Microbe (Washington, D.C.)最新文献

{"title":"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Efficacy in the Treatment of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Niayesh Mohebbi, Arash Kalantar Mehrjardi, Maryam Mousavi, Maryam Taghizadeh-Ghehi, Mahya Rezaie, Zahra Hooshyari, Faezeh Gholamian, Fatemeh Mohammadian","doi":"10.5812/ijpr-134722","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijpr-134722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is one of the most common movement disorders in approximately 20 - 35% of patients on antipsychotic medications. Managing the symptoms of DIP is challenging due to the limited number of potentially effective medications. On the other hand, this restricted possible treatment could have numerous side effects that ultimately result in patients stopping the medication all at once. The neuroprotective property of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract (EGb) emerged as an effective commodity for the additional treatment of psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EGb in psychiatric patients with symptoms of DIP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 63 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Both groups were followed for 3 months. One group received 80 mg of <i>G. biloba</i> three times a day, and the control group received a placebo. The patients were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Ginkgo</i> could change the intensity of rest tremors, the severity of motor symptoms, rigidity, and bradykinesia. <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> might alleviate the severity of parkinsonism and motor symptoms and could lead to changes in the two components of working memory and short-term memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract can be used as an effective and safe treatment in the management of DIP, whether in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders or mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"5 1","pages":"e134722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10728830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy Of Levetiracetam Versus Phenytoin As A Second-Line Antiepileptic Drug In The Management Of Benzodiazepine-Refractory Status Epilepticus Among Children.","authors":"Babar Naeem, Mommna Ashfaq, Mamoon Akbar Qureshi","doi":"10.55519/JAMC-03-11897","DOIUrl":"10.55519/JAMC-03-11897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Status Epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological emergency requiring appropriate therapy to terminate seizure activity. SE is managed with supportive measures and ultra-short-acting benzodiazepines. However, limited data is available in the paediatric population regarding the next best option when this fails. This study aimed at finding new data to recommend levetiracetam or phenytoin as the second-line option.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and thirty-seven patients with status epilepticus were randomized into two groups; group-I was given IV Levetiracetam (LEV) at 20 mg/kg/dose over 5 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 20mg/kg/dose BID, whereas Group II received phenytoin at 20mg/kg IV loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of 5-8 mg/kg/day divided BID. The primary outcome was seizure cessation, defined as the termination of the apparent convulsion 30 min after the administration of phenytoin or levetiracetam. Secondary outcomes were the use of different anti-convulsants for continued management, admittance to critical treatment, and severe adverse events (including mortality, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rash, airway problems, cardiovascular instability, extravasation, and severe agitation). Data was recorded via a clinical proforma and was analyzed by SPSS software version 25. All numerical data were expressed in mean±SD forms, and frequency was determined for qualitative baseline data. Secondary outcomes were tested through the χ2 test, A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Levetiracetam terminated seizures in 94% of children compared to 77% in those treated with phenytoin. The mean time to seizure termination was 19.94±3.76 minutes for the LEV Group as compared to 23.791±9.1 min for the PHT group. (p=0.046). Regarding safety, a profile study shows LEV has fewer and less severe side effects compared to Phenytoin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Levetiracetam is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment as a second-line antiepileptic drug in the management of status epilepticus.</p>","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"5 1","pages":"410-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Places: the Relationship between Neighborhood Quality and Preterm Births to Black Women in Oakland, California (2007-2011).","authors":"Rachel L Berkowitz, Mahasin Mujahid, Michelle Pearl, Victor Poon, Carolina K Reid, Amani M Allen","doi":"10.1007/s11524-022-00624-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11524-022-00624-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black women have the highest incidence of preterm birth (PTB). Upstream factors, including neighborhood context, may be key drivers of this increased risk. This study assessed the relationship between neighborhood quality, defined by the Healthy Places Index, and PTB among Black women who lived in Oakland, California, and gave birth between 2007 and 2011 (N = 5418 women, N = 107 census tracts). We found that, compared with those living in lower quality neighborhoods, women living in higher quality neighborhoods had 20-38% lower risk of PTB, independent of confounders. Findings have implications for place-based research and interventions to address racial inequities in PTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"9 1","pages":"492-505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9187821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85731472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviews and Resources:Zoonoses: Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans (4th ed.): BOOKS","authors":"C. Stadtländer","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.452.