Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Identification and antibiotic susceptibility profile of methicillin and erythromycin resistant genes in clinical and environmental strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Minna Nigeria","authors":"G. Mamman, C.N. Angulu, G. Musa, S. Angulu","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin (MRSA) is a growing global health threat. The disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus. From clinical and environmental samples, Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 21.9% (73/360) of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus predominance in environmental samples was 24%, compared to 20.5 in clinical samples. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was highest among people aged 18 to 49 (74%) and lowest among those aged 0 to 17 (42%) and 50 to 70 (4%). Staphylococcus aureus was more common in females (22.4%), compared to males (20%). Staphylococcus aureus showed 88.60%, 45.60%, 34.20%, 21.50%, 18.90%, 11.40%, 8.90%, 6.30%, and 5.10%, respectively, resistance to Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Rifampicin, and Gentamycin. All 79 of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 100% responsive to septrin and levofloxacin. The isolates were used to molecularly identify the genes for methicillin (mecA) and erythromycin (ermA and ermC). The clinical and environmental samples revealed a comparatively high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84551383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of typhoid fever among patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano","authors":"N. Mujahid, I. Yusuf, M. Abbas, M. Yusuf, N. Sani, A. Shehu, A. Akande, A. Yakubu, B. Sani","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoid fever poses a serious public health problem in Nigeria and is largely diagnosed based on the Widal agglutination test which has been proven to be neither sensitive nor specific. This study determined the prevalence of typhoid fever using both Widal agglutination test and blood culture using automated microbiology systems (BD BACTEC). The study was carried out among 90 patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital in Kano. Out of the 90 cases recruited for the study, none of the cases (0, 0.0%) had S. Typhi isolated using blood culture. However, 18 cases (20%) had other bacteria which are not S. Typhi isolated using blood culture while 72 cases (80%) were negative. For the Widal test, 63 cases (70%) were positive for anti S. Typhi O antigen while 27 cases (30%) were negative. Similarly, 42 cases (46.7%) were positive for anti S. Typhi H antigen, while 48 cases (53.3%) were negative. Type of toilet system was found to be significantly associated with non S. Typhi bacteraemia (P=0.021). The studyrecommends the use of other diagnostic test such as molecular techniques to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both Widal and cultural methods.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72855718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of virulence factors and antifungal resistant patterns of Candida species isolated from women with urinary tract infections","authors":"O. M. David, P.O. Adeola, T. Faloye, B.J. Owabumoye, O. Famurewa, C. Esan, I. Ade-Ojo","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of Candida species has increased among females of child bearing age over the years. There has also been an increase in the resistance of these Candida species to the antifungal drugs used to treat them. This study is aimed at detecting the prevalence of Candida species among patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) attending gynecological unit of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The distribution of pathogenic factors and the antifungal resistance pattern of the isolates were also determined. A total of 61 subjects of different ages and socioeconomic status attending the health facility were enrolled in this study. Samples of high vaginal swab (HVS) were collected from each of the participant and screened. A total of 36 candidal isolates were recovered from the samples out of which 11 (30.5%) were predominantly Candida albican, 5 (13.9%) Candida krusei, 4 (11.1%) Candida glabrata, 2 (5.6%) Candida tropicalis and 14 (38.9%) were not identified beyond the genus level. Ten (27.8%) of the isolates were not able to produce biofilm. Out of those that produce biofilm 17 (47.2%) produced weak biofilm, 5 (8.2%) produced moderate biofilm, while 4 (11.1%) produced strong biofilm. Spectrophotometer was used to quantify those that produce biofilm 9 (25%) produced moderate biofilm while 16 (44.4%) produced strong biofilm. The isolates were subjected to various pathogenicity tests which include haemolysis, catalase, phospholipase and hydrolysis. This test shows that Candida species has the highest percentage to the entire test while none of C. glabrata produced haemolysin and phospholipase. Antifungal assay was then carried out on the entire organisms showed Candida albicans to have low resistance to the azoles drugs while the non-albican Candida shows higher resistance to it. Extremely high prevalence of Candida albicans and Candida species were documented in this study. These findings should be taken into account in further research concerning presence of Candida among patient with sexually transmitted disease in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78577057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrolysis time and peptide content on dpph* radical scavenging activity of bromelain- and papain-generated hydrolysates from defatted cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao l.) powder","authors":"O. A. Olanrewaju, S. Auwal","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme generated protein hydrolysates have received considerable attention due to their numerous health effects. Among these, the anti-oxidative hydrolysates with DPPH* radical scavenging activity can play a significant role