线粒体呼吸链的组成和组织对氧气水平变化的响应。

Alba Timón-Gómez, Antoni Barrientos
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引用次数: 7

摘要

线粒体是真核细胞中主要的氧气消耗者,因为线粒体需要氧气通过线粒体呼吸链(MRC)和氧化磷酸化系统(OXPHOS)产生ATP。这种有氧能量转导比糖酵解等厌氧过程更有效。缺氧是一种环境或细胞内氧气水平低于标准范围的情况,会触发细胞内的适应性信号通路。当氧浓度较低时,缺氧诱导因子(hif)变得稳定并被激活,从而引发细胞代谢调节以适应缺氧条件的转录反应。线粒体有氧代谢是缺氧反应的主要目标之一,在氧气水平降低的情况下调节其功能和效率。在进化过程中,真核细胞和组织增加了线粒体OXPHOS系统的可塑性,以应对不同氧环境下的代谢需求。在哺乳动物线粒体中,有两个因素促成了这种可塑性。首先,多聚MRC复合物I和IV的几个亚基存在于多个组织特异性和条件特异性亚型中。其次,MRC酶可以作为单独的实体共存,也可以形成称为超级复合物的超分子结构,可能以动态的方式响应环境条件和细胞代谢需求。在这篇综述中,我们将总结目前关于MRC组成和组织的氧相关变化的信息,并讨论该领域的知识差距和研究机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mitochondrial respiratory chain composition and organization in response to changing oxygen levels.

Mitochondria are the major consumer of oxygen in eukaryotic cells, owing to the requirement of oxygen to generate ATP through the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). This aerobic energy transduction is more efficient than anaerobic processes such as glycolysis. Hypoxia, a condition in which environmental or intracellular oxygen levels are below the standard range, triggers an adaptive signaling pathway within the cell. When oxygen concentrations are low, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) become stabilized and activated to mount a transcriptional response that triggers modulation of cellular metabolism to adjust to hypoxic conditions. Mitochondrial aerobic metabolism is one of the main targets of the hypoxic response to regulate its functioning and efficiency in the presence of decreased oxygen levels. During evolution, eukaryotic cells and tissues have increased the plasticity of their mitochondrial OXPHOS system to cope with metabolic needs in different oxygen contexts. In mammalian mitochondria, two factors contribute to this plasticity. First, several subunits of the multimeric MRC complexes I and IV exist in multiple tissue-specific and condition-specific isoforms. Second, the MRC enzymes can coexist organized as individual entities or forming supramolecular structures known as supercomplexes, perhaps in a dynamic manner to respond to environmental conditions and cellular metabolic demands. In this review, we will summarize the information currently available on oxygen-related changes in MRC composition and organization and will discuss gaps of knowledge and research opportunities in the field.

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