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.452.1","url":null,"abstract":"Issues surrounding transmissions of infectious agents from animals (wild and domestic) to humans have become an increasingly important topic of discussions not only among clinicians and scientists but also in the general public. A search in the PubMed data base (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) using the key word “zoonoses” reveals a significant increase in publications over the years. For example, as of June 1, 2016, an astounding 1,338 papers have been published on zoonoses in 2015 alone, compared to 836, 537, and 362 papers in 2010, 2005, and 2000, respectively. It is therefore not surprising that existing books about zoonoses need to be frequently updated in order to provide readers with information about the most recent research findings and developments in this field.","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"11 1","pages":"452-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviews and Resources:Infections of Leisure, 4th edition: BOOKS","authors":"M. Schaechter","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.451.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.451.2","url":null,"abstract":"What a happy title! This book could have been called “The Wages of Sin” or something equally judgmental. It deals with the microbial penalties that may accompany such pleasurable activities as ocean cruising, immersing in hot tubs, camping, or having pets. Even taking your kids to the petting zoo may come at a cost. And never mind such items as body piercing and tattoos, or, as one chapter says: “Sexually Transmitted Diseases: From Boudoir to Bordello.”","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"101 7 1","pages":"451-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/MICROBE.11.451.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika Genome Sequences Set for Diagnostic, Vaccine Development Purposes","authors":"D. Holzman","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.417.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.417.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus strains fall into two major genetic lineages—one African, the other Asian—based on recent genome sequencing analysis, according to Young-Min Lee of Utah State University, Logan, and his collaborators. “Studies are currently underway at Utah State University to examine the functional importance of the genetic variation on viral replication and pathogenesis,” he says. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated another Zika isolate as a reference strain for use in diagnosis. Its sequence was determined by Sally Baylis of the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut in Langen, Germany, and her collaborators. Details appeared online in Genome Announcements, August 18 and September 1, 2016, respectively (doi:10.1128/genomeA.00917–16, and doi:10.1128/genomeA.00800–16).","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"11 1","pages":"417-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Sediments—an Enormous but Underappreciated Microbial Habitat: Modeling proves essential in efforts to understand the estimated 3×1029 microbial cells that comprise this unusual ecosystem","authors":"J. Amend, D. LaRowe","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.427.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.427.1","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean—on average, under 3,700 m of water. At the seafloor is a blanket of unconsolidated sediment consisting of continental detritus; particulate organic matter; silica- and carbonate-rich, biologically produced hard materials; and void spaces filled with saline fluids of wide-ranging chemistries. Near the continents, especially where relief is high and physical weathering is prominent, the sediment thickness can measure more than 10 km. However, underneath the oligotrophic open ocean gyres, it can be less than 0.1 km, even on seafloor that is tens of millions of years old, and parts of the ocean floor, especially the mid-ocean ridges, young ridge flanks, and ubiquitous seamounts, are naked or covered by only a thin veneer of sediment.","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"11 1","pages":"427-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/MICROBE.11.427.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing Bacteria as They Develop Antibiotic Resistance in Vitro","authors":"Marcia Stone","doi":"10.1128/microbe.11.418.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/microbe.11.418.1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria depends on a dynamic growth process, involving a program that is far more complex than mere emergence of mutants with higher resistance than their predecessor strains, according to Roy Kishony of Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Mass., and his collaborators. This conclusion is based on viewing how cells change while growing on “microbial evolution and growth arena (MEGA)” plates, following those cells as they spread along large plates containing antibiotics as well as nutrients. Details appeared 9 September 2016 in Science (doi:10.1126/science.aag0822).","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"11 1","pages":"418-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Suggests Habitat, Lifestyle for Last Universal Common Ancestor","authors":"B. Digregorio","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.415.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.415.1","url":null,"abstract":"The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) apparently was a thermophilic, anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing microorganism, according to William F. Martin from the Institute of Molecular Evolution at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, in Dusseldorf, Germany, and his collaborators. Their findings support the theory of an autotrophic origin of life involving the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in a hydrothermal setting. Details appeared July 25, 2016 in Nature Microbiology (doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.116).","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"16 1","pages":"415-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63641607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Last of the Great Potterers: Would it be possible today for one inspired individual to make major contributions across a range of different scientific specialties?","authors":"B. Dixon","doi":"10.1128/MICROBE.11.412.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/MICROBE.11.412.1","url":null,"abstract":"As a swan song (goodbye, readers!), I thought this month I would discuss one of my little-known scientific heroes. In doing so, I shall be looking backwards but also forwards to 2020, the centenary of his richly deserved but rarely celebrated Nobel Prize.","PeriodicalId":87479,"journal":{"name":"Microbe (Washington, D.C.)","volume":"11 1","pages":"412-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1128/MICROBE.11.412.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63642009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}