Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)最新文献

Postdocs are doing it for themselves: peer mentorship and why it matters 博士后们正在为自己做这件事:同侪指导及其重要性

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20220301

Peter S Myers, Catherine R. Hoyt

引用次数: 0

A timeseries analysis of the fracture callus extracellular matrix proteome during bone fracture healing. 骨折愈合过程中骨痂细胞外基质蛋白质组的时间序列分析。

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.36069/JoLS/20220601

Christopher B Erickson, Ryan Hill, Donna Pascablo, Galateia Kazakia, Kirk Hansen, Chelsea Bahney

{"title":"A timeseries analysis of the fracture callus extracellular matrix proteome during bone fracture healing.","authors":"Christopher B Erickson, Ryan Hill, Donna Pascablo, Galateia Kazakia, Kirk Hansen, Chelsea Bahney","doi":"10.36069/JoLS/20220601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JoLS/20220601","url":null,"abstract":"While most bones fully self-heal, certain diseases require bone allograft to assist with fracture healing. Bone allografts offer promise as treatments for such fractures due to their osteogenic properties. However, current bone allografts made of decellularized bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have high failure rates, and thus grafts which improve fracture healing outcomes are needed. Understanding specific changes to the ECM proteome during normal fracture healing would enable the identification of key proteins that could be used enhance osteogenicity of bone allograft. Here, we performed a timeseries analysis of the fracture callus in mice to investigate proteomic and mineralization changes to the ECM at key stages of fracture healing. We found that changes to the ECM proteome largely coincide with the distinct phases of fracture healing. Basement membrane proteins (AGRN, COL4, LAMA), cartilage proteins (COL2A1, ACAN), and collagen crosslinking enzymes (LOXL, PLOD, ITIH) were initially upregulated, followed by bone specific proteoglycans and collagens (IBSP, COL1A1). Various tissue proteases (MMP2, 9, 13, 14; CTSK, CTSG, ELANE) were expressed at different levels throughout fracture healing. These changes coordinated with mineralization of the fracture callus, which increased steeply during the initial stages of healing. Interestingly the later timepoint was characterized by a response to wound healing and high expression of clotting factors (F2, 7, 9, 10). We identified ELANE and ITIH2 as tissue remodeling enzymes having no prior known involvement with fracture healing. This data can be further mined to identify regenerative proteins for enhanced bone graft design.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"3 4","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236279/pdf/nihms-1812454.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40403570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

RNA oxidation: Role of polynucleotide phosphorylase in the quality control of oxidized RNA RNA氧化:多核苷酸磷酸化酶在氧化RNA质量控制中的作用

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20210603

Sulochan Malla, Alexander Kwakye

{"title":"RNA oxidation: Role of polynucleotide phosphorylase in the quality control of oxidized RNA","authors":"Sulochan Malla, Alexander Kwakye","doi":"10.36069/jols/20210603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20210603","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species is one of the most common cellular RNA damaging agents in living organisms. A growing number of studies show a strong correlation between oxidatively damaged RNA and human diseases, predominantly age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidized RNAs impair the fundamental cellular processes including gene regulatory activities and protein synthesis. Molecular characterization of oxidized RNA such as understanding the sources of RNA oxidation, their mechanism of action, and cellular consequences may help to unravel their involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Several proteins and factors with potential function to control RNA oxidation have been identified. Here, we will discuss the role of oxidized RNA binding protein polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) in the quality control of oxidized RNA. PNPase is an evolutionarily conserved 3’-5’ exoribonuclease having multifaceted RNA regulatory roles. Apart from binding to oxidized RNA, PNPase reduces the level of RNA oxidation and protects cells during oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss RNA oxidation and its quality control process with a specific focus on PNPase in regulating oxidized RNA.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47570667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Bacteria: our ally in the fight against cancer 细菌:我们对抗癌症的盟友

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20210601

B. Kushwaha, Manish Charan

引用次数: 0

In silico screening for investigating the potential activity of phytoligands against SARS-CoV-2 研究植物配体抗SARS-CoV-2潜在活性的计算机筛选

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.36069/JOLS/20210302

A. Balkrishna, P. Thakur, Shivam Singh, Namita Singh, A. Tanwar, R. Sharma

{"title":"In silico screening for investigating the potential activity of phytoligands against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"A. Balkrishna, P. Thakur, Shivam Singh, Namita Singh, A. Tanwar, R. Sharma","doi":"10.36069/JOLS/20210302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JOLS/20210302","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a life-threatening respiratory illness with high rates of morbidity and mortality. As of date, there is no specific medicine to treat COVID-19. Therefore, there is an acute need to identify evidence-based holistic and safe mitigators. The present study aims to screen phytochemicals based on bioprospection analysis and subsequently predicting their binding potential to SARS-CoV-2 proteins in silico. The drug likeliness and ADMETox descriptors of 24 phytoligands were computationally predicted. Docking studies were further conducted with those phytoligands that qualified the drug likeliness parameters. Docking studies suggested that the herbal moiety, namely, gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated highly significant binding energies with viral spike glycoprotein, endoribonuclease, and main protease (binding energy ≥ -490 kcal/mol for all the tested target viral proteins). Gamma-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine demonstrated more significant binding potential as compared to the known chemical analog, i.e., hydroxychloroquine, as observed in the computational docking studies. This study serves to present pre-eminent information for further clinical studies highlighting the utility of herbal ligands as probable lead molecules for mitigating novel Coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

