Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of alcohol-graded concentrations on total thiols and some thiol utilizing enzymes","authors":"D. I. Akinloye, R. Ugbaja, A. Akamo, M. A. Toriola, A. Adewale, E. I. Ugwor, A. S. James","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive intake of alcohol has been documented to initiate different pathological conditions. Although various researchers have reported these associations, the modulatory effects on endogenous thiols are not well studied. This study investigated the effects of alcohol-graded concentrations on some thiol utilizing enzymes in rats. Adults’ male rats were divided into four main groups and treated with distilled water, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % alcohol (3.20 g / Kg body weight). Five rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 day(s) of the experiment. Assay of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase specific activities along with total thiols levels were carried out. Alcohol administration resulted in an upregulation of the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase with concomitant depletion of total thiols concentrations. Conclusively, this study affirms that graded dosages of alcohol administration to rats induced perturbations in the thiol utilizing system in a non-time dependent consistent manner.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74284353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixation and fixatives in histopathology: a review","authors":"A. Ajileye, E. O. Esan","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"If fixation is not adequate, the other processes that follow such as dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, microtomy and staining, will also be inadequate. A poorly processed tissue will make it difficult for the Pathologist/Histoscientist to render a proper diagnosis. This article is aimed at elucidating more on fixatives and fixation process in histopathology. The information presented in this review was gathered primarily from an extensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Textbooks. Fixatives in histopathology can be grouped into simple and compound fixatives. Simple fixative is a solution or gas which contains only one active ingredient or that has a singlechemical solution. Examples include; Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Mercuric Chloride, Potassium Dichromate, Picric Acid, Osmium Tetroxide, Acetic Acid, Ethanol, Acetone and Chromic Acid. When two or more simple fixatives are combined in a solution, the resulting solution is called a compound fixative. This can be further divided into Microanatomical and cytological fixatives. Examples of a micro-anatomical fixatives include; 10% formal-saline, Heidenhain’s Susa, Boiun’s fluid, Formol Sublimate. Cytological fixatives are grouped into cytoplasmic and nuclear fixatives. Fixation terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions, and also increases the mechanical strength or stability of the treated tissues. To accomplish this, tissue samples are usually immersed immediately in a fixative fluid. The fixatives employed prevent autolysis and putrefaction from taking place. Fixatives are integral substances used in histopathology to forestall the actions of autolysis and putrefaction in tissue samples.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91062733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk indices associated with heavy metals from vegetables cultivated in Tsagero District, Rimi Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Usman, A. Isiyaku, A. Abdullahi, H. G. Lawal, G.C. Wahuma, U.N. Dikko, A. Lawal, A. I. Yaradua","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Local preservation of vegetables involves drying to enhance shelf life. The drying processes could, in turn, contaminate the vegetables with environmental heavy metals. Ingestion of foods contaminated with heavy metals may lead to an increase in the chances of incurring cancer and other health disorders in the consumer population. This study investigated heavy metals contaminations and health risks associated with the consumption vegetables from Turaji, Tsagero District, Rimi Local Government Katsina State, North west Nigeria. The vegetables were three samples of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) as fresh tomato, tomatoes sun-dried along tarred road side, and tomatoes air-dried on farmland soil; three samples of Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper) as fresh sweet pepper, sweet pepper sun-dried along tarred road side and sweet pepper air-dried on farmland soil. The samples were grinded, ashed and digested with HNO3 and HCl separately using standard methods. The heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn, Zn, and Pb) contents of the samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Daily intake, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks as well as hazard indices of the heavy metals were determined. Results of the study showed that the vegetables analyzed generally have low levels of the heavy metals, with Ni being below detection level (BDL) in all the samples. All of the detected heavy metals concentrations were below the maximum permissible limits as set by the regulatory agencies. The calculated target hazard quotient (THQ) Health risk indices (HRIs) of the evaluated heavy metals in all the samples were therefore, less than 1. The Incremental Life time Cancer Risk (ILCR) to the population from consumption of the samples lies within the safe limit (≤10-4). From the results, these vegetables are