Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to ‘Medication use among the oldest old in the Faroe Islands—A national cross-sectional study’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Niklasdottir S, Joensen N, Christensen K, Petersen MS. Medication use among the oldest old in the Faroe Islands—A national cross-sectional study. <i>Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol</i>. 2024;134(6):833–845. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.14012</p><p>In the above article, we wrote that 494 people aged 90 or older in the Faroe Islands were invited to participate. This is not correct as 66 of the 494 identified individuals passed away before the invitation letter was sent. Thus, 428 people received the invitation letter, and with 298 participating, the participation rate is 69.6%, not 60.3% as stated in the article.</p><p>This error affects the sections below where numbers have revised:</p><p><i>Abstract</i></p><p>In this population-based cross-sectional study, 428 individuals ≥90 years were invited and 298 (69.6%) participated.</p><p><i>2.1 Study population</i></p><p>This study is a nation-wide, population-based cross-sectional study, with possible future longitudinal follow-up. All 494 individuals ≥90 years in the Faroe Islands by 1 August 2021 were identified through the Faroese Population Registry but 66 died before the invitation letter was sent. Thus, 428 individuals received an invitation letter explaining the study and asking consent for a research nurse to come to their residence (home or institution) to conduct a face-to-face interview, a concomitant clinical examination to assess their mental and physical functioning and draw a blood sample.</p><p><i>2.4 Results</i></p><p>Of the 428 individuals receiving an invitation, 298 individuals participated (69.6% of eligible residents) with a mean age of 93 years (range 90.2–106.2 years) and 69% (<i>n</i> = 205) women.</p><p><i>3.1 Strengths and limitations</i></p><p>A major strength of the study is the nationwide character of the study, including 69.6% of eligible individuals.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 3","pages":"372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141478348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing different postoperative sedation strategies for patients in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis","authors":"Qinxue Hu,&nbsp;Xing Liu,&nbsp;Yuancai Xiang,&nbsp;Xianying Lei,&nbsp;Hong Yu,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Jianguo Feng","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various postoperative sedation protocols with different anaesthetics lead to profound effects on the outcomes for post-cardiac surgery patients. However, a comprehensive analysis of optimal postoperative sedation strategies for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery is lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases including PubMed and Embase. The primary outcome measured the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the ICU, and the secondary outcome encompassed the length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and hospital and the monitoring adverse events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The literature included 18 RCTs (1652 patients) with 13 sedation regimens. Dexmedetomidine plus ketamine and sevoflurane were associated with a significantly reduced duration of MV when compared with propofol. Our results also suggested that dexmedetomidine plus ketamine may associated with a shorter LOS in ICU, and sevoflurane associated with a shorter LOS in the hospital, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine seems to be a better option for adult patients needing sedation after cardiac surgery, and the incidence of side effects is lower with dexmedetomidine. These findings have potential implications for medication management in the perioperative pharmacotherapy of cardiac surgery patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"180-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to lidocaine in early life does not cause negative long-term behavioural changes in mice","authors":"Sonja Buratovic,&nbsp;Gaetan Philippot,&nbsp;Bo Stenerlöw,&nbsp;Per-Arne Lönnqvist","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The local anaesthetic lidocaine is widely used in the neonatal intensive unit to treat seizures in premature babies. However, other antiepileptics administered during early development in various animal models have shown negative long-term behavioural effects. Since no long-term behavioural data so far exist regarding lidocaine exposure at an early age, we decided to perform this extended follow-up study using a sensitive behavioural test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neonatal mice received a subcutaneous administration of saline or one dose of lidocaine (0.5, 4, or 12 mg kg⁻¹) on postnatal day 10 (P10; peak of the Brain Growth Spurt). A well-established test to detect long-term behavioural alterations was conducted at 2 and 6 months of age, corresponding to early and late adulthood in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All animal survived to later testing. No signs of acute toxicity were observed. Lidocaine exposure did not result in any negative behavioural effects during habituation to a new home environment at any of the two studied time points, compared to saline placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lidocaine does not by itself produce any negative long-term behavioural effects in mice exposed in early life (P10) despite long-term follow-up. This is reassuring regarding the current practice of treating seizures in premature babies with intravenous lidocaine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-acetylcysteine as a potentially safe adjuvant in the treatment of neurotoxicity due to pirimiphos-methyl poisoning","authors":"Adamczuk Piotr,&nbsp;Jamka Konrad,&nbsp;Bojar Hubert,&nbsp;Łukawski Krzysztof,&nbsp;Raszewski Grzegorz","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exogenous, well-established antioxidant N-acetylcysteine can reduce or prevent the deleterious effects of pesticides. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of daily single dose of N-acetylcysteine administration, we investigated the impact of this adjuvant on the treatment with atropine and/or obidoxime as well as oxidative stress response in pyrimiphos-methyl-induced toxicity. We found that N-acetylcysteine significantly reduces the oxidative stress generated by pyrimiphos-methyl. The therapy consisting of atropine and/or obidoxime routinely used in organophosphorous insecticide poisonings, including pyrimiphos-methyl, had no effect on the antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine. Adjunctive treatment offered by N-acetylcysteine fills therapeutic gap and may provide the full potential against pyrimiphos-methyl-induced toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnane X receptor activation induces liver enlargement and regeneration and simultaneously promotes the metabolic activity of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11 in rats","authors":"Guofang Bi,&nbsp;Fengting Liang,&nbsp;Ting Wu,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Xiaowen Jiang,&nbsp;Shuang Hu,&nbsp;Chenghua Wu,&nbsp;Wenhong Zhou,&nbsp;Jiayin Guo,&nbsp;Xiao Yang,&nbsp;Jian-hong Fang,&nbsp;Wenying Chen,&nbsp;Huichang Bi","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is critical for regulating the expression of key drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A and CYP2C. Our recent study revealed that treatment with rodent-specific PXR agonist pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) significantly induced hepatomegaly and promoted liver regeneration after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice. However, it remains unclear whether PXR activation induces hepatomegaly and liver regeneration and simultaneously promotes metabolic function of the liver. Here, we investigated the metabolism activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11 during PXR activation-induced liver enlargement and regeneration in rats after cocktail dosing of CYP probe drugs. For PCN-induced hepatomegaly, a notable increase in the metabolic activity of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11, as evidenced by the plasma exposure of probe substrates and the AUC ratios of the characteristic metabolites to its corresponding probe substrates. The metabolic activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11 decreased significantly after PHx. However, PCN treatment obviously enhanced the metabolic activity of CYP2C6/11 and CYP3A1/2 in PHx rats. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11 in liver were up-regulated. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PXR activation not only induces hepatomegaly and liver regeneration in rats, but also promotes the protein expression and metabolic activity of the PXR downstream metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A1/2 and CYP2C6/11 in the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"148-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alleviatory effects of koumine on MSU-induced gouty arthritis via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway","authors":"Shi-kang Lin,&nbsp;Shi-ting Chen,&nbsp;Ying Zhan,&nbsp;Xin-yue Guo,&nbsp;Wen-tao Wu,&nbsp;Yi-ting Lin,&nbsp;Chang-xi Yu,&nbsp;Jian Yang","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to validate the preventive effects of koumine (KM), a monoterpene indole alkaloid, on gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore its possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered KM (0.8, 2.4 or 7.2 mg/kg), colchicine (3.0 mg/kg) or sterile saline. One hour later, a monosodium urate (MSU) suspension was injected into the right hind paws of the mice to establish an acute gout model. Inflammation symptoms were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold was evaluated at 0, 6 and 24 h. After 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and the joint tissue, kidney and blood were collected for subsequent experiments. Histological examination and antioxidant enzyme, kidney index and serum uric acid (UA) measurements were taken. The expression levels of the signalling pathway components were determined. KM effectively alleviated the symptoms of redness, swelling and pain; counteracted inflammatory cell infiltration; and increased antioxidant enzyme levels, reduced kidney index and serum UA levels through regulating UA excretion in MSU-induced mice. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathway proteins and mRNA were reduced in the KM group. These results suggest that KM may be effective in alleviating GA through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"133-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of the cytochrome P450 *alleles for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in a cohort of the Danish Blood Donor Study determined by using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array","authors":"Steffen Jørgensen,&nbsp;Thorsten Brodersen,&nbsp;Ole Birger Vesterager Pedersen,&nbsp;Niels Westergaard","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14040","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) drug metabolizing enzymes are the key enzymes in catalysing the oxidative biotransformation of 70%–80% of all drugs in clinical use to either inactive metabolites or active substances.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1, 2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Polymorphism of genes encoding the CYP450 family of enzymes has attracted considerable attention as the major targets for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing since they are highly polymorphic and thereby determining for drug response and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3-5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19&lt;/i&gt; are both members of the CYP2C superfamily and located on chromosome 10. Both genes are highly polymorphic, and a large number of alleles have been identified in the human population.