Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"Early onset gastric cancer: clinical and molecular insights into a rising epidemic among younger adults.","authors":"Maryana Stryelkina, My Nguyen, Priyanka Reddy, Anh Trinh Doan, Michelle Min, Lisa Go, Lucas Wong","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2488592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2488592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early onset gastric cancer (EOGC), defined as gastric cancer occurring in individuals aged 49 years or younger, presents distinct clinical and molecular characteristics compared to late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC). Despite the increasing incidence of EOGC, limited data exist regarding its demographic, risk factor, and molecular profiles. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic and molecular features of EOGC and LOGC and characterize the demographic, clinical, and molecular characteristics of EOGC in a diverse cohort to elucidate potential risk factors and disease behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 437 gastric carcinoma patients screened at Baylor Scott & White Health (2002-2022). Demographic, clinical, and molecular data, including <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, lifestyle factors, histopathology, and biomarkers (HER2, MSI), were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 437 gastric carcinoma cases screened, 32 patients had EOGC, while 51 had LOGC with available clinical and molecular data. EOGC was associated with a higher proportion of females (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and greater racial/ethnic diversity, including a higher prevalence of Hispanic (41% vs 13.7%) and African American patients (34.3% vs 13.7%). Modifiable risk factor analysis revealed a significant association between EOGC and <i>H. pylori</i> infection (<i>P</i> = 0.001), whereas alcohol use was more common in LOGC (<i>P</i> = 0.041). EOGC was more frequently diagnosed at advanced stages (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and exhibited a higher prevalence of signet ring cell carcinoma (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and poorly differentiated tumors (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Molecular analysis showed low HER2 positivity (4.2%) and mismatch repair deficiency (8.3%) in EOGC, suggesting distinct molecular features. The overall 5-year survival rate for EOGC was 22.6%, significantly lower in patients diagnosed at advanced stages (III/IV 5.9% vs I/II 63.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the aggressive nature of EOGC, highlighting its advanced-stage presentation, poor survival, and distinct molecular pathways. The high prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> infection, obesity, and smoking reinforces the need for targeted prevention strategies. Given its rising incidence and late-stage diagnosis, risk-based screening, optimized treatment protocols, and novel therapeutic strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"388-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes in Fontan circulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tanawat Attachaipanich, Suthinee Attachaipanich, Kotchakorn Kaewboot","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2479406","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2479406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fontan surgery outcomes have significantly improved, leading to an increased number of patients surviving into adulthood. However, data on pregnancy outcomes in this population remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted across four databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception to September 25, 2024, without language restrictions. Studies involving pregnancies in women with Fontan circulation that reported maternal or neonatal outcomes were included. Case series and case reports were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 400 pregnant women with Fontan circulation and 1260 pregnancies. An increase in maternal arrhythmias was observed, with a pooled incidence of 6.59% (95% CI 3.22%-10.83%), all of which were supraventricular tachycardia. The pooled incidence of maternal heart failure was 3.71% (95% CI 0.94%-7.67%), with no report of maternal mortality. Preterm delivery was common, with a pooled incidence of 57.31% (95% CI 40.19%-73.66%). Furthermore, the pooled incidence of neonatal mortality was 4.38% (95% CI 2.08%-7.23%), mainly due to complications from preterm births.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnancy in women with Fontan circulation is associated with maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Preconception counseling and multidisciplinary care are essential for supporting pregnancy planning, ensuring careful monitoring, and improving pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"486-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of nirsevimab for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis encompassing 11,001 participants.","authors":"Mohammad Tanashat, Mohamed Abuelazm, Almothana Manasrah, Obieda Altobaishat, Noor M Masadeh, Mohamed Abouzid","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2488211","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2488211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and a major contributor to newborn hospitalizations. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing RSV infections among infants. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of nirsevimab in healthy infants born at varying gestational ages during their first RSV season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched electronic databases-PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science-to identify relevant studies published up to March 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included three studies with 11,001 participants. Nirsevimab was significantly associated with decreased hospitalization for LRTI due to RSV (risk ratio [RR]: 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13, 0.33; <i>P</i> = 0.00001), hospitalization for respiratory illness due to any cause (RR: 0.46; 95% CI 0.36, 0.59; <i>P</i> = 0.00001), and medically attended RSV-associated LRTI (RR: 0.25; 95% CI 0.18, 0.36; <i>P</i> = 0.00001) compared to placebo. Comparable results were found in composite safety outcomes and adverse events; however, nirsevimab significantly reduced the incidence of bronchiolitis (RR: 0.70; 95% CI 0.56, 