hence, safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pretreatment on Typha biomass for biogas production","authors":"A. A. Mukhtar, H. M. Sadiq, A. Alhassan, H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Plant biomass as an alternative energy source serves as a viable option for improving sustainable development and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the tight bonding within its constituents may hinder anaerobic digestion, thus, requires pretreatment to break down the complex polysaccharide structure into simpler disaccharide and monosaccharide sugars to facilitate digestion and enhance the production of biogas. The research determined the effect physical and chemical pre-treatment methods of Typha biomass for biogas production. Characteristics determined include; carbonnitrogen (C-N) ratio for Typha biomass, temperature, pH, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of slurry formed by mixing the biomass with cow-dung in ratio 1:1. The volume of biogas produced was determined by water displacement method using an anaerobic digester while the mass balance approach was used to estimate the biogas yield from the TS/VS lost. Results indicated 31.6 C-N ratio; pH of 6.7; Temperature of 32.4OC and TS of 11.3%, which falls within suitable ranges reported for biogas production. The volume of biogas produced was 180 cm3, 235cm3 and 118cm3 for control, physical and chemical pre-treated samples respectively. Similarly, the biogas yield was 21mg/l, 15mg/l and 48mg/l for control, physical and chemical pre-treatment respectively. Hence the findings revealed physical pre-treatment as the best pretreatment method for biogas generation from Typha biomass in relation to chemical pretreatment and untreated Typha biomass.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The facile synthesis of cationic ru(ii)-hydrazine and hydrazone complexes containing ethyldiphenylphosphine and methyldiphenylarsine ligands","authors":"S. O. Owalude, V. Adimula, A. Tella, U. Eke","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"This report demonstrates a simple procedure for the preparation of three Ru(II) hydrazine and hydrazone complexes formulated as [Ru(NH2NH2)2L4][BPh4]2 (L = ethyldiphenylphosphine (3), and [Ru(NH2:CMe2)2L4][BPh4]2 (L = methyldiphenylarsine (4), L = ethyldiphenylphosphine (5). The complexes were characterized by IR, elemental analysis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All the three complexes show N−N absorption in the range between 1031 – 1029 cm-1 indicating the presence of coordinated hydrazine. Evidence of ethyldiphenylphosphine coordination to the Ru(II) centre was further established by 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of 3. The obtained complexes could have potential applications in other fields such as catalysis and synthesis of nanomaterials. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80432210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological assessments of indoor air in the staff quarters of a tertiary institution in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"C.A. Agbonrofo, I. Idemudia, P. Agbonrofo, E. E. Imarhiagbe, B. Ikhajiagbe, F. Ekhaise","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor air contains large number of airborne microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi and their estimation is important for use as index of cleanliness for any particular environment and to determine the relation they bear on human health. This study was aimed at determining the bacteriological air quality of the living rooms in some selected Staff Quarters in University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The airborne bacterial loads of indoor air in the living rooms of Twelve (12) Staff Quarters in University of Benin and University of Benin Teaching Hospital both in Benin City were determined using the Settle Plate methods. The houses were categorized as Apartment 1 which represents University of Benin Junior Staff Quarters (JSQ), Apartment 2 which represents University of Benin Teaching Hospital Quarters, and Apartment 3 which represents University of Benin Senior Staff Quarters (SSQ). The living rooms were sampled twice a month between April, 2017 and September, 2017. The airborne samples were studied using standard microbiological methods and Polymerase Chain Reaction and 16S rRNA techniques were used for the gene sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern and plasmid profile of the characterized airborne bacterial isolates were evaluated using spread plate and agarose gel electrophoresis methods. The temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air environment in the sampled areas in the living rooms were determined using the thermometer and hygrometer respectively. The mean indoor temperature and relative humidity for Apartments 1, 2 and 3 ranged from 26.10 ± 1.190C to 31.20 ± 0.870C and 81 ± 2.70% to 87 ± 1.89% respectively. The mean indoor airborne bacterial counts in Apartment 1 and Apartment 3 ranged between 1.00 x 103 ± 0cfu/m3 to 4.42 x 103 ± 1.42cfu/m3 and 1.09 x 103 ± 0.09cfu/m3 to 5.17 x 103 ± 3.17cfu/m3 respectively. In Apartment 2, the counts ranged from 1.00 x 103 ± 0.00cfu/m3 to 6.99 x 103 ± 4.69cfu/m3. The difference in the airborne bacterial counts obtained in the morning and afternoon period of study in Apartment 1 was statistically significant (P<0.05) while Apartments 2 and 3 showed no significant differences respectively (P>0.05). Ten airborne bacterial isolates were characterized, further characterization by molecular techniques, confirmed them to be identified as Staphylococcus aureus strain S33 R, Bacillus subtilis subsp. strain 