{"title":"Seasonal and genetic effects on lipid profiles of juvenile Atlantic salmon","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonality can influence many physiological traits requiring optimal energetic capacity for life-history stage transitions. In Atlantic salmon, high-energy status is essential for the initiation of maturation. Earlier studies have linked a genomic region encoding <em>vgll3</em> to maturation age, potentially mediated via body condition. <em>Vgll3</em> has also been shown to act as an inhibitor of adipogenesis in mice. Here we investigate the influence of season and <em>vgll3</em> genotypes associating with early (EE) and late (LL) maturation on lipid profiles in the muscle and liver of juvenile Atlantic salmon. We reared Atlantic salmon for two years from fertilization and sampled muscle and liver during the spring and autumn of the second year (at which time some males were sexually mature). We found no seasonal or genotype effect in the muscle lipid profiles of immature males or females. However, in the liver we detected a triacylglycerol enrichment and a genotype specific direction of change in membrane lipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, from spring to autumn. Specifically, from spring to autumn membrane lipid concentrations increased in vgll3*EE individuals but decreased in vgll3*LL individuals. This could be explained by 1) a seasonally more stable capacity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions in <em>vgll3</em>*EE individuals compared to <em>vgll3</em>*LL individuals or 2) <em>vgll3</em>*LL individuals storing larger lipid droplets from spring to autumn in the liver compared to <em>vgll3</em>*EE individuals at the expense of ER capacity. This genotype specific seasonal direction of change in membrane lipid concentrations provides more indirect evidence of a potential mechanism linking <em>vgll3</em> with lipid metabolism and storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-evaluation of the canonical PAF pathway in cutaneous anaphylaxis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent classical lipid mediator that plays a critical role in various diseases such as allergy and nervous system disorders. In the realm of allergy, previous studies suggested that PAF is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and contributes to allergic reactions <em>via</em> PAF receptor (PAFR). However, the sources of endogenous PAF and its pathophysiological dynamics remain largely elusive <em>in vivo</em>. Here, we report that rapid and local PAF generation completely depends on lysophospholipid acyltransferase 9 (LPLAT9, also known as LPCAT2) expressed in mast cells in IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. However, we found that LPLAT9 knockout (KO) mice did not display attenuated vascular leakage. Additionally, decreased vascular leakage was observed in PAFR KO mice, but not in endothelial cell-specific mice in this model. These divergences highlight a yet unsolved complexity of the biological functions of PAF and PAFR in a pathophysiological process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their biosynthetic pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—fatty acids containing multiple double bonds within their carbon chain—are an indispensable component of the cell membrane. PUFAs, including the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n-6) and the omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), have been implicated in various (patho)physiological events. These PUFAs are either obtained from the diet or biosynthesized from the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3) <em>via</em> enzymatic reactions that are catalyzed by fatty acid elongases (ELOVL2 and ELOVL5) and fatty acid desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2). In this review, we summarize the recent literature studying the role of PUFAs, placing a special emphasis on the newly discovered functions of PUFAs and their biosynthetic pathway as revealed by studies using animal models targeting the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and genetic approaches including genome-wide association studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipidomic and transcriptomic characteristics of boar seminal plasma extracellular vesicles associated with sperm motility","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seminal plasma extracellular vesicles (SPEVs) play an important role in regulating sperm motility by delivering various cargoes, such as miRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and metabolites. However, information on the lipid compositions of SPEVs and their roles in semen quality is limited. Here, we performed high-throughput transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis on SPEVs isolated from 20 boars with high or low sperm motility. Then, we evaluated the lipid composition and gene expression characteristics of SPEVs and identified the specific lipids and genes related to sperm motility. As a result, a total of 26 lipid classes were identified in SPEVs, and five subclasses, CerG2, CerG3, LPE, LPS and TG, were significantly different in boars with high and low sperm motility. In addition, 195 important lipids and 334 important genes were identified by weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. We observed that several important genes and lipids in SPEVs potentially influence sperm motility via glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, the sphingolipid signaling pathway and the ferroptosis pathway. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the content of 22 lipids and the expression levels of 67 genes (|cor| > 0.8, <em>P</em> < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that three important gene-lipid linkages (CerG1 (d22:0/24:0) - <em>RCAN3</em>, Cer (d18:1/24:0) - <em>SCFD2</em> and CerG1 (d18:0/24:1) - <em>SCFD2</em>) were strongly correlated with sperm motility. Based on the results, some genes and lipids in SPEVs may play important roles in sperm motility by interacting with sperm through important pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198124001112/pdfft?md5=866d0705aaf225c6174f73f4242897f6&pid=1-s2.0-S1388198124001112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cold-induced phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in liver and brown adipose tissue of mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing energy expenditure in brown adipose (BAT) tissue by cold-induced lipolysis is discussed as a potential strategy to counteract imbalanced lipid homeostasis caused through unhealthy lifestyle and cardiometabolic disease. Yet, it is largely unclear how liberated fatty acids (FA) are metabolized. We investigated the liver and BAT lipidome of mice housed for 1 week at thermoneutrality, 23 °C and 4 °C using quantitative mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Housing at temperatures below thermoneutrality triggered the generation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in both tissues. Particularly, the concentrations of PE containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their acyl chains like PE 18:0_20:4 were increased at cold. Investigation of the plasma's FA profile using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed a negative correlation of PUFA with unsaturated PE in liver and BAT indicating a flux of FA from the circulation into these tissues. Beta-adrenergic stimulation elevated intracellular levels of PE 38:4 and PE 40:6 in beige wildtype adipocytes, but not in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-deficient cells. These results imply an induction of PE synthesis in liver, BAT and thermogenic adipocytes after activation of the beta-adrenergic signaling cascade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198124001124/pdfft?md5=6addaa8a37f255ac8fb4473b52a49bbf&pid=1-s2.0-S1388198124001124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spermidine mitigates ferroptosis in free fatty acid-induced AML-12 cells through the ATF4/SLC7A11/GCLM/GPX4 pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Spermidine (SPD), a naturally occurring polyamine, has shown potential in alleviating the accumulation of hepatic lipids and reducing NAFLD symptoms in overweight mice. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms through which SPD exerts its effects remain largely unknown. This study seeks to explore the protective effects of SPD on NAFLD and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. An in vitro model of NAFLD was established by inducing steatosis in AML-12 cells through the use of free fatty acids (FFAs). Our experimental results demonstrate that SPD significantly reduces NAFLD development induced by FFAs. This reduction is primarily achieved through the inhibition of cellular ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, SPD was found to enhance cellular activity and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by FFA exposure.</p><p>Further mechanistic studies have revealed that SPD upregulates the expression of solute transporter family 7a member 11 (SLC7A11), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX4). This upregulation is mediated by the activation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Knockdown experiments of ATF4 confirmed that its inhibition reverses the upregulation of SLC7A11, GCLM, and GPX4, thereby negating the protective effects of SPD. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SPD mitigates NAFLD by modulating the ATF4/SLC7A11/GCLM/GPX4 signaling pathway, resulting in the suppression of ferroptosis and the improvement of cellular health. These insights provide a novel molecular mechanism and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) co-contribute to protecting intestinal epithelial cells from Staphylococcus aureus via regulating lipid droplets formation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) being a highly studied zoontic bacterium, its enteropathogenicity remains elusive. Herein, our findings demonstrated that <em>S. aureus</em> infection led to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in intestinal epithelial cells, accompanied by marked elevation inflammatory response that ultimately decreases intracellular bacterial load. The aforestated phenomenon may be partly attributed to the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) and the concomitant down-regulation of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) protein. Moreover, <em>S. aureus</em> infection up-regulated the expression of HILPDA, thereby promoting LDs accumulation, and down-regulated that of CBS, consequently inhibiting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression. This process may suppress the transport of LDs to the extracellular environment, further contributing to the formation of intracellular LDs. In summary, the results of this study provide significant insights into the intricate mechanisms through which the host organism combats pathogens and maintains the balance of sulfur and lipid metabolism. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the host's defense mechanisms but also offer promising avenues for the development of novel strategies to combat intestinal infectious diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TMAO induces pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice via MBOAT2-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by intestinal flora, is recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that dietary TMAO supplementation accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Pyroptosis and the expression of phospholipid-modifying enzyme MBOAT2 were increased in endothelial cells within atherosclerotic lesions. Genetic upregulation of MBOAT2 via adeno-associated virus with endothelium-specific promoter results in increased atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Mechanistically, the overexpression of MBOAT2 disrupted glycerophospholipid metabolism and induced endothelial cell pyroptosis in an Endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent manner. These data reveal that TMAO promotes endothelial cell pyroptosis and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions through the upregulation of MBOAT2, indicating that MBOAT2 is a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping lipid species remodeling in high fat diet-fed mice: Unveiling adipose tissue dysfunction with Raman microspectroscopy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity leads to adipose tissue expansion, a major contributor to metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease. Lipid metabolism and fatty acid changes play vital roles in the progression of obesity. In this proof-of-concept study, Raman techniques combined with histochemical imaging methods were utilized to analyze the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on different types of adipose tissue in mice, using a small sample size (<em>n</em> = 3 per group). After six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, our findings showed hypertrophy, elevated collagen levels, and increased macrophage presence in the adipose tissues of the HFD group compared to the low-fat diet (LFD) group. Statistical analysis of Raman spectra revealed significantly lower unsaturated lipid levels and higher lipid to protein content in different fat pads (brown adipose tissue (BAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT), and visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT)) with HFD. Raman images of adipose tissues were analyzed using Empty modeling and DCLS methods to spatially profile unsaturated and saturated lipid species in the tissues. It revealed elevated levels of ω-3, ω-6, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in BAT adipose tissues of HFD compared to LFD tissues. These findings indicated that while cholesterol, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, and triacylglycerol levels have risen in the SWAT and VWAT adipose tissues of the HFD group, the levels of ω-3 and ω-6 have decreased following the HFD. The study showed that Raman spectroscopy provided invaluable information at the molecular level for investigating lipid species remodeling and spatial mapping of adipose tissues during HFD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Architecture and function of yeast phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 domains/regions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase, which catalyzes the Mg<sup>2+</sup>-dependent dephosphorylation of PA to produce diacylglycerol, provides a direct precursor for the synthesis of the storage lipid triacylglycerol and the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The enzyme controlling the key phospholipid PA also plays a crucial role in diverse aspects of lipid metabolism and cell physiology. PA phosphatase is a peripheral membrane enzyme that is composed of multiple domains/regions required for its catalytic function and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the domains/regions of PA phosphatase from the yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> with reference to the homologous enzyme from mammalian cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8815,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388198124000970/pdfft?md5=c0bad1fd3e0858c472094011213bebc1&pid=1-s2.0-S1388198124000970-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}