Behavioral and neural biology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of an exogenous β-amyloid peptide on retention for spatial learning","authors":"Michael P. McDonald ,&nbsp;Eric E. Dahl ,&nbsp;J. Bruce Overmier ,&nbsp;Patrick Mantyh ,&nbsp;James Cleary","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80059-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80059-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three experiments assessed the effects of <em>β</em>-amyloid 1–40 (<em>β</em>A4) on spatial learning in Sprague-Dawley rats. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a signaled footshock avoidance in a Y-maze. Rats received a single injection of <em>β</em>A4 or vehicle in both sides of the hippocampus immediately after the fifth trial. The <em>β</em>A4 group took significantly longer than the vehicle group to learn to avoid the shock when trained to criterion 1 week later, suggesting a detrimental effect of <em>β</em>A4 on memory consolidation. Experiment 2 used a food reinforcer rather than shock relief under procedures similar to Experiment 1. Again, the <em>β</em>A4 group took longer to learn the maze to criterion. This shows that the effect in Experiment 1 was not specific to shock-maintained learning. In Experiment 3, rats were trained to retrieve a food pellet from each arm of an eight-arm radial maze. After training to criterion, <em>β</em>4 or vehicle was administered intrahippocampally 30 min before the daily session for 26 sessions. There were no acute or chronic effects of <em>β</em>A4 injection on radial maze performance, and no aggregation of <em>β</em>A4 or significant necrosis was observed upon postmortem histological analysis. These experiments suggest that single injections of <em>β</em>A4 impair memory consolidation, but repeated injections of <em>β</em>A4 over an extended period do not affect well-learned behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80059-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18940112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological correlates to cued attentional shifts in the visual and auditory modalities","authors":"Kenneth Hugdahl,&nbsp;Helge Nordby","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80055-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80055-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reaction time (RT) is usually speeded and slowed tocorrectly and incorrectly cued target stimuli, respectively, in experiments on attention shift (<span>Posner, 1988</span>). When targets occur in a spatial location different from the cue, shifting attention from the cued location to the target location involves <em>interrupt</em> of ongoing activity, <em>move</em> attention to the new location, and <em>reengage</em> attention. The present study investigated whether the cognitive operations involved in cued vs uncued attentional shifts also were detectable in the event-related potentials (ERPs). Two experiments are reported, one with visual and one with auditory stimuli. In the visual modality, the cue and target were a lit-up square and an asterisk, respectively, shown on a computer screen. In the auditory modality, the cue was a tone in either the left or right ear, followed by the target noise in either the same or the opposite ear. The results from the visual experiment showed shorter RTs to correctly cued (Valid) targets and longer RTs to incorrectly cued (Invalid) targets. Invalidly cued targets elicited enhanced P3 amplitudes, with a frontocentral distribution. Reduced P3 amplitudes were observed on Valid trials, largest reduction for parietooccipital leads. The auditory experiment showed P3 enhancement frontally and reduced amplitudes at temporal and parietal leads. No RT differences were seen to Valid and Invalid trials. The existence of an anterior attention system involved in interrupt and disengage of attention, and a posterior attention facilitation system related to cue presentation is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80055-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18940862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Both non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors are necessary for memory consolidation in the day-old chick","authors":"N.S. Rickard,&nbsp;A.C. Poot,&nbsp;M.E. Gibbs,&nbsp;K.T. Ng","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80056-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Day-old chicks (black Australorp-white Leghorn)trained to avoid an aversive stimulus will usually retain memory for this event indefinitely. The passive avoidance task used involves a period of pretraining where chicks peck freely at two differently colored glass beads, a single training trial where one of the beads is coated in a chemical aversant eliciting typical disgust reactions from the chicks, and a test trial where both beads are presented dry, and discrimination memory is demonstrated by avoidance of the previously aversive bead with continued pecking of the nonaversive bead. Intracranial administration of a <em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist (50 <em>μM</em> 2-amino-5-phosphopentanoate) immediately after or prior to learning, or a non-<em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist (100 <em>μM</em> 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione) between 10 and 25 min after learning, resulted in amnesia for this taks at 80 to 90 min post-training. These data indicate that processes dependent on <em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate and non-<em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate glutamate receptor activation are necessary for memory consolidation of a passive avoidance task in the day-old chick. Since these agents must be administered during the earlier stages of memory formation to cause amnesia, the receptors are probably activated close to the time of learning. The delayed effect of these antagonists, however, suggests that memory is independent of these receptors until quite late in the memory consolidation