Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献_第4页

Bioavailability of metals in the Funtua textile wastewater, north western Nigeria 尼日利亚西北部富图阿纺织废水中金属的生物利用度

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.2

S. Uba, O.C. Nwokem, D.C. Ikeh, O. Adeosun, K. Abel, A. Mikail, L. N. Nwagu, M. M. Rumah

{"title":"Bioavailability of metals in the Funtua textile wastewater, north western Nigeria","authors":"S. Uba, O.C. Nwokem, D.C. Ikeh, O. Adeosun, K. Abel, A. Mikail, L. N. Nwagu, M. M. Rumah","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Textile wastewater pose a significant threat to surface water especially the water bodies closer to the textile industry locations. The study investigated the bioavailability of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in wastewater from ten sampling points including wastewater from point of effluent discharge in Funtua textile across Funtua region. The trends in the metal bioavailability (mg/L) among the fractions were; Zn Cu: total> mobile > dissolved > particulate; Pb: total> particulate > mobile> dissolved; Ni: total> particulate > dissolved> mobile; Cr: total > particulate > mobile > dissolved, respectively. All the concentrations of the metal ions were above the WHO (2006) and USEPA (2000) tolerable limits across the sites, with the exception of Co which was not detected in all the fractions. While lead and chromium was detected in S1, S2 and S1, S10, respectively. The order of the metals bioavailability was; total>mobile>dissolved>particulate, with more than 50% found in the bioavailable phase. Hence, the surface waters within the vicinity of the textile industry were greatly at risk of being polluted by these toxic metals and subsequently affecting the inhabitants who use the water for agricultural and other domestic activities untreated, through the food chain transfer. The health implications associated with the toxic metals include an irreversible damage to nervous system, gastric and intestinal disorder, heart disease, liver, brain damage, mental retardation and teratogenic effects. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85088158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of Schiff base complexes derived from Salicylaldehyde and amino acid (isoleucine) 水杨醛与氨基酸(异亮氨酸)希夫碱配合物的合成、表征及抗菌活性研究

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.15

B. Abdullahi, I. T. Siraj

引用次数: 0

Effect of different environmental conditions on quality of DNA extracted from human teeth for gender determination 不同环境条件对人类牙齿DNA鉴定质量的影响

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.5

O. Iroanya, A. C. Onuoha

{"title":"Effect of different environmental conditions on quality of DNA extracted from human teeth for gender determination","authors":"O. Iroanya, A. C. Onuoha","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Use of morphological characteristics in human identification maybe difficult in conditions where human remains are grossly fragmented, decomposed and/or mutilated, or when only a tooth is available. The study aims to ascertain and compare the quantity of DNA from teeth exposed to different environmental conditions using organic and silica column DNA extraction methods and determine their gender using amelogenin gene primer. Human teeth were used and divided into four major groups based on different exposure types (buried in soil, storage in Lagoon water, normal environmental condition by placing them on the floor at the botanical garden, and exposure to temperature of 210oC for 15mins). The powdered dentin-cementum complex was used for DNA extraction, quantification and purity assessments. Amplification was done using amelogenin gene primers. Mean DNA concentration and purity were 187.59±26.25ng/μl and 0.97±0.07 respectively for silica column method, and, 138.98±35.71ng/μl and 0.91±0.11 respectively for organic extraction. With organic extraction, the least and highest mean DNA concentration are from teeth immersed in Lagoon water (74.86±61.19ng/μl) and teeth exposed to temperature of 210oC for 15mins (385.14±106.39ng/μl). In the Silica column method, teeth heated at 210oC for 15mins showed the lowest mean DNA concentration (165.57±33.82ng/μl) while teeth exposed to \"normal environmental conditions\", gave the highest DNA concentration (218.46±45.03ng/μl). Positive and negative male identification were 30.8% and 69.2% respectively, while female identification was 100% positive irrespective of the environmental exposure. The dentine-cementum is a valuable DNA source for forensic investigations. Male identification using amelogenin gene, should still be investigated in the Nigerian context.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79130497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of microorganisms associated with the degradation of sawdust and woodchips 与木屑和木片降解有关的微生物的特性

