Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Heavy metals in contaminated soil: source, accumulation, health risk and remediation process","authors":"A. Abdullahi, M. A. Lawal, A. M. Salisu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals contamination of soil is an issue of global concern that ultimately results in toxicity and diseases in humans and animals through consumption of food crops from contaminated soil. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. Heavy metals in the soil refers to some significant heavy metals of biological toxicity, including Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), and Arsenic (As) etc. With the development of the global economy, both type and content of heavy metals in the soil caused by indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. There are many known sources of harmful metals, including the earth, which releases them into food, air, and water, and anthropogenic activities, such as the application of fertilizer in agriculture, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and irrigation. Other sources are automobile emissions, paints, cigarette smoking, industries, and sewage and waste disposal. This review gives details about some heavy metals their toxicity, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, mobility and solubility in contaminated soil along with their health effects. Remediation of heavy metal in contaminated soils is necessary to reduce the associated risks, make the available soil safe for agricultural production, enhance food security and scale down land tenure problems arising from changes in the land use pattern the review recommends regular monitoring of heavy metals in soil, vegetables and foodstuffs to prevent excessive accrual in food chain.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83515602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with soybean on reproductive hormones of male Wistar rats","authors":"Yahya Anisah, I. Y. Mohammed, M. E. Jibril","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary soybean has been shown to have variable effects on the reproductive system of male rodents, non-human primates and humans. These effects can affect subsequent fertility. Soybean intake in men has been advocated due to its protective effect in the prevention of prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteo-arthritis. However, the protection it offers in the prevention of prostatic cancer by altering the levels of male reproductive hormones may lead to infertility. This study aimed at determining the effect of dietary supplementation with soybean on reproductive hormones of male Wistar rats. The study was a randomised controlled trial. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group and two study groups. The rats in the control group were fed on soy-free diet while rats in Group 1 and Group 2 of the study were fed on 20% and 50% soybean supplemented diet for four weeks. Serum concentration of FSH, LH and Testosterone were estimated. Data obtained was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the level of FSH (p=0.783), LH (p=0.815)and Testosterone (p=0.330) between the study and control groups. Dietary supplementation with of soybean has no effect on the level of FSH, LH and Testosterone in male Wistar rats and therefore may not affect their reproductive function. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85874217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aqueous extract of Irvengia gabonensis on acetaminophen induced Nephrototoxicity in rats","authors":"I. Muhammad, A. Idi, A. Ibrahim, B. Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plant to prevent and/or cure liver problems is a practice not peculiar to developing countries. This research work evaluated the nephrocurative ability of aqueous seed extract of Irvengia gabonensis on Acetaminophen Induced Nephrotoxicity. A total of thirty albino rats were grouped into six groups (GI – GVI) of five rats each. GI served as normal control, GII served as positive control, GIII, GIV and GV were administered with the extract at a dose of 50mg/Kg, 100mg/Kg and 150mg/Kg respectively while GVI rats were administered with standard drug (Vit E) at a dose of 10mg/Kg. Kidney damage was induced in groups (II-VI) using 800mg/Kg of acetaminophen administered orally, rats from group I and II were euthanized24 hours after acetaminophen administration to confirm inducement of kidney damage. Groups III, IV, V and VI were administered with the respective doses for two weeks. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in mean serum level of Urea, Potassium (K+), Chloride (Clˉ) and Creatinine with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of serum Sodium (Na+) and Bicarbonate (HCO3ˉ) was observed when compared with positive control. The nephrocurative effect of the plant could be due to its reported secondary metabolites contents.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76470424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tamarindus indica juice intake on some oxidative stress markers in carbon tetrachloride induced rats","authors":"N.S. Sadi, S. M. Abubakar, A. Ibrahim, A. Umar, A. Gadanya, B. Kurfi","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Tamarind tree is a multipurpose tree of which almost every part finds at least some use, either nutritional or medicinal. Due to its pleasant acidic taste and rich aroma, the pulp is widely used for domestic and industrial purpose. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Tamarind juice intake in CCl4 induced oxidative stress albino rats. The Proximate, antinutrient, and Phytochemical contents of tamarind juice were analyzed using standard AOAC methods while mineral contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Oxidative stress markers were also analyzed using colorimetric assay kit. The serum levels of oxidative stress markers were compared between the normal and test groups. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: Normal control group, negative control (CCl4) group, standard drug (Vitamin C) group, tamarind low and high dose group. At the end of the experiment, significant increase in malondialdehyde level and decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and glutathione Peroxidase activities were recorded in CCl4-exposed rats as compared to normal control group. In the tamarind supplemented groups, the level of MDA along with the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx were comparable with the normal control rats (p>0.05). Thus, it appears that tamarind juice ameliorate the effect of CCl4; suggesting that consumption of natural compounds with an antioxidant profile may be a preventive alternative to those diseases associated with oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79642529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro antibacterial activity of cinnamon bark extracts on clinical multi-drug resistant (mdr) Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates","authors":"F. Idris, U. A. Habibu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial activity of ethanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of Cinnamomum verum stem bark against Multi-drug resistant clinical isolates. C. verum bark powder was extracted with ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane respectively using Soxhlet extractor for 6 hrs. at temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the respective solvents. The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical screening as well as antimicrobial tests against clinical isolates of confirmed multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined. The extracts yield 11.8g, 10.2g and 9.0g for ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane respectively. The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, anthraquinones and tannins in the extracts. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity of 12.3±0.5mm against P. aeruginosa and 15.3±1.3mm against K. pneumoniae at 100mg/ml and antibacterial activities of 11.3±0.5mm against K. pneumoniae followed by 9.0±0.4mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the least 8.0±0.0mm against Staphylococcus aureus at 20mg/ml concentration. While hexane extract of the plant has the highest activity of 9.0±0.0mm against Staphylococcus aureus isolates but less active against the remaining isolates at 20mg/ml concentration. Dichloromethane extract was less active against all the MDR isolates. The results showed that the MICs of C. verum ranged from 5-20 mg/ml while the MBCs ranged from 10-40 mg/ml. Thus C. verum could be used as potential source of antibacterial agents against MDR microbes.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77312678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability constants of complexes of metal ions with peatsoil humic acids under non-acid-conditions","authors":"Y. Sabo, W. Jimoh, Isa Baba Koki, Q. Sholadoye","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Stability constants of complexes of four divalent metal ions viz. Cu2+, Pb2+,Mg2+ and Cd2+  with humic acids (HA) were determined by potentiometric titration of humic acids with the corresponding salt of the divalent metals in aqueous media under non-acid-condition. The log K (logarithm of the stability constant) ranged from 1.0942 to 2.7471 for metal-humic acid complexes were determined using point-wise computational method. The order of stability constants were obtained as follows: Cu >Pb> Cd > Mg for metal -HA complexes respectively, indicating a higher degree of complexation with Cu metal ion. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81607624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic success predictors for architecture students at Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Maina, A. Zakari, I. Alkali, R. Salisu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Academic success, linked to socioeconomic advancement and key positive indicators inlife has largely been investigated along STEM courses especially in Nigeria. In this study, academic success was predicted at two levels: second class lower (2.2) and second class upper (2.1) degreesusing 244 questionnaires from architecture undergraduates at Kano University of Science and Technology (KUST) Wudilto test the hypothesis that other factors apart from motivation predict high academic success. Results from Binary Logistic Regression models indicate that achieving a 2.1 degree largely depends on personal attributes, notably how efficiently a student manages time/schedules, some degree of independence as well as conducive learning environments (classrooms, accommodation, external lighting, power supply, worship places and general cleanliness)and not necessarily motivation. This lends credence to Walberg’s Theory of Educational Productivity. Overall, mode of entry was the only significant predictor for academic success for both 2.2 (p=0.007, Exp(β)=1.990) and 2.1 (p=0.016, Exp(β)=1.361) class of degree models. This implies that candidates admitted through avenues other than UTME/ JAMB such as Direct Entry have higher chances of graduating with a 2.1 class of degree. Prospective candidates are encouraged to pursue advanced level qualifications prior to admission into architecture as this substantially increases the probability of graduating with a high class of degree.