北京大学学报（医学版）最新文献

{"title":"[Exosome derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevented bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency].","authors":"Chunhui Sheng, Xiao Zhang, Longwei Lv, Yongsheng Zhou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) exosomes on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) extracted from osteoporotic mice, and to evaluate the effect of hASCs exosomes on preventing bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hASCs exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The osteoporotic mice were established by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). BMSCs were isolated from osteo-porotic mice and cultured for further analysis. In the experimental group, these BMSCs were exposed to an osteogenic induction medium supplemented with hASCs exosomes to evaluate their potential effects on osteogenesis. In contrast, the control group was treated with the same osteogenic induction medium, but without the addition of hASCs exosomes, to serve as a baseline comparison for the study. To comprehensively assess the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs influenced by hASCs exosomes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity quantitative analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. These evaluations provided critical insights into the role of hASCs exosomes in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in osteoporotic conditions. The fluorescence labeled hASCs exosomes were injected <i>via</i> the tail vein to observe the biodistribution of exosomes. Two weeks after OVX, the mice were divided into three groups: The experimental group consisted of estrogen-deficient mice receiving hASCs exosome injections; the negative control group consisted of estrogen-deficient mice receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injections; and the positive control group consisted of mice that underwent Sham surgery and received PBS injections.The injections were administered once every 3 days, for a total of 8 injections. Afterward, the femurs were collected from the mice, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure bone mineral density and conduct bone morphometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hASCs exosomes were successfully extracted using ultracentrifugation. After the induction by hASCs exosomes, ALP staining and ALP activity in the BMSCs extracted from osteoporotic mice were significantly enhanced, the expression of osteogenesis related genes in BMSCs were significantly up-regulated. More trabecular bone and higher bone mineral density were observed in estrogen-deficient mice injected with hASCs exosomes compared with estrogen-deficient mice injected with PBS, and there was no significant decrease in bone mineral density compared with the Sham operation group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hASCs exosomes promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs extracted from osteoporotic mice. hASCs exosomes prevented bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Significance of precise classification of sacral meningeal cysts by multiple dimensions radiographic reconstruction MRI in guiding operative strategy and rehabilitation].","authors":"Jianjun Sun, Qianquan Ma, Xiaoliang Yin, Chenlong Yang, Jia Zhang, Suhua Chen, Chao Wu, Jingcheng Xie, Yunfeng Han, Guozhong Lin, Yu Si, Jun Yang, Haibo Wu, Qiang Zhao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To precise classify sacral meningeal cysts, effective guide minimally invasive neurosurgery and postoperative personalized rehabilitation by multiple dimensions radiographic reconstruction MRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From March to December 2021, based on the original 3D-fast imaging employing steadystate acquisition (FIESTA) scanning sequence, 92 patients with sacral meningeal cysts were pre-operatively evaluated by multiple dimensional reconstruction MRI. The shape of nerve root and the leakage of cyst were reconstructed according to the direction of nerve root or leakage track showed on original MRI scans. Sacral canal cysts were accurately classified as including nerve root and without nerve root, so as to accurately design the incision of skin and formulate corresponding open range of the posterior wall of the sacral canal. Under the microscope intraoperation, the shape of the nerve roots inside cysts or leakage track of the cysts without nerve roots were verified and explored. After the reinforcement and shaping operation, several reexaminations of multiple dimensional reconstruction MRI were performed to understand the deformation of the nerve root and hydrops in the operation cavity, so as to formulate a persona-lized rehabilitation plan for the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 92 patients with sacral mengingeal cyst, 58 (63.0%) cysts with nerve root cyst, 29 (31.5%) cysts without nerve root cyst, and 5 (5.4%) cysts with mixed sacral canal cyst. In 58 patients with nerve root cysts, the accuracy of preoperative clinical classification on MRI image reached 96.6% (56/58) through confirmation by operating microscope. Only 2 cases of large single cyst with nerve root on the head of cyst were mistaken for without nerve root type. In 29 patients with sacral cyst without nerve root, the accuracy of preoperative image reached 100% through confirmation by operating microscope. The accuracy of judging the internal nerve root and leakage of 12 cases with recurrent sacral cyst was also 100%. Two cases of delayed postoperative hydrops were found one month after operation. After rehabilitation treatment by moxibustion and bathing, the hydrops disappeared 4-6 months after operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple dimensional reconstruction MRI can precisely make clinical classification of sacral meningeal cysts before operation, guide minimally invasive neurosurgery effectively, and improve the rehabilitation effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"303-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biological activity and antitumor effect of long-acting recombinant human interleukin-2 drug].","authors":"Xuejun Liang, Fengxia Zhang, Ting Jin, Jingjing Zhu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the