Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in social interaction spaces of proposed public library Gwagwalada, Abuja- Nigeria","authors":"M. Yahaya, A. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on preference of Public Library users on information and communication technology (ICT) facilities that matches user social activities in the library. It also proffers means of integrating such factors in social interaction spaces of proposed Public library Gwagwalada, Abuja to enhance user experience and meet the digital age. Libraries began incorporating ICT facilities since the advent of technology but without considering the facilities that matches user activity in such spaces. The analysis is based on data collected through observation and questionnaire survey addressed to users and staff of three public libraries and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel analytical software. The results show that Group Creative Collaborative space is more preferred by users while very few users prefer Small Group Collaborative space. Responses indicate that users prefer group studies to interact. Also “Between Individual and Individual spaces”, majority of public library users prefer Internet Facilities which appears to have mean of (3.8371) while very few prefer Video Conferencing with mean of (2.8708).  It also reveals that, in “Between Group and Group space” majority of public library users prefer Mailing List with mean of (3.7247) while very few users prefer Video Conferencing with mean of (3.0955) and “Between Group and Object space” majority of the users prefer Digitalized Library Structure with mean 0f (3.6180) while very few users prefer interactive floor (iFloor) with mean of (3.1292).In conclusion ICT has high potential for encouraging social interaction, in public spaces, thus connecting the society and provides access points to information and supports education. The study revealed the current situation on the issues investigated which can be relied on in future studies or decision making. Essentially, the study produced findings that researchers can apply or validate subsequent similar researches.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90204641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity and toxicological evaluation of Anogeissusleiocarpus and Psidium guajava on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"S. Yabo, S. Manga, A. Baki, R. F. Atata, S. Gambo, H. Tahir","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activities and toxicological evaluation of Anogeissusleiocarpus and Psidiumguajava on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples. The plants leaves were extracted using Hexane, Methanol, Ethanol and Water. Various concentrations (50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25mg/ml) of the crude extract of the plants were prepared and their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli was determined using Agar well (Diffusion) method. Toxicity of the plants was evaluated, acute toxicity test, kidney and liver function tests. The result revealed that at 50mg/ml concentration, the leaf extract of Psidiumguajava was active against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli exhibiting the highest zones of inhibition of 19mm and 9mm respectively. Whereas The leaf extract of Anogeissusleiocarpus only inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus recording highest zone of inhibition of 15mm at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The plant extracts were found to be non-toxic as the LD50  was above 5000mg/kg and the biochemical parameters evaluated for both liver and kidney function tests revealed values that are within normal range. Hence the study established that consumption of the leaves of P.guajava for medicinal purpose can be said to be innocuous, as such the plant could be regarded as a potential candidate in the search of potent and harmless plants of therapeutic value.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment of heavy metals from pesticides use in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Bawa, A. Ahmad, J.N. Ahmad, A. Ezra","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals bioaccumulation in agricultural crops fumigated with pesticides has growninto a major concern globally. This study assessed heavy metals concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) in commonly consumed crops and their corresponding soil from agricultural farm lands in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the studied crops ranged from 0.17-100.75, 0.17-54.33, 0.83-28.75, 0.17-5.50, 0.5-0.5mg/kg for Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd respectively. The trend of heavy metals in the crops were in decreasing order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd and their concentrations varied in different parts of the crops. The mean concentration of Cd, Pb, and Cr in the studiedcrops were above the WHO, (2019) permissible limits and therefore a call for concern. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the soil varied from 0.5-0.5, 2.50-13.83, 3.67-5.75, 11.83-26.33, and 41-89.50 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn respectively and were below the UNEP, (2013) permissible limits for agricultural soil. The result showed that Pb had the highest transfer factor (1.91) in (Capsicum annuum) and Zn had theleast. Similarly, the result revealed high Pollution index value for Pb compared to other metals. Hazard quotient and Hazard index of all the crops were less than 1; thus the consumption of these crops is unlikely to pose health risks to the target population. However, the result showed health risk from daily intake of some of the studied crops for Pb ((Brassica oleracea, Lactucasativus, Zea mays, Spinaciaoleracea, and Capsicum annuum). Hence, regular monitoring and screening of pesticides for heavy metals should be employed by government agencies.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84528598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field accumulation and translocation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from industrial soil by the biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas","authors":"Z. Abdullahi, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of Jatropha curcas, a non-edible biodiesel plant, which tolerates harsh environments was collected from an industrial area with high anthropogenic activities (Challawa Industrial area, Kano, Nigeria)and sorted into leaves, stems and roots. The aim is to assess the potentials of Jatropha curcas in accumulation and translocation of six Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) from the soil media. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to assess the concentrations. The bioaccumulation/ transfer of metals from roots to shoots and from soil to roots were evaluated in terms of translocation (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF). TF values of 1.02, 4.92, 2.68, 3.73, 1.5 and 3.19 for Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni respectively indicate that J. curcas was efficient in translocation of PTEs from roots to shoots. This is an indication that the plant is therefore suitable for phytoextraction of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni. But CF value of 0.66 and 0.70 for Cu and Pb on the other hand shows that J. curcas is less able to translocate these two metals (Cu and Pb) indicating ineffective transfer. This show that J. curcas may be suitable a candidate for phytostabilization of Copper and lead in contaminated soils in the study area.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84417468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential of Khayasenegalensis in phytoremediation of heavy metals under borehole water and tannery effluent irrigation","authors":"A. Zakari, A. Audu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Khayasenegalensis was planted on soil irrigated with tannery effluent and borehole water for duration of three months. Plant samples were collected after harvest and soil samples were collected before planting and after harvesting. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the planting media and plant tissues. The aim was to establish the phytoremediation potential of Khayasenegalensis under these conditions. After harvesting, a noticeable decrease in the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu Ni, Pb and Zn in the media was observed from the initial values. The highest levels of Cd (5.53±0.56mg/kg), Cr (13.99±0.82mg/kg), Pb(10.6110.61±0.57mg/kg, Ni (8.33±2.78mg/kg)and Zn(25.72±0.00 mg/kg) accumulation were found in the roots, whereas the highest Cu (7.29±1.80mg/kg) concentrations was observed in the shoot. The roots of Khayasenegalensis were found to be suitable for the phytostabilization heavy metals in both the tannery effluent and borehole water irrigated media. In addition, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb mainly accumulated in the Khayasenegalensisroots. The results of translocation factors (TF) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Khayasenegalensis for heavy metals revealed that Khayasenegalensis is an excluder plant for Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn and a potential accumulator plant for Cu serving as an ideal remediation plant for this metal. Furthermore, the increasing heavy metal contents in soil that have been irrigated with tannery effluent resulted in the accumulation of these metals inKhayasenegalensis.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78732048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Albizia ferruginea (Fabaceae) leaves extract","authors":"A. Yusuf, B. Abdullahi, I. Abdulaziz","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill and Perr) which belongs to the family of Fabaceae were studied. Phytochemical studies on the plant leaves showed that they contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate. Methanol extract of Albizia ferruginea showed growth inhibitory effects of varying degrees on S. feacalis, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, Shigella dysentriae and Klebsiella pneumonia but was not active on Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined for the organisms whose growths were inhibited. The extract had MIC of 3.25mg/ml for S. feacalis, S. paratyphi, S. dysentriae and K. pneumoniae respectively. The antimicrobial studies of the extracts really justify the numerous folkloric uses of the plant parts in the treatment of some common ailments such as diarrhea, dysentery, fever, cough, pain and skin infections.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77885168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-trypanosomal activity of crude and nano-conjugated ethanol stem bark extracts of Sterculia setigera in mice","authors":"M. Abdulrazaq, H. Adeyemi, A. Abdulkareem, M. T. Bankole, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to screen for anti-trypanosomal activities of Sterculia setigera crude and nano-conjugated ethanol extracts of synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Fresh stem bark of S. setigera was separately extracted with ethanol (ES) and aqueous (AS) followed by green synthesis/reduction of ethanol extract with AuNPs, and its formulation into nano-conjugate with the addition of standard drug Diminazine aceturate (berenil). The synthesized AuNPs were also characterized. Both the extracts and drug were separately administered toTrypanosoma brucei brucei infected animals orally at 200mg/kg bodyweight for 12 consecutive days. Two separate groups were infected untreated and infected treated with Diminazine aceturate (Berenil) to serve as positive and negative controls respectively. Similarly nano conjugates of S. satigera conjugate with the addition of standard drug Diminazine aceturate(berenil). The synthesized AuNPs were also characterized. Both the extracts and drug were separately administered to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected animals orally at200mg/kg bodyweight for 12 consecutive days. Two separate groups were infected untreated and infected treated with Diminazine aceturate (Berenil) to serve as positive and negative controls respectively. Similarly nanoconjugates of S. satigera conjugate with the addition of standard drug Diminazine aceturate (berenil). The synthesized AuNPs were also characterized. Both the extracts and drug were separately administered to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected animals orally at 200mg/kg bodyweight for 12 consecutive days. Two separate groups were infected untreated and infected treated with Diminazine aceturate (Berenil) to serve as positive and negative controls respectively. Similarly nanoconjugates of S. satigera and berenil were also orally administered to different groups of rats for 12 days consecutively. Theresults showed that the ethanol extract treated group recorded significant decrease in parasitaemia than the aqueous treated group when compared with the untreated controlgroups (p<0.05). Furthermore, treatment with both the nanoconjugates effectively cleared the parasites from the blood circulation of the infected animal (p<0.05). Bodyweight and PCV of treated groups improved significantly in all the treated animals (p<0.05). The ethanol extract ofS. setigera exhibited trypanostatic activity while its nano-conjugated was trypanocidal.