2000-2005) in the province of Quebec, Canada, were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 8 cases were found, representing 0.2% of all forensic autopsies and 0,0024% of all deaths. Of those, 5 were unlawful burials (62.5%), whereas the remaining 3 (37.5%) were legally in- terred bodies. Overall, the time of interment ranged from 2 weeks to 2 years. Forensic pathologists participated in 5 of the 8 (62.5%) exhumation cases. Exhumations rates in different populations are discussed, as well as reasons to conduct an exhumation and if the forensic pathologist must be present on the scene.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"168 1","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Evaluation of Haploid Genetic Evidence","authors":"T. Egeland, A. Salas","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010004","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of forensic cases need to be based on haploid DNA. The statistical evaluation of the genetic evidence in such cases requires particular attention and methods. There may be considerable differences between databases and this must be accounted for when there is uncertainty about the population origin of the perpetrator. We here assume access to the relevant databases sampled from populations that the perpetrator may conceivably come from. Intuitively, if there are strong reasons to claim that a specific database is particularly relevant, the likelihood ratio should be influenced accord- ingly. Moreover, the haploid evidence is typically weaker than for nuclear DNA and there is therefore a greater need to assess uncertainty; here we have chosen the bootstrap method. We also discuss the ability of the proposed method to ac- count for population stratification when computing the LR. A pilot implementation of the haploeve software is freely available.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Semen (Human and Boar) and Saliva on Fabrics by a Very High Powered UV-/VIS-Light Source","authors":"A. Fiedler, Jessica Rehdorf, Florian Hilbers, Lena Johrdan, Carola Stribl, M. Benecke","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010012","url":null,"abstract":"A possible method to detect body fluids in forensic cases of sexual assault or abuse is by using forensic light sources, which emit certain wavelengths and excite body fluids to fluoresce. However, the success of the visualization of the fluorescence signal can be significantly reduced when unfavorable conditions - especially daylight - are present or used. We studied the detection of fresh semen (human, boar) and saliva (human) on different and colored types of fabric. The stained samples were stored for 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, and some were additionally washed with detergent at 30°C (86°F). The portable forensic light source Lumatec Superlight 400 which emits wavelengths from 320 nm (UV) to 700 nm (visible light, VIS) and colored goggles and filters were used. The very high intensity light source detected semen and saliva in darkness and daylight. No difference were found in samples stored 3 and 5 weeks, respectively. Best results for semen and saliva were obtained using wavelengths between 415-490 nm. For general search for body fluids, excitation of 350-500 nm is preferable. With appropriate goggles (orange (>500 nm) or red (>590)) semen could be detected in 100% and saliva in 60% of the cases. Washing the samples with de- tergent removed the biological stains in 75% of the cases. The darker the color, the more the fluorescence signal was ab- sorbed. The type of the fabric had however no significant effect on detection of semen and saliva. The recognition rate of saliva was much better than reported for other light sources. An unexpected observation on the side was that the fluorescence signal of boar semen was clearly weaker than that of human semen, although the amount of sperm cells per ml is 50-150 million for humans and 25-300 million for boar.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68071024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoerotic deaths: a seven-year retrospective epidemiological study","authors":"A. Sauvageau","doi":"10.2174/1874402800801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874402800801010001","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological data on autoerotic deaths is still largely limited. The incidence has been evaluated in 1983 as approximately accounting from 500 to 1000 deaths per year in United States (considering the population back then, this corresponds to 2.2 to 4.4 cases per million inhabitants per year). However, this incidence has never been re-evaluated since. Also, it has been previously shown that the female proportion of all published cases is about 4.5%, while atypical cases represent about 10.3%. On a seven-year period, all autopsy cases for the Quebec province (Canada) were reviewed for autoerotic deaths. We found an incidence of 0.2 cases per 1 million inhabitants per year, a female representation of 11% and a proportion of atypical cases of 22%. Therefore, this study revealed that the widely cited incidence of 500-1000 autoerotic deaths per year may no longer be valid. In addition, atypical cases proportion seems to be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":88327,"journal":{"name":"The open forensic science journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68070983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}