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The Disadvantages of Aggregate Deductibles 综合免赔额的缺点
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1055
Alma Cohen
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引用次数: 0
Quality and Consumer Choice in Healthcare: Evidence from Kidney Transplantation. 医疗保健质量和消费者选择：来自肾移植的证据。
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1349
David H Howard
{"title":"Quality and Consumer Choice in Healthcare: Evidence from Kidney Transplantation.","authors":"David H Howard","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1349","DOIUrl":"10.2202/1538-0653.1349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most studies of competition in health care focus on prices and costs, but concerns about quality play a central role in policy debates. If demand is inelastic to quality, then competition may reduce patient welfare. This study uses a dataset of patient registrations for kidney transplantation in conjunction with a mixed logit model to gauge consumers' responsiveness to quality when choosing hospitals. Results indicate that at the hospital level, a one-standard deviation increase in the graft-failure rate is associated with a 6% decline in patient registrations. Privately-insured patients are more responsive to quality than Medicare patients, suggesting that insurers consider quality when contracting with providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"5 1","pages":"1349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408385/pdf/nihms36941.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27472288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Searching For Better Prospects: Endogenizing Falling Job Tenure and Private Pension Coverage 寻找更好的前景:内化下降的工作任期和私人养老金覆盖率
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1500
Leora Friedberg, Michael T. Owyang, Tara M. Sinclair
{"title":"Searching For Better Prospects: Endogenizing Falling Job Tenure and Private Pension Coverage","authors":"Leora Friedberg, Michael T. Owyang, Tara M. Sinclair","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent declines in job tenure have coincided with a shift away from traditional defined benefit (DB) pensions, which reward long tenure. New evidence also points to an increase in job-to-job movements by workers, and we document gains in relative wages of job-to-job movers over a similar period. We develop a search model in which firms may offer tenure-based contracts like DB pensions to reduce the incidence of costly on-the-job search by workers. Either reduced search costs or an increase in the probability of job matches can, under fairly general conditions, lower the value of deterring search and the use of DB pensions.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Media Competition on the Internet 互联网媒体竞争
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2005-01-05 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1343
P. Barros, Hans Jarle Kind, T. Nilssen, Lars Sørgard
{"title":"Media Competition on the Internet","authors":"P. Barros, Hans Jarle Kind, T. Nilssen, Lars Sørgard","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1343","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present a model of competition between two advertising-financed media firms when consumers dislike advertising. We apply the model to analyze competition between Internet portals and find that equilibrium prices of advertising are higher the less differentiated the portals are perceived to be. Moreover, we find that the portals' aggregate profit increases if they integrate vertically with advertisers. This is true even if there is perfect competition between advertisers for advertising space. But if the portals are close substitutes, then it is profitable for one of the portals not to combine with an advertiser, and we end up with an asymmetric equilibrium with only one vertical merger - despite aggregate profits being higher with two.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Estimating Productivity When Primal and Dual TFP Accounting Fail: An Illustration Using Singapore's Industries 原始和双重全要素生产率会计失效时的生产率估计:以新加坡工业为例
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-10-26 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1193
H. Kee
{"title":"Estimating Productivity When Primal and Dual TFP Accounting Fail: An Illustration Using Singapore's Industries","authors":"H. Kee","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For both primal and dual TFP growth accounting to properly account for productivity growth, assumptions of constant returns to scale and perfect competition are necessary. This paper shows that without these assumptions, while both TFP growth accounting measures remain equal if factor shares are constant, they are also equally bad at measuring productivity growth. This paper proposes a structural regression to estimate productivity growth based on more general production and cost functions. Using Singapore's industries as illustrations, this paper finds that the assumptions are widely rejected, and the estimated productivity growth exceeds both the accounting measures. When the same methodology is applied to the aggregate Singapore data, the estimated productivity growth is 4.4 percent per year, significantly higher than that of Young's (1992) and Hsieh's (2002).","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68557952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Public Venture Capital, Occupational Choice, and Entrepreneurship 公共风险投资、职业选择与企业家精神
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-10-26 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1346
Oana Secrieru, M. Vigneault
