Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Dementia and neurodegenerative diseases: What is known and what is promising at the cellular and molecular level","authors":"Olesia F. Moroz,&nbsp;Viktoriia I. Kravchenko,&nbsp;Bohdan O. Kushch,&nbsp;Alexander V. Zholos","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14087","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment, which includes dementia, while there are only symptomatic treatments available for this syndrome at present. However, several important prospective drug targets have been identified in recent years that can potentially arrest or even reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Their natural or synthetic ligands are currently in the experimental stage of drug development. In vitro and preclinical (e.g. using animal models) studies confirm their therapeutic potential, but clinical trials often fail or produce conflicting results. Here, we first review the complexity and typology of dementia, followed by the discussion of currently available treatments, and, finally, some novel molecular and cellular approaches to this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"550-560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isovaleramide attenuates ethylene glycol poisoning-induced acute kidney injury and reduces mortality by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rats","authors":"Kai Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zhang,&nbsp;Jianzhong Yang,&nbsp;Xiaokelaiti Huojiahemaiti,&nbsp;Xinpeng Li,&nbsp;Ziyang Liu,&nbsp;Peng Peng","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14084","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explored the potential value of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor isovaleramide (ISO) in the treatment of acute ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning-induced acute kidney injury. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the control, EG, EG + ISO (10 mg/kg) and EG + ISO (20 mg/kg) groups. It is found that ISO intervention significantly reduced the ADH activity in liver tissue by using visible spectrophotometry, inhibited the in vivo metabolism of EG by using gas chromatography, lowered the levels of toxic metabolites glycolic acid and oxalic acid by using high-performance liquid chromatography and decreased the expression of kidney injury markers serum creatinine (sCr), KIM-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) by ELISA. Additionally, Western blotting results showed that ISO down-regulated the expression of apoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the kidneys and upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. Pizzolato staining and polarized light microscopy results revealed the reduced deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney tubules. Using haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining, we found attenuated kidney tissue pathological injury. Finally, ISO significantly reduced the mortality rate. In conclusion, ISO has the potential to be a valuable drug for the treatment of EG poisoning-induced acute kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"641-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diallyl trisulfide alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via ROS/Trx-1 pathway","authors":"Yue He,&nbsp;Ling Xiao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yanrong Zhu,&nbsp;Yilei Guo,&nbsp;Yufeng Xia,&nbsp;Huatou Zhao,&nbsp;Zhifeng Wei,&nbsp;Yue Dai","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a sulphur-containing compound isolated from the medicinal food plant garlic, has been previously reported to attenuate experimental colitis induced by either dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we deciphered the key mechanism by which DATS alleviates ulcerative colitis (UC). We showed that oral administration of DATS for 10 consecutive days greatly restrained the infiltration of macrophages and the pathological changes in colonic tissues of mice with DSS-induced colitis. DATS treatment notably dampened the content of IL-1β and IL-18 and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colon. Mechanistically, DATS effectively diminished the generation of ROS in macrophages. The suppressive effect of DATS on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and downregulation of IL-18 and IL-1β levels was blunted by xanthine oxidase. Further studies revealed that DATS inhibited NF-κB pathway activation by suppressing the expression of Trx-1, thereby inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trx-1 overexpression and interference in macrophages promoted and diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation, respectively. In summary, garlic and its main active ingredient DATS have potentials to prevent and treat UC, and DATS functions by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Trx-1/ROS pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"593-606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage and chondrocyte phenotypes in inflammation","authors":"Antti Pemmari,&nbsp;Eeva Moilanen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammation is a complex biological process protecting the body from diverse external threats. Effectively performing this task requires an intricate, well-regulated interplay of different cells and tissues. Furthermore, several cells participating in inflammation can assume diverse phenotypes.