T cell receptor sequencing in autoimmunity. 自身免疫中的T细胞受体测序。

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20201203

Angela M Mitchell, Aaron W Michels

引用次数: 14

Modulating lysosomal pH: a molecular and nanoscale materials design perspective. 调节溶酶体 pH 值：分子和纳米级材料设计视角。

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20201204

Jialiu Zeng, Orian S Shirihai, Mark W Grinstaff

引用次数: 0

The role of wild-type tau in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. 野生型 tau 在阿尔茨海默病和相关 tau 病中的作用。

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20201201

Chih Hung Lo, Jonathan N Sachs

{"title":"The role of wild-type tau in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.","authors":"Chih Hung Lo, Jonathan N Sachs","doi":"10.36069/jols/20201201","DOIUrl":"10.36069/jols/20201201","url":null,"abstract":"Tau oligomers have recently emerged as the principal toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies. Tau oligomers are spontaneously self-assembled soluble tau proteins that are formed prior to fibrils, and they have been shown to play a central role in neuronal cell death and in the induction of neurodegeneration in animal models. As the therapeutic paradigm shifts to targeting toxic tau oligomers, this suggests the focus to study tau oligomerization in species that are less susceptible to fibrillization. While truncated and mutation containing tau as well as the isolated repeat domains are particularly prone to fibrillization, the wild-type (WT) tau proteins have been shown to be resistant to fibril formation in the absence of aggregation inducers. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the toxicity of WT tau both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its involvement in tau oligomerization and cell-to-cell propagation of pathology. Understanding the role of WT tau will enable more effective biomarker development and therapeutic discovery for treatment of AD and tauopathies.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"2 4","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7929479/pdf/nihms-1652260.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25433435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of spatial and non-spatial information by heterogeneous dentate gyrus granule cells. 异质齿状回颗粒细胞对空间和非空间信息的整合

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2020-12-01

Xiaomin Zhang, Peter Jonas

{"title":"Integration of spatial and non-spatial information by heterogeneous dentate gyrus granule cells.","authors":"Xiaomin Zhang, Peter Jonas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The hippocampus is the key site for learning and memory and for processing of spatial information in the brain. It is divided into three main subregions: the dentate gyrus (DG), the CA3 area, and the CA1 region, which are linearly interconnected to form a so-called trisynaptic circuit. Thus, the DG sits in a strategic position to gate the flow of information from the neocortex into the hippocampal network. The granule cells (GCs), the main cell type in the DG, receive 'where' and 'what' information from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex, respectively. How they process this mixed information remains enigmatic. By characterizing the spatial information encoded by the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in GCs, we demonstrated that the majority of GCs received spatially tuned synaptic input. However, only a minority of GCs successfully converted spatially tuned input to spatially tuned output. Furthermore, we found that mature GCs were highly heterogeneous in terms of their dendritic morphology and intrinsic excitability, which contributes to the sparse and heterogeneous firing of GCs. Finally, we discuss the possible origin of this neural heterogeneity and its potential role in enlarging the computational power of the DG, facilitating pattern separation in this network.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"2 4","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116553/pdf/EMS107988.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39138457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial respiratory chain composition and organization in response to changing oxygen levels. 线粒体呼吸链的组成和组织对氧气水平变化的响应。

Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.36069/JoLS/20200601

Alba Timón-Gómez, Antoni Barrientos

{"title":"Mitochondrial respiratory chain composition and organization in response to changing oxygen levels.","authors":"Alba Timón-Gómez, Antoni Barrientos","doi":"10.36069/JoLS/20200601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JoLS/20200601","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria are the major consumer of oxygen in eukaryotic cells, owing to the requirement of oxygen to generate ATP through the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). This aerobic energy transduction is more efficient than anaerobic processes such as glycolysis. Hypoxia, a condition in which environmental or intracellular oxygen levels are below the standard range, triggers an adaptive signaling pathway within the cell. When oxygen concentrations are low, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) become stabilized and activated to mount a transcriptional response that triggers modulation of cellular metabolism to adjust to hypoxic conditions. Mitochondrial aerobic metabolism is one of the main targets of the hypoxic response to regulate its functioning and efficiency in the presence of decreased oxygen levels. During evolution, eukaryotic cells and tissues have increased the plasticity of their mitochondrial OXPHOS system to cope with metabolic needs in different oxygen contexts. In mammalian mitochondria, two factors contribute to this plasticity. First, several subunits of the multimeric MRC complexes I and IV exist in multiple tissue-specific and condition-specific isoforms. Second, the MRC enzymes can coexist organized as individual entities or forming supramolecular structures known as supercomplexes, perhaps in a dynamic manner to respond to environmental conditions and cellular metabolic demands. In this review, we will summarize the information currently available on oxygen-related changes in MRC composition and organization and will discuss gaps of knowledge and research opportunities in the field.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302114/pdf/nihms-1597826.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38060532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7