in the prevention of oxidative stress and the resulting chronic disease conditions such as cancer. In the present study, defatted cocoa beans (DCB) powder was dialyzed and then hydrolyzed for 8 h to produce DCB protein hydrolysates using two different proteases (bromelain and papain) at an optimum pH (6.8), temperature (400C) and enzyme/substrate ratio (1:50). The resulting DCB protein hydrolysates were evaluated for peptide content (PC) and DPPH* radical scavenging activity. The highest DPPH* radical scavenging activity of 78.07% and 53.04% were obtained at a peptide content of 4.85 mg/dL and 3.13 mg/dL for the bromelain- and papain-generated DCB protein hydrolysates at 6 h hydrolysis time, respectively. The effect of hydrolysis time and peptide content on the DPPH* radical scavenging activity of the DCB protein hydrolysates was then studied. The result obtained indicated positive correlation between the DPPH* radical scavenging activity of both bromelain- and papain-generated DCB protein hydrolysates to their peptide content based on Pearson’s correlation analysis with R2 values of 0.946 and 0.772, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study of the bacteriological evaluation of raw milk from Kogi State University dairy farm","authors":"Z. Azeez, E. Yakubu, S. Enemuor, S. Momoh","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a food that inherently favours microbial growth and due to its characteristics, several precautions must be taken to prevent contamination in its production, processing and consumption, which are routinely subject to changes. Raw milk is a complex mixture which is highly nutritious, contain high level of water (85%) and a pH close to neutral which makes it highly perishable and a suitable medium for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the bacteria associated with raw milk from a dairy farm. A total of seven (7) raw milk samples were -gotten from different lactating cows. The samples were examined for pH, organoleptic property, and turbidity. Isolation of bacteria was done using the pour plate method, gram staining and various biochemical test were conducted to identify the organisms. The pH value of the samples ranged from 6.5 to 6.9. The total bacterial count ranged from 4.3x106 to 9.0x104 CFU/ml, and total coliform count ranges from 5.1x106 to 4.0x104 the bacteria isolated were Bacillus spp Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp and Streptococcus spp. The high bacteria count obtained in this study is an indication of poor sanitary condition and this calls for strict hygienic measure during handling of raw milk and its products.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81712057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solution using base activated typha grass (Typha latifolia) as an adsorbent","authors":"A. M. Ayuba, M. Sani","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye from aqueous solution by activated typha grass (T. latifolia) was studied using batch system. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods, as well as the point of zero charge (PZC). Adsorption parameters including effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and pH were studied and the adsorption capacity (qe) was found to be 47.619mg/g. The adsorption isotherm for the adsorption processes were also modelled and evaluated and the data fitted Freundlich isotherm model with R2 of 0.9943 relative to other models tested. The kinetic data were best described by pseudo-second order model with R2 values of 0.999 and rate constant (k) of 6.30mol-1dm3s-1 out of the four models tested. The thermodynamic quantities of the adsorption process including the entropy change (ΔS) which describe the degree of disorderliness of the dye-adsorbent interphase was found to be 2.108Jmol- 1K-1 indicating an increase in the interphase disorderliness, the enthalpy change (ΔH) describing the nature of energetic interaction between the dye molecules and the adsorbent surface has a value of -9.223kJmol-1 proving an exothermic process and the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of the range -8.563 to -8.718kJmol-1 were obtained indicating the process to be feasible and spontaneous in nature. Hence, the activated carbon produced from typha grass can be a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous dyes such as Eriochrome Black T from industrial effluent. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"44 6 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82712275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of modified generalized imputation scheme for estimating population mean with known auxiliary information","authors":"A. Adejumobi, Ahmed Audu, M. A. Yunusa, R.V.K. Singh","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Different authors for estimating population mean have proposed several Imputation schemes. Recently, some authors have suggested generalized imputation schemes that their estimators are functions of unknown parameters of the study variable. These unknown parameters need to be estimated for the estimators to be applicable and this may require additional resources. This paper considered a class of imputation scheme that is independent of unknown parameter and the point estimator of the suggested scheme for estimating population mean was derived. The properties (bias and MSE) of an efficient estimators presented were derived up to first order approximation and also conditions for which the estimators of the proposed scheme is more efficient than other estimators of the existing schemes considered in the study were also examined. The result of the empirical study revealed that the suggested estimators are more efficient than the existing ones considered in the study. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and quality evaluation of complementary food made from orange-fleshed sweet potato major component","authors":"I. Ani, T. Alfa, A. Adeola, N. Ajuzie, M. Ajani, A. A. Omotoye, A. Akinlade","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction of appropriate complementary foods after 6months of life of infants is very important for optimum growth and prevention of malnutrition. This study formulated four samples containing varying proportions of orange fleshed sweet potato, acha grain, soybean and groundnut including sample A (60:10:25:5), sample B (60:10:20:10), sample C (55:15:25:5) and sample D (50:20:20:10). Chemical analysis of the samples was done according to the official method of analysis described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) while sensory evaluation was done using a 5-point hedonic scale. All analysis was carried out in triplicate and the generated data was analyzed with ANOVA to compare different variables using IBM SPSS statistics version 20. The results revealed that sample A had the highest amount of carbohydrate, fat and crude fibre while sample D had the lowest ash content. Sample B had the highest content of calcium (36.39 mg/100g) and magnesium (62.25/100 g) while highest amount of potassium, iron, zinc and beta carotene were recorded in sample A. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the carbohydrate, potassium and zinc contents of the food samples but significant differences existed for other nutrients. The microbial load of the samples was low (0.00 to 0.01 cfu/g). Sample C had the highest overall acceptability (4.00) for sensory evaluation. Incorporating orange flesh sweet potato into complementary food can help to prevent vitamin A deficiency which is prevalent among infants and pre-school children in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88717830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of facilities and slaughter figures of livestock species in Oko-Oba central abattoir Ifako-Ijaye, Agege Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Bello, H. Ibrahim, Y. Garba","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abattoirs are needed to centralize slaughter processes and ensure surveillance of animal diseases at slaughter in order to avoid zoonotic transmission to humans through meat consumption. Inadequate facilities and hygiene at abattoirs can result in the contamination of meat and cause occupational hazards to workers. The objectives of this study were to assess the conditions of the facilities and the daily slaughter figures of livestock species at Oko-oba abattoir, Ifako-ijaye, Agege Lagos State. The study was conducted for three seasons from August 2020 to April 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the study area, while daily visits, physical observation and interviews were used to collect data. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages. Cattle was the most commonly slaughtered species (92.34 %), followed by goat (6.34 %), sheep (1.15 %) and camel (0.18 %) in the late wet season (August - September). Cattle, goat, sheep and camel were slain in decreasing order during the early dry season (October - December) (90.17 %, 8.38 %, 1.40 % and 0.04 % respectively). In the late dry season (January - April), the cattle were recorded to have 88.00 %, goat 10.92 %, sheep 1.07 % and camel 0.01 %. It was determined that the season had no impact on the types of livestock slaughtered. Cattle were the most butchered species regardless of the seasons studied, followed by goats, sheep and camels. The abattoir also lacks several fundamental amenities that are expected of a standard abattoir, and those that are present are either non-functional or inadequate.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90331590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquifer characteristics and groundwater flow system in a typical basement complex and Gundumi formation northwest, Nigeria","authors":"A. Shuaibu, M. Garba, I. Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Aquifer performance was tested in 280 locations of the study area to assess the hydraulic characteristics of the various aquifers, potential yield from the flowing boreholes of both hard rocks and sedimentary formation underlain Zamfara State Northwestern, Nigeria. Pumping test result were subjected to standard methods of Jacob’s and modified Theis equation for evaluation of aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K), Transmissivity (T), Specific capacity and others. The results show that characteristic of areas underlain by crystalline rock units, especially migmatite, variably migmatized gneiss, schists and granites are characterized by thin/shallow overburden unit of usually less than 10m. In such settings the borehole depth varies from 38 to 78m while saturated thickness varies from 8 to 20m below ground level, with average yield of 44.1m3/day. Hydrogeological parameters obtained from pumping test analysis within the basement rock units revealed aquifer transmissivity (T) values which range from 0.14 to 141.23m2/day, with an average of 12.85m2/day. This implies aquifers of negligible to high potentials. The hydraulic conductivity (K) values vary from 5.0 x 10-2m/day and 8.8 x 10-1m/day with an average of 2.2 x 10-1m/day. The implication of these results is that the aquifers of the basement rock units cannot provide sufficient water for both domestic and agricultural needs of the area. However, Sixty-eight (68) analyzed borehole data set within Gundumi Formation, revealed the average discharge rate of 116.8m3/day. This formation shows the highest water discharge within the study area. The average penetration depth of 65m was achieved. The hydraulic conductivity of this aquifer revealed average value of 5.7 × 10-1m/day. This implies high permeability of aquifer system, which is typical of sedimentary formation of this nature. Transmissivity (T) revealed an average value of 38.89m2/day, which indicate high rate of water flow through the entire aquifer medium of this formation. The geospatial analysis of yield from the wells indicate excellent groundwater potential around the western part of the study area.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83677922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}