biological activity and antitumor effect of pegylated recombinant human interleukin 2 (PEG-rhIL-2) obtained by site-specific conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with non-natural amino acids, and to explore its antitumor mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The binding activities of PEG-rhIL-2 at three different sites (T41, Y45, and V91) to human interleukin 2 receptors α (IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;α&lt;/sub&gt;) and β (IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;β&lt;/sub&gt;) and were detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. Western blot was used to detect the levels of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (JAK-STAT5) signaling pathway activated by different doses of rhIL-2 and PEG-rhIL-2 in CTTL-2 and YT cells. Blood was collected after a single administration in mice to detect the drug concentration at different time points and evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2. Mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6, pancreatic cancer cell line Pan-02, and colon cancer cell line MC-38 were selected. Tumor models were constructed in C57BL/6 mice. Different doses of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 and excipient control were administrated respectively to evaluate the tumor suppression effect of the drug. In the MC-38 colon cancer model, the tumor suppression effect of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 combined with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody was evaluated. Hepa1-6 mouse tumor models were constructed and rhIL-2, Y45-rhIL-2 and Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 were administrated respectively. The proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The SPR detection results showed that the binding activities of PEG-rhIL-2 to IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;α&lt;/sub&gt;/IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;β&lt;/sub&gt; were both reduced. The affinity of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 to IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;α&lt;/sub&gt; was reduced to approximately 1/250, and its affinity to IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;β&lt;/sub&gt; was reduced to 1/3. Western blot results showed that the activity of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 in stimulating JAK-STAT5 signaling in CTLL-2 cells expressing heterotrimeric IL-2 receptor complex IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;αβγ&lt;/sub&gt;was reduced to approximately 1/300, while its activity in YT cells expressing heterodimeric IL-2 receptor complex IL-2R&lt;sub&gt;βγ&lt;/sub&gt;was reduced to approximately 1/3. The pharmacokinetic evaluation after a single dose in the mice showed that the elimination half-life of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 was 17.7 h. Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 has pharmacokinetic characteristics superior to those of rhIL-2. Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 showed dose-dependent tumor suppression activity, and the combination of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 and anti-PD-1 antibody had a better tumor-inhibiting effect than the single use of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2 or anti-PD-1 antibody. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that 72 h after the administration of Y45-PEG-rhIL-2, the proportion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells) increased by 86.84%. At 120 h after administration, the ratio of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells to regulatory T cells (Treg","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current status and influencing factors of kinesiophobia in patients with lumbar disc herniation after lumbar fusion surgery].","authors":"Lianlian Chen, Zhangying Cai, Linna Ye, Jie Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the current status of kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and to analyze its influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 489 LDH patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 and effectively filled out the tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) and other questionnaires on the first day after surgery were collected as the study subjects, the current status of kinesiophobia in LDH patients after lumbar fusion surgery were investigated using the TSK. The LDH patients were grouped into a kinesiophobia group (<i>n</i>=221) and a non kinesiophobia group (<i>n</i>=268) based on whether there was kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery. The self-designed general data questionnaires were used to collect data, and Logistic regression was applied to analyze independent risk factors for kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery in the LDH patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, 221 out of the 489 LDH patients (45.19%) had kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the phobic group and the non phobic group in terms of gender, education level, course of disease, whether there was hypoproteinemia, pain level, self-efficacy, social support, whether there was anxiety, and whether there was depression (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age, body mass index, monthly family income, marital status, residence, medical expense payment form, whether there was hypertension, whether there was diabetes, whether there was cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, whether there was respiratory disease, whether there was surgery experience, whether there was anemia, work conditions, and responsibility segments (<i>P</i>>0.05). Male (95%<i>CI</i>: 3.289-10.586, <i>P</i> < 0.001), education level below undergraduate level (95%<i>CI</i>: 6.533-45.162, <i>P</i> < 0.001), severe pain (95%<i>CI</i>: 10.348-72.025, <i>P</i> < 0.001), moderate pain (95%<i>CI</i>: 6.247-37.787, <i>P</i> < 0.001), low self-efficacy (95%<i>CI</i>: 4.238-15.095, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and medium self-efficacy (95%<i>CI</i>: 2.804-8.643, <i>P</i> < 0.001) were influencing factors for kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery in the patients with LDH (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of kinesiophobia after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with LDH is high, and its influencing factors include gender, education level, pain level, and self-efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"317-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of CMTM6 on PD-L1 in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infected gastric epithelial cells].","authors":"Wei Fu, Jing Ning, Weiwei Fu, Jing Zhang, Shigang Ding","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To explore the changes of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in gastric mucosal epithelial cells after &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection and the regulation of CMTM6 on PD-L1, and to analyze the mRNA expression differences before and after &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knock-out in &lt;i&gt;helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infected gastric epithelial cells by microarray analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The standard &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; strain ATCC 26695 was co-cultured with human gastric epithelial cell GES-1 for 6, 24 and 48 hours, and the mRNA and protein levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to construct &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout plasmid and knockout &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene of GES-1 cells. &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; was co-cultured with &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout and wild type GES-1 cells for 48 hours to detect PD-L1 transcription and protein level changes, and &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout GES-1 cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 to detect the changes in PD-L1 protein levels. Agilent Human ceRNA Microarray 2019 was used to detect the differentially expressed genes in &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout and wild-type GES-1 cells co-cultured with Hp for 48 hours, and the signal pathway of differentially expressed genes enrichment was analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mRNA and protein levels of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in GES-1 cells were significantly up-regulated after &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection, and &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; mRNA was most significantly up-regulated 48 hours after infection. After &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout, the &lt;i&gt;CD274&lt;/i&gt; gene transcription level of &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infected GES-1 cells did not change significantly, but PD-L1 protein level was significantly down-regulated, and the PD-L1 level increased after the application of proteasome inhibitor MG-132. After &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout, 67 genes had more than two times of differential expression. The transcription levels of &lt;i&gt;TMEM68&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;FERMT3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;GPR142&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ATP6V1FNB&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;NOV&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;UBE2S&lt;/i&gt; and other genes were significantly down-regulated. The transcription levels of &lt;i&gt;PCDHGA6&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CAMKMT&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PDIA2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;NTRK3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SPOCK1&lt;/i&gt; and other genes were significantly up-regulated. After &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) gene expression was significantly down-regulated, which might affect protein ubiquitination degradation. After &lt;i&gt;CMTM6&lt;/i&gt; gene knockout, adrenoceptor alpha 1B (ADRA1B), cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1 (M1), CHRM1, platelet activating factor receptor (PTAFR) gene expression was significantly up-regulated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection up-regulates the expression level of CMTM6 in gastric mucosa cells, and CMTM6 can stabi","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A case report].","authors":"Ju Yang, Yue Liu, Chunna Qu, Jianbin Sun, Tianying Li, Lianjie Shi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteonecrosis of the mandible is also called avascular necrosis of the jaw, and it is a rare complication of bisphosphonates. It is characterized with pain, swelling, exposure of bone, local infection and pathologic fractures of the jaw. With the widespread usage of bisphosphonates in bone metastasis of malignant tumors and osteoporosis, this rare complication has received more attention in recent years. Here, we reported a case of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) caused by intravenous zoledronic acid for osteoporosis. A 62-year-old female patient with 7-year history of Sjögren's syndrome and 3-year history of osteoporosis developed BRONJ after 3-year treatment of zoledronic acid. Two months before she went to the Peking University International Hospital, she visited the dentist for periodontal purulent secretion and extracted one tooth from the right mandible. However, the condition was not improved and she felt persistent pain and swelling in the right mandible. Hence, she received repeated root curettage, but there was no improvement. Finally, she was diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the mandible based on the digital volume tomography scan, which showed right mandibular osteonecrosis bone destruction. She underwent surgical debridement of the necrotic bone and administered intravenous antibio-tics at the Peking University International Hospital. Histopathological analysis of the bone biopsy further confirmed the diagnosis of BRONJ. Her condition was improved successfully during a 3-year follow-up. Osteonecrosis of the mandible become more common with the increased use of bisphosphonates. Recent study has reported that osteonecrosis of the mandible is more likely to occur in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, age, long-term