Integration of spatial and non-spatial information by heterogeneous dentate gyrus granule cells.

Xiaomin Zhang, Peter Jonas
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Abstract

The hippocampus is the key site for learning and memory and for processing of spatial information in the brain. It is divided into three main subregions: the dentate gyrus (DG), the CA3 area, and the CA1 region, which are linearly interconnected to form a so-called trisynaptic circuit. Thus, the DG sits in a strategic position to gate the flow of information from the neocortex into the hippocampal network. The granule cells (GCs), the main cell type in the DG, receive 'where' and 'what' information from the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex, respectively. How they process this mixed information remains enigmatic. By characterizing the spatial information encoded by the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in GCs, we demonstrated that the majority of GCs received spatially tuned synaptic input. However, only a minority of GCs successfully converted spatially tuned input to spatially tuned output. Furthermore, we found that mature GCs were highly heterogeneous in terms of their dendritic morphology and intrinsic excitability, which contributes to the sparse and heterogeneous firing of GCs. Finally, we discuss the possible origin of this neural heterogeneity and its potential role in enlarging the computational power of the DG, facilitating pattern separation in this network.

异质齿状回颗粒细胞对空间和非空间信息的整合
海马区是大脑学习和记忆以及处理空间信息的关键场所。海马体分为三个主要亚区:齿状回(DG)、CA3 区和 CA1 区,它们呈线性相互连接,形成所谓的三突触回路。因此,齿状回在把关从新皮层流向海马网络的信息流方面具有战略地位。颗粒细胞(GCs)是 DG 的主要细胞类型,它们分别接收来自内侧和外侧内叶皮层的 "在哪里 "和 "是什么 "的信息。它们如何处理这些混合信息仍然是个谜。通过描述突触后兴奋电位(EPSPs)编码的空间信息,我们证明了大多数突触后兴奋电位接受空间调谐的突触输入。然而,只有少数 GCs 能成功地将空间调谐输入转化为空间调谐输出。此外,我们发现成熟的 GCs 在树突形态和内在兴奋性方面具有高度异质性,这也是 GCs 发射稀疏和异质性的原因。最后,我们讨论了这种神经异质性的可能起源及其在扩大 DG 计算能力、促进该网络的模式分离方面的潜在作用。
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