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6, 7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; These alleles are defined by specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which may affect enzyme function and thereby drug metabolism. CYP2C9 is involved in the metabolism of commonly used drugs, such as warfarin and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example, diclofenac and ibuprofen, whereas CYP2C19 is involved in the metabolism of, for example, clopidogrel, citalopram and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The most frequent &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19&lt;/i&gt; alleles beside the *1 allele found in the European population are &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9*2&lt;/i&gt; (430C &gt; T, rs1799853) leading to decreased enzymatic function and &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9*3&lt;/i&gt; (1075A &gt; C, rs1057910)&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with no function&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and for CYP2C19 the alleles are &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19*2&lt;/i&gt; (681G &gt; A, rs4244285) with no function and &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19*17&lt;/i&gt; (−806C &gt; T, rs12248560) having increased enzymatic function, due to enhanced gene expression.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS) is a national prospective research cohort and biobank initiated in 2010 and became nationwide in 2015. The cohort consists of healthy blood donors for which questionnaire data and blood samples are collected upon inclusion.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10, 11&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The aim of this study was to compare and validate genotype data obtained with the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 from 100 180 participants in the DBDS cohort against a random sample of 65 individuals of the same DBDS cohort, where the genotypes were additionally determined by using the ViennaLab CYP2C9 mpx RealFast PCR genotyping assay and 67 individuals were determined by using the Luminex xTAG CYP2C19 Kit v3 genotyping assay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19*2&lt;/i&gt; (c.681G &gt; A, rs4244285), &lt;i&gt;CYP2C19*17&lt;/i&gt; (c.−806C &gt; T, rs12248560), &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9*2&lt;/i&gt; (c.430C &gt; T, rs1799853) and &lt;i&gt;CYP2C9*3&lt;/i&gt; (1075A &gt; C, rs1057910) were measured in 100 180 individuals (DBDS freeze 20 210 503). The genome-wide genotyping was performed by deCODE (Reykjavik, Iceland) using Illumina's Infinium Global Screening Array v2.0 (Illumina, San Diego, California, USA), henceforth Illumina GSA, a hig","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aflatoxin B1 induces ROS-dependent mitophagy by modulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in HepG2 cells","authors":"Yuxi Wang,&nbsp;Lan Long,&nbsp;Qian Luo,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao Meng,&nbsp;Dayi Chen","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely harmful to both humans and animals. Mitophagy is a selective process of self-elimination and has an important role in controlling mitochondrial quality. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation on AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells to provide a new perspective from which to design novel therapeutic strategies to treat AFB1 poisoning. ROS release was induced in HepG2 cells with AFB1 (10 μmol/L). Cell autophagy activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, Parkin translocation and both the transcription and expression of mitophagy-related proteins were measured when N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) partially decreased the ROS level, while the knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) resulted in a large accumulation of ROS. The results reveal that NAC pretreatment ameliorated the decline in both the MMP and the ATP levels while also activating phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)-PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin, while the Nrf2 knockdown group exhibited the opposite trend. These results suggest that AFB1-induced mitophagy in HepG2 cells depends on ROS, and proper ROS activates mitophagy to play a protective role.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"195-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro effect of hyoscine-N-butyl bromide and diclofenac sodium in human tuba uterina","authors":"Mustafa Sengul,&nbsp;Baris Karadas,&nbsp;Selin Acar-Sahan,&nbsp;Ozan Ozturk,&nbsp;Huseyin Yılmaz,&nbsp;Fatma Simsek,&nbsp;Tijen Kaya-Temiz","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the in vitro effect of diclofenac on tubal smooth muscle as an alternative to hyoscine-<i>N</i>-butyl bromide, which is used for premedication before hysterosalpingography (HSG).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fallopian tubes were retrieved from seven healthy women after bilateral tubal ligation and in vitro contractility and histological studies were conducted using tissue bath and immunohistochemistry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diclofenac sodium and hyoscine-<i>N</i>-butyl bromide did not significantly change the basal mean tension; however, they decreased the contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl). The relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium and hyoscine-<i>N</i>-butyl bromide was not statistically significantly different. The presence of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme in the fallopian tube was demonstrated by immunohistochemical studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The in vitro relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium on the fallopian tube is similar to hyoscine-<i>N</i>-butyl bromide. Diclofenac may have the potential to be used as an alternative to hyoscine-<i>N</i>-butyl bromide in premedication in HSG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by estrogens and estrogen receptors in Alzheimer's disease: A focused review","authors":"Shokouh Arjmand,&nbsp;Mehran Ilaghi,&nbsp;Ali Karimi Sisakht,&nbsp;Matti Bock Guldager,&nbsp;Gregers Wegener,&nbsp;Anne M. Landau,&nbsp;Albert Gjedde","doi":"10.1111/bcpt.14035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bcpt.14035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. In this review, we proceed from the understanding that the canonical amyloid-β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ERs) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and ERs potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8733,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"135 2","pages":"115-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bcpt.14035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}