</p><p>A classic and relatively well-studied example of phenotypic diversity in inflammation is macrophage polarization. Based on the T_H1/T_H2 phenotypes of T helper cells, this scheme has proinflammatory “classical/M1” activation contrasted with the anti-inflammatory and healing-promoting “alternative/M2” phenotype. Some authors have extended the concept into an M17 phenotype induced by the classic T_H17 cytokine IL-17. Phenotypic changes in chondrocytes have also been studied especially in the context of osteoarthritis (OA), and there are indications that these cells can also assume polarized phenotypes at least partly analogous to those of T_H cells and macrophages. The therapeutic success of biological agents targeting T_H1/T_H2/T_H17 inductor and/or effector cytokines displays the utility of the concept of polarization. The aim of this focused review is to survey the internal and external factors affecting macrophage and chondrocyte phenotypes (such as inflammatory cytokines, widely used medications and natural products) and to explore the possibility of ameliorating pathological states by modulating these phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"537-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hypothermia and hypoxia on cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in neonatal Göttingen minipigs","authors":"Marina-Stefania Stroe,&nbsp;Laura De Clerck,&nbsp;Maarten Dhaenens,&nbsp;Rachel Siân Dennis,&nbsp;Dieter Deforce,&nbsp;Sebastien Carpentier,&nbsp;Pieter Annaert,&nbsp;Karen Leys,&nbsp;Anne Smits,&nbsp;Karel Allegaert,&nbsp;Chris Van Ginneken,&nbsp;Steven Van Cruchten","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asphyxiated neonates often undergo therapeutic hypothermia (TH) to reduce morbidity and mortality. As perinatal asphyxia and TH impact neonatal physiology, this could also influence enzyme functionality. Therefore, this study aimed to unravel the impact of age, hypothermia and hypoxia on porcine hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression, protein abundance and activity. Hepatic CYP expression, protein abundance and activity were assessed in naive adult and neonatal Göttingen minipigs, alongside those from an (non-survival) in vivo study, where four conditions—control (C), therapeutic hypothermia (TH), hypoxia (H), hypoxia and TH (H + TH)—were examined. Naive neonatal Göttingen minipigs exhibited 75% lower general CYP activity and different gene expression patterns than adults. In vitro hypothermia (33°C) decreased general CYP activity in adult liver microsomes by 36%. Gene expression was not different between TH and C while hypoxia up-regulated several genes (i.e., <i>CYP3A29</i> [expression ratio; <i>E</i>_<i>R</i> = 5.1472] and CYP2C33 [<i>E</i>_<i>R</i> = 3.2292] in the H group and CYP2C33 [<i>E</i>_<i>R</i> = 2.4914] and CYP2C42 [<i>E</i>_<i>R</i> = 4.0197] in the H + TH group). The medical treatment and the interventions over 24 h, along with hypoxia and TH, affected the protein abundance. These data on CYP expression, abundance and activity in young animals can be valuable in building physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for neonatal drug dose predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"620-640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of five atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine) and the antidepressant mirtazapine in human serum assessed by a validated SPE LC–MS/MS method","authors":"Palle Bach Nielsen Fruekilde,&nbsp;Flemming Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term sample stability of five atypical antipsychoticdrugs risperidone, paliperidone, clozapine, quetiapine and olanzapine and the antidepressant drug mirtazapine in serum was studied by use of a newly developed and validated analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Ascorbic acid was used as an antioxidative agent to stabilize olanzapine during storage and sample preparation.</p><p>We assessed analyte stability on long-term storage in serum samples at 25°C, 5°C, −20°C and −80°C, and during five freeze–thaw cycles. Analytes were stable for 23 days at room temperature except for olanzapine and mirtazapine (17 days). All analytes were stable for at least 30 days at 5°C. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −20°C, except for paliperidone and mirtazapine with 60 days and 180 days, respectively. All analytes were stable for 270 days at −80°C. Furthermore, all analytes were stable for five freeze–thaw cycles.</p><p>We recommend storage at −80°C when samples drawn for analysis of antipsychotic drugs are stored for more than 60 days, whereas a temperature of −20°C is sufficient for storage less than 60 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"607-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin injections for managing motor disorders of patients with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Fang Gao,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhao,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Luoman Hu,&nbsp;Chengfei Gao","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for managing motor disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). An electronic search was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data from available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing BTX injections for motor disorders in PD patients were extracted for meta-analysis. Ultimately, 215 patients from eight RCTs were enrolled. Pooled analyses indicated that BTX was more effective than placebo in improving tremor (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.96, 95% CI [0.34, 1.58], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas no notable differences were observed between BTX and placebo regarding freezing of gait (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [−0.26, 1.58], <i>p</i> = 0.162), United Parkinson's Disease Rate Scale (UPDRS) III score (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI [−1.17, 0.76], <i>p</i> = 0.68) and clinical global impression (CGI) score (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI [−0.74, 2.42], <i>p</i> = 0.298). Adverse events related to BTX injections were comparable to placebo (OR = 1.74, 95% CI [0.59, 5.14], <i>p</i> = 0.32). The current evidence suggests that BTX is effective and safe in treating PD tremor but fails to provide therapeutic benefits for freezing of gait and motor functional scores in PD patients. Furthermore, the limited number of included studies and heterogeneity in BTX intervention protocols suggest more research is needed, with additional standardized RCTs, to better understand and optimize BTX injections for motor disorders in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"655-663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Plasma concentrations of methylphenidate enantiomers in adults with ADHD and substance use disorder, with focus on high doses and relationship to carboxylesterase activity”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Arvidsson, M</span>, <span>Franck, J</span>, <span>Ackehed, G</span>, et al. <span>Plasma concentrations of methylphenidate enantiomers in adults with ADHD and substance use disorder, with focus on high doses and relationship to carboxylesterase activity</span>. <i>Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol</i> <span>2022</span>; <span>130</span>(<span>4</span>): <span>492</span>–<span>500</span>, DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13707.</p><p>Figure 3 caption should be:</p><p><b>FIGURE 3</b> <i>d</i>-RA/<i>d</i>-MPH metabolic ratio (MR) in subjects with multiple samples (<i>n</i> = 12) and those with only one visit (1A, <i>n</i> = 9). Subjects with an MR variability exceeding 3 between the lowest and highest MR are shown with dotted lines.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 4","pages":"534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal cannabis extracts are neuroprotective against Aβ1–42-mediated toxicity in vitro","authors":"Dylan T. Marsh,&nbsp;Mayu Shibuta,&nbsp;Ryuji Kato,&nbsp;Scott D. Smid","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phytocannabinoids inhibit the aggregation and neurotoxicity of the neurotoxic Alzheimer's disease protein β amyloid (Aβ). We characterised the capacity of five proprietary medical cannabis extracts, heated and non-heated, with varying ratios of cannabidiol and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol and their parent carboxylated compounds to protect against lipid peroxidation and Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroprotection against lipid peroxidation and Aβ_1–42-induced cytotoxicity was assessed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualise phytocannabinoid effects on Aβ_1–42 aggregation and fluorescence microscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)-predominant cannabis extracts demonstrated the most significant overall neuroprotection against Aβ_1–42-induced loss of PC12 cell viability. These protective effects were still significant after heating of extracts, while none of the extracts provided significant neuroprotection to lipid peroxidation via <i>t</i>bhp exposure. Modest inhibition of Aβ_1–42 aggregation was demonstrated only with the non-heated BC-401 cannabis extract, but overall, there was no clear correlation between effects on fibrils and conferral of neuroprotection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the variable neuroprotective activity of cannabis extracts containing major phytocannabinoids THC/THCA and cannabidiol (CBD)/cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on Aβ-evoked neurotoxicity and inhibition of amyloid β aggregation. This may inform the future use of medicinal cannabis formulations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"575-592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dapagliflozin prevents reproductive damage caused by acute systemic inflammation through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms","authors":"Senay Topsakal,&nbsp;Ozlem Ozmen,&nbsp;Halil Asci,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Gulal,&nbsp;Kadriye Nilay Ozcan,&nbsp;Bunyamin Aydin","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dapagliflozin (DPG) is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that has been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties in diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of DPG administration in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in the female genital system. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + DPG group and DPG group. At the end of the experimental phase, ovary, fallopian tube and uterus tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, genetic and biochemical analyses. The findings showed that LPS caused histopathological changes characterized by marked hyperaemia, mild to moderate haemorrhage, oedema and neutrophil leucocyte infiltrations and degenerative and necrotic changes in the female genital tract. In addition, it decreased total antioxidant status (TAS), increased total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. LPS also increased the expressions of Cas-3, G-CSF and IL-1β in the ovary, fallopian tubes and uterus immunohistochemically. While Claudin-1 expression decreased, NLRP3 and AQP4 gene expressions increased due to LPS. However, DPG treatment prevented all these changes. The results of this study indicate that, DPG can be used to prevent LPS-induced lesions in the female reproductive system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 5","pages":"561-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}