process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80056-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18940863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Advisory Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80051-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80051-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Page CO2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80051-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137362985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801 impairs navigational learning in homing pigeons","authors":"Lauren V. Riters,&nbsp;Verner P. Bingman","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80058-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80058-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study employed the <em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 to investigate the possible importance of NMDA receptor activation for naturally occurring spatial learning in birds by exploiting the navigational ability of homing pigeons (<em>Columba livia</em>). Control pigeons released from two unfamiliar release sites displayed vanishing bearings that were poorly oriented. However, when released a second time from the same sites they displayed improved homeward orientation. The control birds apparently learned something about the spatial relationships of stimuli at the release sites on the first releases and used that information to orient better when released a second time from the same locations. Experimental pigeons given the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.10 mg/kg) initially behaved as controls, orienting poorly when released for the first time from the two sites. In contrast to controls, the experimental birds failed to show significant improvement in orientation when released again from the same sites without MK-801. A second experiment revealed no state-dependent learning. Results of a position/color discrimination task showed that the impairments observed did not generalize to associative learning in an operant chamber, and together with field observations were not a result of sensory or motor drug effects. The data indicate that blocking NMDA receptors can disrupt navigational learning in homing pigeons. As such, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA receptor activation plays an important role in spatial learning in birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80058-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18940866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential behavioral effects of supracallosal and infracallosal lesions of the septohippocampal pathways: No ameliorative effects of oxotremorine or pilocarpine on radial-maze performance","authors":"Paul L. Greene,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Cassel,&nbsp;Christian Kelche,&nbsp;Hélène Jeltsch,&nbsp;Alison M. Bratt,&nbsp;Bruno E. Will","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80053-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examined the effects in young adult female Long-Evans rats of single or combined lesions of the infracallosal and supracallosal septohippocampal pathways on a battery of behavioral tasks over two postoperative periods (14–65 and 75–150 days, respectively). During the first period, rats with lesions of the infracallosal pathways, whether given alone or in combination with lesions of the supracallosal pathways, were more active in the open field and in their home cage, and showed increased reactivity to novel extracage stimuli. Behavioral results during the second postoperative period were similar to those of the first except that rats with lesions of the infracallosal pathways (either alone or in combination with lesions of the supracallosal pathways) were no longer hyperactive in their home cage and rats with the infracallosal lesion alone were no longer hyperactive in the open field. We also observed in rats with lesions of the infracallosal pathways impaired performance in the radial-arm maze task, whether conducted under an uninterrupted protocol (first and second postoperative periods) or with a 1-min intratrial interruption (second postoperative period). Thus, behavioral deficits were observed only in rats with a lesion to the infracallosal component of the septohippocampal pathways, the behavior of rats with the combined lesions being similar to that of rats with single lesions of the infracallosal pathways in most measures. The behavior of rats with lesions of the supracallosal pathways did not differ from that of shamoperated controls in any measure at either postoperative period. Acute, systemic injections of oxotremorine (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg, ip) or pilocarpine (0.32 or 1.0 mg/kg, ip), two muscarinic agonists, did not affect radial-arm maze performance under either the uninterrupted or the interrupted protocol. The use of nonspecific muscarinic agonists does not appear to be sufficient to enhance radial-arm maze performance in rats with infracallosal septo-hippocampal lesions which, in contrast to supracallosal lesions, were shown to induce a deficit in this task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"Pages 4-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80053-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18940864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine on flavor memory: Conditioned aversion, latent inhibition, and habituation of neophobia","authors":"Luis Aguado,&nbsp;Ana San Antonio,&nbsp;Leticia Pérez,&nbsp;Rafael del Valle,&nbsp;Javier Gómez","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80010-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80010-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In four experiments with rats, the effects of the NMDA antagonist ketamine on several forms of gustatory learning were studied. Replicating previous findings, in Experiment 1 ketamine was shown to impair one-trial acquisition of a flavor aversion at the dose of 25 mg/kg, but also produced a significant state-dependency effect. In Experiment 2 ketamine did not alter the process of habituation of neophobia to a new flavor. Abolition of latent inhibition by ketamine injected before preexposure in Experiment 3a was not replicated in Experiment 3b when ketamine was injected before all phases of the experiment. Finally, in Experiment 