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72632414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of salicylic and benzoic acid on yield and yield components of moisture stressed tomato (solanum lycopersicun l.) at Kadawa Sudan Savannah","authors":"H. Isa, A. Manga","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid and Benzoic acids are antitranpirants usually used to reduce the rate of moisture loss and increase productivity of irrigated crops. To test antitranspiracy of Salicylic and Benzoic acids, field experiments were conducted during the two successive dry Seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kadawa (11̊ 38ʹ 40.3ʺ N,8̊ 25ʹ3.9ʺ E) 498m elevation above sea level. The aim was to study the effects of antitranspirants and moisture stress on crop growth and development stages of tomato. The treatments consisted of two antitranspirants at four different concentrations of 0, 200, 400 and 600 ppm, and three moisture stress stages, vegetative, flowering and fruit setting. Antitranspirants and moisture stresses were assigned to the main plot and concentrations were used as sub–plot treatment. These were replicated three times and laid out in a split-plot design. The gross plot size was 3.6m x 3.0m (10.8m2) consisting of 6 rows of 3m length, while the net plot size was 1.2m 1.8m (2.16 m2) consisting of 2 inner most rows. Data were taken on tomato growth and yield attributes. Data generated were analysed using statistical analytics software (SAS). The results of the study revealed that application of both Antitranspirants enhanced growth and yield components such as fruit diameter, number of fruits plant1, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield and total fruit yield of tomato. Significant interactions between and among the factors were also recorded for fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 marketable fruit yield and the total fruit yield. Application of 200 and 400 ppm of of Salicylic acid at fruit setting produced the highest total fruit yield (6.66 tha-1) which was statistically similar to 600 ppm of Benzoic (6.10 t ha-1) at flowering while the control had the lowest. Total fruit yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of fruit plant-1 and average fruit weight. Number of fruits plant-1 was found to have the highest direct contribution to the yield. Flowering and fruiting stages were found to be the critical growth stages for moisture stress of tomato. Foliar application of 400 ppm of Salicylic acid at fruit setting stage appeared to promote tomato yield in the study area.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86805797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resettlement pattern model of internally displaced persons due to insurgency","authors":"B. Luka, A. Tahir","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the derivation and analysis of a model is considered for resettlement pattern of internally displaced persons due to insurgency. In the derived model, a number of homeless people at some initial time after the insurgency attack are considered. The flow of the population to a temporary state until their final resettlement  is analyzed. The analytic solution for the stability analysis is obtained using Routh Harwitz Criterion and the behavior of the model is obtained numerically, using MATLAB R2010a. The result obtained indicates that majority of displaced persons get resettled after a long period of time.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76663857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of selected heavy metals concentrations in Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria for fishing purposes","authors":"M. Karkarna, Z. Dabo","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of selected heavy metal concentrations for fishing purposes was conducted at Mairua Reservoir, Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria. This study aimed at assessing the selected heavy metal concentrations to enable the and sustainable use of the reservoir. Fishing is the major activity of the dwellers throughout the year, but there is less attention in considering the water quality in the reservoir. Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health Eating fish harvested from polluted aquatic habitats could endanger the health of the consumer. As such, there is the need of this research now if not continuously.Water samples were taken in five sampling points and the procedural plan was the monthly sampling of the water from February-April and June-August 2020. The heavy metals include Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Laboratory procedures include sample digestions in preparation for spectrophotometric analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).  Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test and related with FAO standard for fishing. The finding shows that most of the parameters like Cd, Zn and Pb are more in concentration at SPIII (downstream), i.e. the outlet of the water in the reservoir. It can also be seen that two parameters Fe and Ni are more concentrated at SPIV (middle towards east) and only Mn is higher at SPI (upstream). Furthermore, the analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p >0.05) in the values of all the parameters across the five sampled collection points. The results of this study show that with the exception of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), the heavy metal concentrations in water did not exceed FAO (2006) standards. However, Cd and Pb exceeded the FAO standard.  The level of heavy metal concentrations was compared based on seasons (wet and dry) using independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The result shows no significant difference at 0.05 between the wet and dry season values of Fe (P value 0.106), Cd (P value 0.614) Zn (P value 0.700), Mn (P value 0.950), and Ni (P value 0.937). Study on Pb concentrations revealed that the metal was affected by seasonal variation (P value 0.047). Dumping waste very close to the reservoir should be discouraged. Farmers around the reservoir should be enlightened on the negative effects of their activities into the body of the water. More studies should be carried out on physico-chemical, microbial and other heavy metal concentrations in order to provide baseline information on the ecological status of the reservoir. In line with the finding, it is recommended that for effective fishing activities in the reservoir, the use of agrochemicals and dumping municipal waste very close to the reservoir, which could be the possible sources of Cd and Pb, should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81581714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}