Chance (New York, N.Y.)最新文献_第8页

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.2003636

Mary Gray, Nimai M. Mehta

{"title":"Liars, Damned Liars, and …","authors":"Mary Gray, Nimai M. Mehta","doi":"10.1080/09332480.2021.2003636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2021.2003636","url":null,"abstract":"The admission of expert opinion by courts meant to assist the trier of facts has enjoyed a checkered history within the Anglo-American legal system. Progress has been achieved where expert testimony proffered was determined by the court to be relevant, material, and competent. Cases where these criteria of admissibility remained undeveloped, or were misapplied in the face of complex evidence, expert testimony has done more harm than good in the search for truth. From Pascal and Fermat to se Moivre, from Bayes to Fisher, probability and data have come together to establish the role of statistics in civil and criminal justice. We explore the role statisticians as expert witnesses have played within the Anglo-American system of justice - in the US courts and in the Indian subcontinent. The evolution of the 1872 Indian Evidence Act has in many ways paralleled the changing rules of evidence and expert testimony in U.S. federal and state statutes. This is evident in the challenges courts in both places have faced, for example, in the application of the Daubert guidelines in cases involving complex, scientific data - in matters of DNA evidence, the environment, public health, etc. Lastly we look at the extent to which the two legal systems have retained the adversarial system as a check on expert opinion and its misuse.","PeriodicalId":88226,"journal":{"name":"Chance (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"27 1","pages":"23 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80622667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poems that Solve Puzzles 解谜诗

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.2003641

C. Robert

引用次数: 0

The Error of Truth 真理的谬误

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.2003640

C. Robert

引用次数: 0

ASA President’s Task Force Statement on Statistical Significance and Replicability ASA主席特别工作组关于统计显著性和可复制性的声明

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1162/99608f92.f0ad0287

Y. Benjamini, R.D. De Veaux, B. Efron, Scott Evans, Mark Glickman, B. Graubard, Xuming He, X. Meng, N. Reid, S. Stigler, S. Vardeman, C. Wikle, Tommy Wright, Linda J. Young, K. Kafadar

引用次数: 23

An Assessment of the Change in Co-worker Well-being at Sydenham Garden 西德纳姆花园同事幸福感变化的评估

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1981053

V. Balinskaite

引用次数: 0

Pathways to Increasing Trust in Public Health Data 增加对公共卫生数据信任的途径

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1979808

C. Augustin, I. Holeman, E. Salomon, H. Olsen, Phillip Azar, M. Ayyangar

{"title":"Pathways to Increasing Trust in Public Health Data","authors":"C. Augustin, I. Holeman, E. Salomon, H. Olsen, Phillip Azar, M. Ayyangar","doi":"10.1080/09332480.2021.1979808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2021.1979808","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Digital tools make it easier to collect data about patients closer to where they live, understand their health needs better, and treat them faster, thereby saving lives. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are increasingly collecting digital data through the course of care delivery. However, despite the widespread championing of digital health tools, the full impact of these technologies has not been realized because CHW-collected data is often considered low quality and unreliable for data-driven decision-making. At a systemic level, mistrust in the quality of the data (a lack of so-called ‘data trust’) limits the potential impact. The primary objective of this research program was to identify inconsistent or problematic data (IoP) occurring across a digitally enabled CHW health system in order to recommend changes in digital health tools and processes that might increase trust in CHW-collected data. In this exploratory study, data were analyzed using a variety of statistical and data science approaches including clustering algorithms, histograms, box plots, and Sankey diagrams. IoP were identified from a suite of 160 tests internally developed to identify IoP at the health platform level. As anticipated, data exhibited issues with accuracy, completeness, and timeliness across digital health forms. While each IoP issue identified could be individually remediated, recommendations provided are centered on a platform-wide (and tool agnostic) approach to data quality in community health.","PeriodicalId":88226,"journal":{"name":"Chance (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"45 1","pages":"24 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Surveys for the Public Good: Examples from Statistics Without Borders 公益调查:来自无国界统计的例子

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1979809

Jennifer Unangst

引用次数: 0

Transforming Evidence to Action: The Case of Election Participation in Nigeria 将证据转化为行动:尼日利亚选举参与的案例

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1979807

O. Olubusoye, O. Akintande, Eric A. Vance

引用次数: 5

Keep a Human in the Machine and Other Lessons Learned from Deploying and Maintaining Colandr 在机器中保留一个人以及从部署和维护colander中学到的其他经验教训

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1979818

Samantha Cheng, C. Augustin

{"title":"Keep a Human in the Machine and Other Lessons Learned from Deploying and Maintaining Colandr","authors":"Samantha Cheng, C. Augustin","doi":"10.1080/09332480.2021.1979818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2021.1979818","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of the “invest in open” movement has led to increased focus on - and recognition of the positive benefit of - open source toolkits as a way of democratizing access to software that is typically expensive and therefore restricted to research institutions. From 2015-2017, DataKind partnered with researchers from NCEAS through the SNAPP Consortium to tackle a problem common across many sectors: how to digest the amount of evidence available for decision-making in a way that would still allow for timely decisions to be made. Realizing that the evidence was stored primarily in PDFs and that the rise of machine learning techniques such as natural language processing meant that thousands of words from PDFs could be processed on local computers, the research team took an approach of building an open source tool to compete with commercially available evidence synthesis tools. With an algorithmic backend that relies on word vectorization, this project is an example of technology use to aid common labor intensive researcher tasks. From inception to early maintenance, this project produced many valuable lessons regarding the launch and stewardship of a public good and this article is a reflection of the learnings across that process.","PeriodicalId":88226,"journal":{"name":"Chance (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"20 1","pages":"56 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75703331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous Language Migration along the U.S. Southwestern Border—the View from Arizona 沿着美国西南边境的土著语言迁移——从亚利桑那州看

Chance (New York, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09332480.2021.1979814

Blake Gentry, M. Richardson, Diego Piña Lopez, Joseph Watkins

引用次数: 0