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.9

F. I. Jumare, M. Ahmad, N. Abdulkadir, A. Bello, M. Gani, M. Usman

{"title":"Characterization of microorganisms associated with the degradation of sawdust and woodchips","authors":"F. I. Jumare, M. Ahmad, N. Abdulkadir, A. Bello, M. Gani, M. Usman","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play a vital role in the degradation of organic matters such as Sawdust and woodchips. In this study, the Serial dilution method and pour plate techniques were used according to microbiological standards. The media used were nutrient agar, sabouraud dextrose agar, and cellulolytic medium to identify microorganisms and inoculated them into the Sawdust and woodchips and kept for 30 days at 37oC and 25oC. The total viable bacterial count for Sawdust and woodchips ranged between 9.0×103 - 6.0×103and 1.96×103 - 1.48×103, respectively. A total of 12 organisms were identified according to the biochemical reactions, six bacteria, and six fungi. Bergy’s manual of determinative bacteriology confirmed the organism as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Cellulomona sp. The fungal species identified include Rhizopus sp, Mucor sp, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida sp, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The bacteria with the highest potential to degrade Sawdust and Woodchips are Cellulomonas sp. (20.9%), Klebsiella sp (17.8%), Escherichia coli (8.3%), Bacillus cereus (7.15%), and Staphylococcus sp (6.2%). Furthermore, the fungi capable of degrading the Sawdust and woodchips are Mucor sp (19.90%), Aspergillus flavus (17.8%), Aspergillus niger (17.3%), Rhizopus (16.9%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15.55%). From these results, it can be concluded that some microorganisms could be used for the biodegradation of lignocellulose materials.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79432467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quartz, glass, and glass-ceramic matrix nanocomposites; containing carbon nanotubes: a review 石英、玻璃和玻璃陶瓷基纳米复合材料;含碳纳米管:综述

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.1

Y. Tijjani

引用次数: 0

Phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil using Polyscias fruticosa 植物对垃圾填埋场土壤重金属的修复研究

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.30

N. I. Durumin Iya, Z. Assim, O. A. Omorinoye, E. Asare

{"title":"Phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil using Polyscias fruticosa","authors":"N. I. Durumin Iya, Z. Assim, O. A. Omorinoye, E. Asare","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in landfill soil by industrial or anthropogenic activities pose a risk to the environment and it is one of the major concerns. This study was to determine and evaluate the capability of Polyscias fruticosa in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from abandoned landfill soil. P. fruticosa was analysed to evaluate its tolerance and phytoremediation ability on landfill soil in a greenhouse study with a harvesting period of 1-month intervals. Ninety-six (96) cuttings from P. fruticosa were transplanted and had the same treatment in 500 g landfill soil. The roots, stems, and leaves of exposed and unexposed plants were dry-digested and heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The height and weight of dry biomass of exposed and unexposed plants were determined. The data obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (L.S.D.) at probability level p<0.05. The highest accumulation in the roots occurred on Pb, followed by Cr, As, and Cd with concentrations 0.82, 0.68, 0.35, and 0.33 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals were not detected from unexposed plant and soil. The three indices, bioconcentration, translocation factors, and extraction coefficient, were found to be more significant (>1) on six months compared to other harvesting periods. The percentage removal was Cd 88%, As 87%, Cr 86%, and Pb 78%. The results indicate that P. fruticosa might be an effective species to reduce heavy metals from landfill soil. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87287479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Residual Accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) and their toxicities on Germination and Growth of three Maize (Zea mays L) varieties 铬(Cr)和铜(Cu)残留积累及其对三个玉米品种萌发和生长的毒性

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.27

S. Garba, A. Abdulhameed, E. A. Gaya, N. Abdulkadir

{"title":"Residual Accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) and their toxicities on Germination and Growth of three Maize (Zea mays L) varieties","authors":"S. Garba, A. Abdulhameed, E. A. Gaya, N. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of heavy metals in polluted soils are common, and concerns about their possible hazards to humans, livestock, and crops cannot be overemphasized. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) on germination and seedling growth of Sammaz, Oba super and Oba 98 maize (Zea mays) cultivars in order to determine their potentials as susceptibility (bioindicators) or tolerance (bioremediators). Treatments of the heavy metal ranged 2.88, 5.76, 8.63, 11.51, and 23.02 mg kg-1 for Cr, and 5000, 10000, and 15000 mg kg-1 for Cu, and no chemical treatment (control). Heavy metals from the plants were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) machine. All chemicals used had different levels of their effects on germination percentage (%) in the following pattern of increasing order of magnitude Cr ˃Cu. Initial seedling growth and development were strongly impeded by Cu, except Cr in all the three maize cultivars with a little bit development in the root and shoot. The concentration of Cr in the shoot of the three maize cultivars is in the order of Oba 98 ˃Oba Super˃ Sammaz while that of the root is in the order of Oba 98˃Sammaz˃Oba super. It can be concluded that the toxicity of Cr and Cu at the concentrations used in this experiment showed susceptibility of all the three maize cultivars and the toxic effects of these heavy metals. Thus, the maize cultivars could be bio-indicators of Cr and Cu toxicity.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing the Prediction Accuracy of Ridge, Lasso and Elastic Net Regression Models with Linear Regression Using Breast Cancer Data 用乳腺癌数据比较Ridge、Lasso和Elastic Net回归模型与线性回归模型的预测精度

