Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)最新文献

{"title":"Cell size dependent migration of T-cells latently infected with HIV.","authors":"Kathrin Bohn-Wippert,&nbsp;Roy D Dar","doi":"10.36069/JoLS/20200301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JoLS/20200301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially infects T-lymphocytes by integrating into host DNA and forming a latent transcriptionally silent provirus. As previously shown, HIV-1 alters migration modes of T-lymphocytes by co-regulating viral gene expression with human C-X-C chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4). Here, we show that motility of infected T-lymphocytes is cell size dependent. In cell migration assays, migrating cells are consistently larger than non-migrating cells. This effect is drug-treatment independent. The cell size dependent motility observed in a previously generated Jurkat latency model correlates with the motility of primary human CD4+ T-cells containing a modified HIV-1 full-length construct JLatd2GFP. In addition, large migrating T-cells, latently infected with HIV, show a slightly decreased rate of reactivation from latency. these results demonstrate that HIV reactivation is cell migration-dependent, where host cell size acts as a catalyst for altered migration velocity. We believe that host cell size controlled migration uncovers an additional mechanism of cellular controlled viral fate determination important for virus dissemination and reactivation from latency. This observation may provide more insights into viral-host interactions regulating cell migration and reactivation from latency and helps in the design and implementation of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250449/pdf/nihms-1581275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37979686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation and New Treatment Strategies in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Rosa-Maria Ferraiuolo,&nbsp;Kay-Uwe Wagner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer classifications are based on the presence or absence of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor along with the overexpression or amplification of the Her2 receptor. Although the overall 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients has increased due to the use of targeted therapies, a subset of patients can acquire resistance over time or are unresponsive when presented in the clinic. Novel therapies focusing on molecular pathways and cell cycle regulation currently being used in the clinic may lead to increased response in this subset of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"1 3","pages":"23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7039658/pdf/nihms-1069247.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37675283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"M. Linterman","doi":"10.36069/jols/20191201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20191201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining immune checkpoint blockade with ErbB targeted therapies for cancer treatment","authors":"Zhida Liu, Chuanhui Han, yang-xin fu","doi":"10.36069/jols/20191202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20191202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Kidney Diseases.","authors":"Divya Bhatia,&nbsp;Mary E Choi","doi":"10.36069/jols/20191203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20191203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria fulfill the high metabolic energy demands of the kidney and are regularly exposed to oxidative stress causing mitochondrial damage. The selective removal of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria through a process known as mitophagy is essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis and physiological function. Mitochondrial quality control by mitophagy is particularly crucial for an organ such as the kidney, which is rich in mitochondria. The role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases has lately gained significant attention. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the implications of mitophagy during pathological conditions of the kidney, including acute and chronic kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"1 3","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041910/pdf/nihms-1069240.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37678498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic adaptations to glutamine deprivation in pancreatic cancer","authors":"Ying Yang, M. Gabra, Mei Kong","doi":"10.36069/jols/20190903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20190903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45916985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinases: The \"Indispensables\"of the DNA Damage Response Cascade","authors":"V. Menon, M. M. Dcona","doi":"10.36069/jols/20190902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/jols/20190902","url":null,"abstract":"The human genome is exposed to a gamut of cellular and exogenous insults on a daily basis which needs to be monitored for proper cellular functioning and survival. This surveillance is undertaken by a myriad of protein players that ensure temporal and spatial regulation of cellular homeostasis. Kinases lie at the epicenter of the DNA damage response and exhibit a dynamic functionality, from responding to the damage to regulating the role of other proteins involved in detecting and repairing the damage. Here, we review some of the key kinases involved in DNA damage response pathways and their inhibitors that are either in clinical trials or have received approval for disease treatment.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49077501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road to HIV cure; from Berlin to London and beyond","authors":"T. Broek","doi":"10.36069/JOLS/20190602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JOLS/20190602","url":null,"abstract":"Around 37 million people are living with HIV worldwide, with a million deaths due to HIV in 2017. While only ~60% of the infected population are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), by taking a combination of drugs suppressing different stage of the HIV lifecycle to lower the viral burden. While the treatment is very effective it does not eliminate HIV from the patient’s body and non-AIDS comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases and cancers) and unrelenting rate of new infections (around 2 million infections per year) have become a major concern and, thus new approaches are needed that no longer continuously suppress HIV but actually cure people.","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How daily habits help you deal with stress","authors":"D. Lith","doi":"10.36069/JOLS/20190606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36069/JOLS/20190606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Control of HIV.","authors":"Muthukumar Balasubramaniam, Jui Pandhare, Chandravanu Dash","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <b>h</b>uman <b>i</b>mmunodeficiency <b>v</b>irus (HIV) infection of the immune cells expressing the <b>c</b>luster of <b>d</b>ifferentiation <b>4</b> cell surface glycoprotein (CD4⁺ cells) causes progressive decline of the immune system and leads to the <b>a</b>cquired <b>i</b>mmuno<b>d</b>eficiency <b>s</b>yndrome (AIDS). The ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic has already claimed over 35 million lives. Even after 37 years into the epidemic, neither a cure is available for the 37 million <b>p</b>eople <b>l</b>iving with <b>HIV</b> (PLHIV) nor is a vaccine discovered to avert the millions of new HIV infections that continue to occur each year. If left untreated, HIV infection typically progresses to AIDS and, ultimately, causes death in a majority of PLHIV. The recommended <b>c</b>ombination <b>a</b>nti<b>r</b>etroviral <b>t</b>herapy (cART) suppresses virus replication and viremia, prevents or delays progression to AIDS, reduces transmission rates, and lowers HIV-associated mortality and morbidity. However, because cART does not eliminate HIV, and an enduring pool of infected resting memory CD4⁺ T cells (latent HIV reservoir) is established early on, any interruption to cART leads to a relapse of viremia and disease progression. Hence, strict adherence to a life-long cART regimen is mandatory for managing HIV infection in PLHIV. The HIV-1-specific <b>c</b>yto<b>t</b>oxic <b>T</b> cells expressing the CD8 glycoprotein (CD8⁺ CTL) limit the virus replication <i>in vivo</i> by recognizing the viral antigens presented by <b>h</b>uman <b>l</b>eukocyte <b>a</b>ntigen (HLA) class I molecules on the infected cell surface and killing those cells. Nevertheless, CTLs fail to durably control HIV-1 replication and disease progression in the absence of cART. Intriguingly, <1% of cART-naive HIV-infected individuals called elite controllers/<b>H</b>IV <b>c</b>ontrollers (HCs) exhibit the core features that define a HIV-1 \"functional cure\" outcome in the absence of cART: durable viral suppression to below the limit of detection, long-term non-progression to AIDS, and absence of viral transmission. Robust HIV-1-specific CTL responses and prevalence of protective HLA alleles associated with enduring HIV-1 control have been linked to the HC phenotype. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the CTL-mediated suppression of HIV-1 replication and disease progression in HCs carrying specific protective HLA alleles may yield promising insights towards advancing the research on HIV cure and prophylactic HIV vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":87302,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6714987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}