168, Oceanobacillus manasiensis strain YD3-56, Streptomyces vietnamensis strain GIM4.0001, Actinosynnema pretiosum strain C-15003, Micrococcus caseolyticus strain 235, Ornithinibacillus composti strain GSS05 and Bacillus ectoiniformans strain NE-14. General and personal hygienic practices are important for healthy living, and living rooms used for close contact interactions and good ventilation. ","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74034300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Uvaria chamae leaves in rats","authors":"O. Enabulele, L.J. Ifeka","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"The immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of methanol extract air-dried, powdered leaves of methanol extract of Uvaria chamae (MEUL) was evaluated in this study using standard methods. Graded doses (50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the extract were administered to winster rats. The control group was given dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Immunomodulatory effect was assessed by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and haemagglutination. Antimicrobial activity of the extract against some clinical bacteria isolates was also conducted. The phytochemicals, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, steroids and terpenoids were detected. The extract showed dose related increase in cellular immunomodulatory activity as assesed by inflammed foot pad of the experimental animals with mean diameter ranging from 2.60±0.95 to 4.90±1.04 mm as against the control group which was 1.30±0.14 mm, (p<0.05). There was significant increase in haemagglutinating antibody titre against sheep red blood cells which ranged from 272±21.27 to 1344±160.64 as against the control group which was 80±10.63 (p<0.01). The methanol extract of Uvaria chamae leaf showed inhibitory activity against the test bacteria isolates. This work indicated that methanol extract of Uvaria chamae leaf has potential immunostimulatory and antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82154368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in biochemical parameters during the solid-state fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus I. Merr) peels by Rhizopus oligosporus","authors":"A. Anigboro, Egosmaka O. Egbune, O. Akeghware, F.O. Ovowa, N. Anyanwu, C. Chebene, C. Ogbeyi, N. J. Tonukari","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes production and other relevant biomolecules from environmental wastes could be easily enhanced or hindered by slight alterations in the bioprocess. In this study, the impact of pH variations on amylase production by Rhizopus oligosporus during the solid state fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) peels was investigated. After five days of fermentation, the variations in glucose and soluble protein levels of the fermented pineapple peels were also investigated. The results established a notable increase (p<0.05) in the levels of soluble proteins and glucose in the fermented pineapple peels at all the pH values tested (pH 3 to 9); however, while they were highest at pH 3, amylase activity was highest at pH 6. This preliminary study shows that solid state fermented pineapple peels are rich in glucose, soluble proteins and amylase.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on energy conversion efficiency of lead-based perovskite solar cells using different transparent conductive oxides","authors":"F. Sani, A. Musa","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention owing to its rapid increase in power conversion efficiency. This work designed and simulated lead-based perovskite solar cells in planar structure; TCO/ TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. To study the effect of various transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) on power conversion efficiency of the devices, Solar Capacitance (SCAP) simulating software was used. To achieve an optimum efficiency, the influence of thickness and band-gap energy of the absorber layer were varied and investigated. The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved using MoO3/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture with PCE of 22.44 % and Voc, Jsc, and FF of 1.0842 V, 25.57 mA/cm2 and 80.94 % respectively. The numerical simulation shows the potential of substituting the conventional FTO and ITO used in perovskite solar cells with MoO3 as a promising transparent conductive oxide layer.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79319487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of inverse α-cuts in multi Q-fuzzy set","authors":"A. Isah, A. Alkali, Y. Tella","doi":"10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In various mathematical theories such as fuzzy sets, fuzzy multisets, fuzzy soft sets, the concept of α-Cuts were applied together with their inverses. However, we noticed that in multi Q-fuzzy sets only α-Cuts were studied without their inverses. In this paper the concept of inverse α-Cuts and their properties in multi Q-fuzzy sets were introduced. Some distinctive features of α-Cuts and inverse α-Cuts were demonstrated. It is shown that as both first and second decomposition theorems hold in the former, it actually fails in the latter. Moreover, unlike α-cuts, it was discovered that, a multi Q-fuzzy set cannot be uniquely represented as the family of all its weak inverse α-cuts. Thus, both α-cuts and inverse α-cuts attract applications in many mathematical fields.","PeriodicalId":8734,"journal":{"name":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81023083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}