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79130278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular modeling and docking analysis of bis-indolymethanes derivatives as human β-glucuronidase enzyme inhibitors","authors":"M. T. Ibrahim, U. Muhammad","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"β-glucuronidase enzyme is present mostly in mammals’ tissues. β-glucuronidase is present in kidney, bile, serum, urine and spleen. In eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, it is important in the process of breaking down of β-glucuronide. It also helps in the neutralization of reactivity of some metabolites that are associated to many diseases. The most stable geometry of the dataset were obtained adopting DFT method at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. The model was developed using MLR analysis adopting GFA method. Molecular docking was also performed to portray the binding mode of these bis-indolymethanes derivatives in the binding pocket of their target receptor (human β-glucuronidase). The selected model was assessed and chosen based on its statistical fitness with R2trng=0.907233, R2adj=0.881465,  Qcv2=0.833795, and R2test=0.609841. And also, the significance and impart of each physicochemical parameters to the selected model were determine by their ME values. Molecular docking analysis revealed that amino acid such as ALA49, SER52, ASP53, PHE51, VAL96, LEU92, TYR188, TYR199 and PHE200 might be responsible for the most promised binding affinity of the reported docked ligands. The molecular docking results showed that the reported compounds were better than the standard β-glucuronidase inhibitor. The results of this findings paved way for designing novel β-lucuronidase inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90267518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of processing on vitamin A and some mineral contents of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed","authors":"A. Ambi, M. Bashir, B. Hafsat, M. Nura, H. Abubakar, M. Shatu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds are important food materials used by most Nigerian families due to their delicious taste, aroma and appeal. In this study, changes between chemical composition of processed and unprocessed pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) was investigated. The nutritional compositions were analyzed by standard methods. The vitamin A contents 36.83 μg/100g and 33.72 μg/100g respectively. The copper, zinc, magnesium,phosphorus and iron contents of processed seeds were; 0.063, 0.43, 47.67, 58.19 and 610.77 ppm respectively while the values for unprocessed were; 0.047, 0.41, 36.73, 58.45 and 211.19 ppm respectively with significant difference between the processed and unprocessed. The finding suggests that pumpkin seed is rich in this vitamin and minerals. If utilized efficiently. It can also ameliorate micronutrients deficiency problem in population of all age groups.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91098355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of bacterial isolates for phosphate solubilizing capability in a ferruginous ultisol in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Musa, I. Beckley","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v13i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is a major growth-llimiting nutrient which plays important biochemical role in living system. It is widely distributed in minerals as phosphates. It reacts easily with Fe3+ in ferruginous ultisols and therefore not bioavailable for plant usage. Many bacteria have the ability to solubilize phosphate minerals and make it bioavailable to plants.Thus this research investigates the culturable bacterial composition of ferruginous ultisol, comparative to control soils as well as the phosphate solubilizing capabilities of the isolates for future use in soil improvements. Six soil samples of different ferruginous levels and a control were assayed for physicochemical parameters prior to the experiment. Culturable bacteria as well as the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were assayed in Pikovskaya’s medium at 27oC with 7.5 pH for 7days. Six distinct isolates were observed which proved to be Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp. and Serratia spp. based on biochemical and morphological characteristics. Of these six isolates, three isolates(EMBF2-Klebsiella spp, BCAF1- Proteus spp and BCAC2- Bacillus spp) were identified to solubilize phosphate by releasing a considerable amount of phosphate (12.01-21.23 ppm) and lowering the pH of the media. The three isolates showed tolerance to acidic and alkaline media and also showed plant growth promoting capabilities by releasing indole acetic acid and siderophores. The result revealed that the three isolates had potential to chelate the ion bond in identified to solubilize phosphate by releasing a considerable amount of phosphate (12.01-21.23 ppm) and lowering the pH of the media. The three isolates showed tolerance to acidic and alkaline media and also showed plant growth promoting capabilities by releasing indole acetic acid and siderophores. The result revealed that the three isolates had potential to chelate the ion bond in Fe3+ in ferruginous ultisol by releasing low molecular weight organic acid, making phosphate to be bioavailable for plant usage. This will serve as biofertilizer in improving yield of crops in ferruginous ultisol and improve soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82257648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}