and irregular administration of glucocorticoids, irregular oral examination and treatment also might be the risk factors in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the mandible. For the elder osteoporosis patients who would receive or had received bisphosphonate-related drugs, oral health status and the disease states associated with necrosis of the mandible such as Sjögren's syndrome should be comprehensively measured and fully evaluated during the whole process. Furthermore, to better understand and prevent or reduce the occurrence of this complication, we reviewed the patho-genesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BRONJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"388-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Change of plasma level of valine and its relationship with developmental quotient in children with autism].","authors":"Xinjie Xu, Xiaoe Cai, Fanchao Meng, Bo Long, Xin You, Rong Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the differences of plasma valine level between autistic and healthy children, and to explore the relationship between plasma valine level and developmental quotient in children with autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 29 autistic children and 30 typically developing children of the same age range were recruited as the autistic group and the control group. The childhood autism rating scale (CARS) was used to assess autistic core symptoms and severity in the autistic children. Children's developmental quotient was evaluated by Gesell developmental schedules (GDS), and plasma valine level was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The correlation between plasma valine level and developmental quotient scores in the autistic group was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plasma level of valine in the autism group was significantly lower than in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Children in the autism group got significantly lower scores in the adaption, gross motor, fine motor, language function and personal/social function subscales in GDS than in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.000 1). Plasma valine level in the autism group showed significant positive correlations with scores of the fine motor (<i>r</i>=0.441, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and personal/social function (<i>r</i>=0.437, <i>P</i> < 0.05) subscales in GDS, but showed no significant correlations with scores of the adaption, gross motor and language function subscales in GDS (<i>P</i>>0.05). According to the criteria of CARS, children in the autism group were subdivided into the mild to moderate subgroup and the severe subgroup based on the severity of the autistic symptoms. Compared with children in the mild to moderate subgroup, children in the severe subgroup got significantly lower scores in the adaption, fine motor, language function and personal/social function subscales in GDS (<i>P</i> < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two subgroups in gross motor scores and plasma valine level (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of valine in plasma of autistic children is relatively lower, and there is a certain relationship between plasma valine level and the fine movement and personal/social function among children with autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"277-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Three-dimensional finite element analysis of digital wire loop space maintainers for missing deciduous teeth].","authors":"Lijuan Ma, Yonghui Teng, Yong Wang, Yijiao Zhao, Xinyue Zhang, Qingzhao Qin, Dong Yin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of a digital wire loop space maintainer for the mandible and primary tooth loss, in order to investigate the stress, deformation, and shear force experienced by patients with the loss of the second primary molar when wearing the wire loop space maintainer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed on the patients to create a digital model of the mandible with the absence of the second primary molar using Mimics 21.0 software. A digital model integrating the crown's retention and the wire loop structure of the full crown and ring wire loop space maintainer was constructed using pediatric space maintainer design software, utilizing three different materials: cobalt-chromium alloy, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and titanium alloy. In ANSYS Work Beach 2023 R2 software, vertical loads of 70 N, tilted 45° along the long axis of the tooth loads of 70 N, and a 10 N load on the surface of the wire loop were applied to the occlusal surfaces of models 46 and 84, simulating centric and lateral occlusions during chewing with the wire loop space maintainer in place. The stress states of the wire loop space maintainer and supporting teeth were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under various loading conditions, the maximum principal stress of the ring wire loop space maintainer was significantly lower than that of the full crown. Stress contour maps indicated that the peak of the maximum principal stress occurred at the junction of the wire loop and crown structure, indicating that this area was more susceptible to fracture. The ring wire loop space maintainer made from PEEK material exhibited the lowest maximum shear stress on the internal organizational surfaces, with equivalent stresses of 23.18 MPa and 36.35 MPa for models 46 and 84, respectively. Stress contour maps demonstrated that the maximum stress on tooth 46 was located at its mesial, while the maximum stress on tooth 84 was situated near the root area on its distal, in contact with the wire loop space maintainer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of second primary molar loss, wearing the digital ring wire loop space maintainer can effectively distribute stress, and the ring wire loop space maintainer made from PEEK material reduces the stress experienced by supporting teeth to some extent, demonstrating its superiority in clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optical coherence tomography angiography and microvessel density quantification in penumbra after traumatic brain injury in rats].","authors":"Peng Zhong, Xiaodan