0.88; <i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nirsevimab shows promise in preventing RSV infections and hospitalizations, warranting further study on its practicality and cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"524-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemic-related stress and suicide risk among healthcare professionals during the pandemic.","authors":"Thomas Cox, Kashif Waqiee Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2489875","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2489875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression and suicide are common in the hospital workplace. Extreme stress is more likely in periods of major crisis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine the stress levels and sources of stress for healthcare providers, a survey was administered to approximately 3000 clinicians in a single healthcare system in April 2022, gathering both quantitative and free-text responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 485 clinicians completed the questionnaire. Their responses revealed a high level of pandemic-related, personal, and professional stress, as well as burnout. Top stressors included staffing issues, increased workload, isolation and lack of professional connection, administrative and policy struggles, dealing with patient expectations, mental health and emotional toll, lack of resources and support, training and career disruptions, and public misinformation. In addition, 3.9% confided in someone about thoughts of taking their life, and 2% indicated they currently had thoughts of suicide. Overall, 1.8% of respondents experienced no stress; 19.7%, a little stress; 37.9%, a moderate amount of stress; 24.3%, a lot of stress; and 16.4%, a great deal of stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare institutions must address these issues by providing more support, resources, and mental health services to healthcare workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"567-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of death across different locations in the United States, 2015 to 2022.","authors":"Taha Mansoor, Daniyal Shahid, Kartik Gupta, Dmitry Abramov, Salim S Virani, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2480979","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2480979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the leading underlying causes of death across different locations in the USA from 2015 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on the leading underlying causes of death in each location of death-including medical outpatient facility or emergency room, medical inpatient facility, medical facility/dead on arrival, decedent's home, hospice facility, and nursing home/long-term care-within the USA in individuals ≥18 years were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 22,236,700 deaths in our studied locations during the study period. Most deaths were in the decedents' homes (34.5%), followed by inpatient medical facilities (31.8%). Malignant neoplasms were the leading cause of death in hospice facilities (32.8%-40.0%) and decedents' homes (25.9%-31.5%), followed by heart disease. Heart disease was the most common cause of death in nursing homes/long-term care facilities (20.0%-23.6%), outpatient or emergency medical facilities (36.5%-44.7%), those dead on arrival at medical facilities (35.4%-40.3%), and inpatient medical facilities (14.3%-20.4%), with COVID-19 becoming the top cause of death in 2020 and 2021 in inpatient medical facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, heart disease and malignant neoplasm were among the top three causes of death in all studied locations in our study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"454-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economic implications of inappropriate testing.","authors":"Robert T Dahlquist","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2487363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2025.2487363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying general surgery trainees' perception of leadership, leadership needs, and development of a leadership curriculum.","authors":"Nima Maghami, Chun Yun Amy Hsu, Thomas J Fahey, Zachary Whaley, David Fehling, Bobbie Ann Adair White","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2485835","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2485835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Leadership is an essential competency for surgeons. Despite its importance, leadership is not explicitly taught in many residency programs. The objective of this study was to explore general surgery residents' perceptions of leadership, its domains and competencies, and the need for and structure of its development in residency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 general surgery residents of varying postgraduate year levels at a single academic residency program. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded inductively by two researchers using thematic analysis. Coding discrepancies were reconciled through consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Residents viewed leadership training as a critical competency and expressed a desire to grow their skills regardless of their current confidence level. Residents' perception of essential leader characteristics and leadership competencies varied, with most describing a leader as a confident, caring person who empowers and develops others by demonstrating strong teamwork and communication skills. Residents made a clear distinction between leadership and authority. The leader-follower relationship was perceived as dynamic, and, depending on the circumstances, anyone could be a leader regardless of their position or role. Residents believed that gender influences how leadership is perceived and practiced. They indicated that observational learning, a major component of social learning theory, plays a key role in how residents acquire leadership skills. Approaches to leadership training encompassed a wide variety of methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A diverse list of leadership competencies, characteristics, and approaches to training were noted as important by general surgery residents. Observational learning, modeling, and emulation are the current modus operandi of leadership training in surgical residency. Consequently, to train residents to be effective leaders, it is imperative that faculty and staff undergo leadership development as well. Structured feedback given to residents and faculty