{"title":"Public Venture Capital, Occupational Choice, and Entrepreneurship","authors":"Oana Secrieru, M. Vigneault","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1346","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New businesses face constraints in the form of limited access to capital and managerial expertise. Many governments have developed public venture capital programs for the purpose of easing these constraints and assisting young firms in generating growth in output and employment. The paper develops a model that incorporates occupational choice and informational asymmetries with regard to the ability of entrepreneurs and supply of effort, and determines the optimal supply of entrepreneurship, financial assistance, and managerial advice provided by a public venture capital program.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Substance Use and Adolescent Sexual Behavior 药物使用与青少年性行为之间关系的种族、民族和性别差异
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-09-24 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1283
Susan L. Averett, D. Rees, Brian Duncan, Laura M. Argys
{"title":"Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Substance Use and Adolescent Sexual Behavior","authors":"Susan L. Averett, D. Rees, Brian Duncan, Laura M. Argys","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1283","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous researchers have noted that the positive correlation between substance use and sexual behavior is stronger for white adolescents than for their black and Hispanic counterparts. Using an instrumental variables approach to control for the possible endogeneity of substance use, and data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate the effects of alcohol and marijuana use on the probability of being sexually active by race, ethnicity, and gender. Our results suggest that there exist potentially important racial, ethnic and gender differences in the relationship between substance use and sexual behavior. This information may be valuable for policymakers interested in reducing sexual activity among teens.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
The Selection Effects (and Lack Thereof) in Patent Litigation: Evidence from Trials 专利诉讼中的选择效应(及其缺失):来自审判的证据
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-09-13 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1226
Alan C. Marco
{"title":"The Selection Effects (and Lack Thereof) in Patent Litigation: Evidence from Trials","authors":"Alan C. Marco","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a selection corrected probit, I estimate the probability that patents will be found valid and infringed at trial. I combine for the first time detailed adjudication data with detailed patent data. I find that the selection effects for validity adjudications and infringement adjudications differ systematically. Additionally, infringement estimates do not appear to suffer from a substantial selection bias. The results highlight the importance of correctly specifying the selection mechanism in policy analysis. In contrast with previous studies, I find that the win rate for patents that go to trial is biased towards 50%. The bias is much more substantial for validity decisions, where I find unconditional win rates of 75% for adjudicated patents and 85% for matched patents. Win rates conditional on adjudication are below 60%.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Political Feasibility of Pension Reforms 养老金改革的政治可行性
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-09-08 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1162
Silke Uebelmesser
{"title":"Political Feasibility of Pension Reforms","authors":"Silke Uebelmesser","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impending demographic crisis calls for fundamental reforms of old-age security. In a democracy, however, reforms require the support of the majority. A reform that aims at reducing the size of unfunded pension systems is supported by the young and opposed by the old. As long as the young have the majority, this reform is feasible; as soon as society becomes a gerontocracy, there is risk of further expansion. We determine for Germany, France and Italy the latest point in time at which a majority is in favour of a reform. For this, we calculate for each year the “indifference age” as the age of the cohort that is not affected by the reform and the “median age” as the age of the politically decisive cohort. In Germany, a reform can be democratically enforced until 2012. France becomes a gerontocracy in 2014 and Italy as early as 2006.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68556628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
HIV Testing: a Trojan Horse? 艾滋病毒检测:特洛伊木马?
Topics in economic analysis & policy Pub Date : 2004-08-09 DOI: 10.2202/1538-0653.1261
Stéphane Mechoulan
{"title":"HIV Testing: a Trojan Horse?","authors":"Stéphane Mechoulan","doi":"10.2202/1538-0653.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0653.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The consequences of HIV testing are unclear. Some infected individuals, assuming they behave selfishly, would tend to increase their number of partners. Meanwhile, non-infected ones or those ignorant of their status would decrease theirs, the result of which, on the equilibrium level of infection, is uncertain. Simulations from a simple dynamic model show how to generate the Philipson-Posner conjecture, i.e., that disclosure of HIV status may result in higher disease prevalence. In this benchmark case, testing would also lower welfare. Those results, however, appear to be fragile. In particular, very little altruism seems needed for testing to become beneficial, and the public health literature tells us that a large proportion of individuals behave altruistically when tested positive and appropriately counseled. Beyond the mere availability of testing, the findings further suggest combining existing prevention measures with universal or mandatory testing to help eradicate the disease.","PeriodicalId":87841,"journal":{"name":"Topics in economic analysis & policy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1538-0653.1261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68558330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
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