4 rats injected with ketamine showed slower acquisition of a flavor aversion with a multiple-trial procedure but finally reached a level similar to that shown by saline controls. The implications of these results for an interpretation of the effects of ketamine on flavor aversion learning in terms of interference with flavor memory storage are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"61 3","pages":"Pages 271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80010-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19061944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrahippocampal or intraamygdala infusion of KN62, a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, causes retrograde amnesia in the rat","authors":"Claudia Wolfman,&nbsp;Cyntia Fin,&nbsp;Marcelo Dias,&nbsp;Marino Bianchin,&nbsp;Ricardo C. Da Silva,&nbsp;Paulo K. Schmitz,&nbsp;Jorge H. Medina,&nbsp;Ivan Izquierdo","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80001-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80001-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the effect of a bilateral post-trainingintracerebral infusion of KN62, a specific inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-II), on memory. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the early phases of long-term potentiation. Male Wistar rats were implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus or at the junction between the central and the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala. After recovery, rats were trained in step-down inhibitory avoidance using a 0.5-mA footshock and tested for retention 24 h later. At various times after training (0, 30, 120, or 240 min for the animals implanted into the hippocampus; 0 or 240 min for the animals implanted in the amygdala) they received, through the cannulae, an infusion of vehicle (0.1% dimethylsulfoxide in water) or KN62 (100 <em>μ</em>mol/side). KN62 caused full retrograde amnesia when given 0 min after training into either the amygdala or the hippocampus. When given into the hippocampus 30 min post-training it had a partial amnestic effect. When given 120 min after training into the hippocampus, or 240 min after training into either structure, KN62 had no effect. The data suggest that the early phase of memory requires intact CaM-II activity in the amygdala and hippocampus and support the hypothesis that memory involves long-term potentiation initiated at the time of training in both structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"61 3","pages":"Pages 203-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80001-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19061971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible activation of GABA and l-glutamate uptake intosynaptosomes isolated from the rat brain in response to a single carbacholine injection into hippocampus","authors":"A.D. Zharikova ,&nbsp;V.I. Arkhipov","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80003-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80003-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present investigation the functional activity oftransport systems mediating the GABA and <span>l</span>-glutamate uptake into nerve terminals of the rat brain cortex and hippocampus in response to a single carbacholine administration to hippocampus was studied. It has been established that synaptosomes isolated from the brain cortex and hippocampus of rats used in the experiments 24 h after a single carbacholine injection possess an increased capability of GABA and <span>l</span>-glutamate accumulation, and 48 h later the GABA and <span>l</span>-glutamate uptake begins to return to its control level and was equal to it on seventh day after injection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"61 3","pages":"Pages 214-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80003-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19061973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-amygdala infusion of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist AP5 impairs acquisition but not performance of discriminated approach to an appetitive CS","authors":"Lindsay H. Burns ,&nbsp;Barry J. Everitt ,&nbsp;Trevor W. Robbins","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80007-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80007-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present experiments investigated the effects ofblocking glutamate transmission in the amygdala on the learning and subsequent performance of a discriminated approach response to food, as well as on locomotor activity and a test of neophobia to food. In the appetitive conditioning experiment, three separate groups of rats received intra-amgydala infusions of PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) or 1.0 or 3.0 nmol of AP5, an antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype, immediately before each conditioning session. The effects of AP5 on the performance of the discriminated approach response were tested in a fourth group of animals. AP5 dose-dependently impaired the discriminated approach response during the acquisition of the stimulus-reward association but had no effect on the performance of this response after this association was learned. These results suggest that glutamate transmission in the amgydala at the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype is important in the learning process. In separate experiments, intra-amygdala AP5 increased locomotor activity and attenuated the neophobia to food in a novel environment by increasing approaches to the food. Together, these findings parallel the effects of lesions to the basolateral amgydala. In addition, the specific effects on learning are consistent with the hypothesis that NMDA-receptor-mediated LTP underlies specific forms of learning within the amygdala.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8732,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and neural biology","volume":"61 3","pages":"Pages 242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0163-1047(05)80007-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18911173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}