on their leadership skills is essential to this process. Regardless of the leadership training method used, residents preferred a tailored, individualized, and longitudinal learning experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"462-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the safety and efficacy of the hepatitis E virus vaccine.","authors":"Islam Mohamed, Hazem Abosheiashaa, Anna Boda, Felix Yang, Emily Kamali, Regina Scott, Kate Huntress, Tejas Saravanan, Ahmed E Saelm, Fouad Jaber, Yazan Abboud, Dushyant Dahiya, Laura Alba, Nikki Duong","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2474893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2025.2474893","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global cause of viral hepatitis. While genotypes 1 and 2 cause acute hepatitis in Asia and Africa, genotypes 3 and 4 lead to sporadic acute or chronic hepatitis in America and Europe. Pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals, and those with chronic liver disease face a higher risk of severe outcomes. HEV recombinant vaccine is approved for outbreak use in China but awaits Food and Drug Administration approval in the USA. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the HEV vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase, employing specific terms for the recombinant HEV vaccine. Eligibility criteria involved all-age individuals receiving recombinant HEV vaccine in randomized controlled trials. Covidence software was used to screen studies, and data extraction encompassed study characteristics, baseline data, and efficacy outcomes by four reviewers. Bias evaluation was completed using Cochrane's RoB 2 tool. Statistical analysis involved use of Revman v5.4 with a random effect model, considering &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 as statistically significant. Heterogeneity was assessed using the &lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in HEV vaccine efficacy compared to placebo (odds ratio [OR]: 25.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.21, 68.75, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001) with a substantial reduction in hepatitis E cases (OR: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.11, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001). In terms of safety, the HEV vaccine exhibited a significant increase in injection pain (OR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.03, 2.36, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) and injection bruising (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 1.76, 7.48, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0005). No statistically significant differences were observed in fever (OR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.86, 1.23, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.76) or headache (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 0.72, 1.84, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.56). Local events significantly increased with the vaccine (OR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.38, 1.63, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.00001). There were no significant differences in systemic events (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 0.86, 1.31, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.59) or serious adverse events (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.16, 2.07, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.40).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates the significant and favorable impact of the recombinant HEV vaccine on the reduction of HEV cases. However, safety considerations are notable, as the vaccine is associated with a significant increase in injection-related pain and bruising. While localized adverse events were more frequent with the vaccine, there were no statistically significant differences in systemic events, serious adverse events, fever, or headache compared to placebo. These findings emphasize the overall effectiveness of the HEV vaccine in preventing HEV infections but highlight the need for careful monitoring and consideration of potential localized side ef","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 3","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E vaccination: the promise of prevention.","authors":"Stevan A Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2487362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2025.2487362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 3","pages":"334-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy and safety of survodutide for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Abdelaziz A Awad, Alaa Abdrabou Abouelmagd, Fatma Mohammed, Abdelrahman M Elettreby, Mohamed Mahmoud Marey, Mohamed A Aldemerdash, Samar M Soliman, Mohamed Mohamed Belal, Hazem Abosheaishaa","doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2480512","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2480512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists have established their efficacy and safety in the treatment of obesity. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of survodutide, a new GLP-1 agonist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases until May 2024 for randomized controlled trials using survodutide obesity treatment. Continuous data were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD), while dichotomous data were pooled as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant relative body weight reduction in the survodutide group (SMD: -1.5; 95% CI: -2.05 to -0.95; <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Overall adverse events in the four included studies weren't significantly different between the survodutide group and placebo group (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41; <i>I</i> ² = 72%; <i>P</i> = 0.08). Survodutide was associated with a higher risk of developing diarrhea than the placebo group in the four included trials (RR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.97; <i>I</i> ²=0%; <i>P</i> < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Survodutide effectively reduced relative body weight, absolute body weight, and hemoglobin A1c (<i>P</i> < 0.00001). The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the two groups, while gastrointestinal adverse events were higher in the survodutide group.</p>","PeriodicalId":8828,"journal":{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings","volume":"38 4","pages":"514-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}