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.16

M. Usman, S. Doguwa, B. B. Alhaji

{"title":"Comparing the Prediction Accuracy of Ridge, Lasso and Elastic Net Regression Models with Linear Regression Using Breast Cancer Data","authors":"M. Usman, S. Doguwa, B. B. Alhaji","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Regularised regression methods have been developed in the past to overcome the shortcomings of ordinarily least squares (OLS) regression of not performing well with respect to both prediction accuracy and model complexity. OLS method may fail or produce regression estimates with high variance in the presence of multi-collinearity or when the predictor variables are greater than the number of observations. This study compares the predictive performance and additional information gained of Ridge, Lasso and Elastic net regularised methods with the classical OLS method using data of breast cancer patients. The findings have shown that using all the predictor variables, the OLS method failed because of the presence of multiple collinearity, while regularised Ridge, Lasso and Elastic net methods produced results that showed the predictor variables mostly significant. Using the training data, the Elastic net and Lasso seemed to indicate more significant predictor variables than the Ridge method. The result also indicated that breast cancer patients in age groups 30-39, those that are married and in stage1 of the disease, have longer survival times, while patients that are in stage2 and stage3 have shorter survival times. The OLS regression produced results only when four of the predictor variables were excluded; even then, the regularised methods still outperformed the OLS regression in terms of prediction accuracy.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83847347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proximate Analysis, Sensory Evaluation and Production of Bread from Finger Millet and Wheat Flour 小米粉面包的近似分析、感官评价及生产

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.12

A. Ibrahim, M. Bashir, A. Idi, H.H. Buhari

{"title":"Proximate Analysis, Sensory Evaluation and Production of Bread from Finger Millet and Wheat Flour","authors":"A. Ibrahim, M. Bashir, A. Idi, H.H. Buhari","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet, is a unique cereal with high nutritional quality, particularly in African countries such as Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, and South Asian country. This study is aimed to determine the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of Bread made from finger millet and wheat composite flours. The proximate analysis of wheat, finger millet flours and bread produced by combination of the two flours at ratio of 95:5, 90:10 and 80:20 were conducted, the results revealed improved nutritional quality of the product as the moisture contain was significantly different (p<0.05) at ration of 95:5 while at other ratios there was no difference (p<0.05) compared to the 100% finger millet bread, there were also significant improvement (p<0.05) on protein content of the bread produced at ratio of 80:20, however the fat, fiber, Ash, carbohydrate and calories of the product were also higher compared to 100% finger millet bread. The mean scores of sensory evaluation showed that all the extruded products prepared from composite flours were within the acceptable range. Therefore it can be concluded that products of combined mixture of finger millet and wheat flours are more nutritious than products of 100% finger millet products. And consumption of such products are highly encouraged and less course effective.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75678853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reproductive Indices and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809) and their Hybrids in an Indoor Tanks gariepinus Clarias (Burchell, 1822)和bidorsalis Heterobranchus (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809)及其杂种在室内池中的繁殖指数和生长性能

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.2

L. Onyia, I. J. Ochokwu, V. Edward

{"title":"Reproductive Indices and Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809) and their Hybrids in an Indoor Tanks","authors":"L. Onyia, I. J. Ochokwu, V. Edward","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v14i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization is significant in producing higher breeds, it produces new breeds and strain and reduce inbreed. The study examined the percentage fertilization, hatchability, heterosis and survival of the hatchlings in a complete randomized design. The cross established high fertilization rate across the hybrids. Clarias gariepinus male (Cl♂) x Heterobranchus bidorsalis female (Hb♀) recorded the highest fertilization (100%), Hb♂ x Cl♀ and Hb♂ x Hb♀ had (90 %), and the least was in Cl♂ x Cl♀ (60%), respectively. Pure strain Hb♂ x Hb♀ performed significantly higher (p<0.05) in final weight (234.7±0.0577g) and length (119.7±0.374mm) in all the trials from the onset of exogenous feeding with Blue Crown feed for 56 days. The best and least specific growth rate (SGR) 3.64 and 3.55 were recorded in Hb♂ x Cl♀ and Hb♂ x Hb♀ respectively. Hb♂ x Cl♀ and Hb♂ x Hb♀ survived 90% followed by Cl♂ x Hb♀ with 80% but the least survival was in Cl♂ x Cl♀ (30%). The growth of the hybrids revealed a hope for aquaculture improvement in Nigeria, and a means of promoting the availability of fish all year round if employed in the farm.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"35 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0