Hu, Zhenzhou Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe the dynamic changes of microvascular injury and repair in the penumbra of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats with effective cerebral perfusion microvascular imaging using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transparent closed cranial windows were placed in craniotomy rats after TBI caused by weight drop. All the rats in TBI group and control group underwent head MRI examination on the first postoperative day, and the changes of cerebral cortical microvessel density were measured by OCTA through cranial windows on d0, d2, d4, d6, and d8. On the second day after the operation, the same number of rats in the two groups were selected to complete the immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue with pimonidazole, an indicator of hypoxia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRI T2W1 and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that edema and hypoxia in the traumatic brain tissue extended deeply throughout the entire cortex. OCTA showed that the cortical surface veins of the rats in both groups were significantly dilated and tortuous after operation, and recovered to the postoperative day level on d8. The effective perfusion microvessel density of the rats in both groups gradually recovered after a temporary decrease, and the TBI group decreased from 39.38%±4.48% on d0 to 27.84%±6.01% on d2, which was significantly lower than that on d0, d6, and d8 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The highest value was 61.71%±7.69% on d8, which was significantly higher than that on d0, d2, and d4 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The control group decreased from 44.59%±7.78% on d0 to 36.69%±5.49% on d2, which was significantly lower than that on d0, d6, and d8 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The highest value was 51.92%±5.96% on d8, which was significantly higher than that on d2, and d4 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Comparing the two groups, the effective perfusion microvessel density in the TBI group was significantly lower than that in the control group on d2 (<i>P</i>=0.021), and significantly higher than that in the control group on d8 (<i>P</i>=0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCTA can be used as a method of imaging and measurement of effective perfusion microvessels in the injured cerebral cortex of TBI rats. After TBI, the effective perfusion microvessel density in the wound penumbra gradually recovered after decreasing, and increased significantly on d8.</p>","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"262-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biocompatibility of 3D printed biodegradable WE43 magnesium alloy scaffolds and treatment of bone defects].","authors":"Shuyuan Min, Yun Tian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the biocompatibility of porous WE43 magnesium alloy scaffolds manufactured by 3D printing technology and to observe its effect in treating femoral defects in New Zealand white rabbits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; cytotoxicity test was performed using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague Dawley (S-D) rats. According to the different culture media, the cells were divided into 100% extract group, 50% extract group, 10% extract group and control group. After culturing for 1, 3 and 7 days, the cell activity of each group was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). In the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiment, 3.0-3.5 kg New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: Experimental group, bone cement group and blank group, with 9 rabbits in each group. Each rabbit underwent surgery on the left lateral femoral condyle, and a bone defect with a diameter of 5 mm and a depth of 6 mm was created using a bone drill. The experimental group was implanted with WE43 magnesium alloy scaffolds, the bone cement group was implanted with calcium sulfate bone cement, and the blank group was not implanted. Then 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, 3 rabbits in each group were euthanized by carbon dioxide anesthesia, and the femur and important internal organs were sampled. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning was performed on the left lateral femoral condyle. Sections of important internal organs were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Hard tissue sections were made from the left lateral femoral condyle and stained with methylene blue acid fuchsin and observed under a microscope.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the cytotoxicity test, the cell survival rate in the 100% extract group was higher than that in the control group (140.56% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 100.00%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) on 1 day of culture; there was no statistically significant difference (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05) in cell survival rate among the groups on 3 days of culture; the cell survival rate in the 100% extract group was lower than that in the control group (68.64% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 100.00%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) on 7 days of culture. Micro-CT scanning in the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; experiment found that most of the scaffolds in the experimental group had been degraded in 4 weeks, with very few high-density scaffolds remaining. In 12 weeks, there was no obvious stent outline. In 4 weeks, a certain amount of gas was generated around the WE43 magnesium alloy scaffold, and the gas was significantly reduced from 8 to 12 weeks. Hard tissue sections showed that a certain amount of extracellular matrix and osteoid were generated around the scaffolds in the experimental group in 4 weeks. In the bone cement group, most of the calcium sulfate bone cement had been degraded. In 8 weeks, the osteoid around the scaffold and its degradation products in the experimental group increased significantly. In 12 weeks, new bone was in contact with the scaffold","PeriodicalId":8790,"journal":{"name":"北京大学学报（医学版）","volume":"57 2","pages":"309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}