Basin Research最新文献

{"title":"The Integration of the Kübler Index and Vitrinite Reflectance as Thermal Calibration Parameters in the Numerical Modelling of the Atypical Petroleum System of the Pimenteiras Formation, Devonian of the Parnaíba Basin, NE—Brazil","authors":"Eduardo Mio,&nbsp;Henrique A. Lopes,&nbsp;Lilian Souza da Silveira,&nbsp;Guilherme Fedalto,&nbsp;Larissa da Rocha Santos,&nbsp;Daniel Poiré,&nbsp;Luis Vigiani,&nbsp;Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger,&nbsp;Leonardo Fadel Cury","doi":"10.1111/bre.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reflectance of vitrinite is a common thermal calibration parameter in sedimentary basins for evaluating and reconstructing thermal history. However, factors such as the scarcity of particles in Devonian and the high thermal stress reached in igneous sedimentary petroleum systems pose significant challenges to the modelling process. This study integrates organic petrography data, along with extensive X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), to improve the understanding of the Middle Devonian to Early Mississippian atypical petroleum system in the Parnaíba Basin, located in northeastern Brazil. The analytical program involved 54 samples for vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) and 207 samples for XRD, collected from three selected wells in the central part of the basin, covering the entire Middle Devonian to Early Mississippian sequence. Spectral decomposition on the 10Â peak (<i>d001</i> position) was conducted on the XRD data to differentiate between the authigenic smectite/illite (I/S) phase and the metamorphic detrital muscovite phase. The Kübler Index (KI), measured as full width at half maximum (FWHM - °<i>∆ 2θ</i>), was assessed in the illite and muscovite phases and converted to an equivalent %Ro for comparison with the results of calculated %Ro across three sets of 1D Petroleum System Models (PSM), which were originally calibrated using measured %Ro. The conversion ratio of smectite to illite was also calculated throughout these models. The Esquevin Index, calculated as the ratio of <i>d</i>002/<i>d</i>001 reflections, was compared with KI along the profiles. The results indicate a strong correlation between KI (from the illite phase) and measured %Ro, thereby allowing KI to be used for thermal calibration. This finding suggests a progressive conversion of I/S (KI values ranging from 1.23° to 0.23° <i>∆2θ</i>) from the diagenesis zone through the anchizone to the epizone near igneous intrusions. The KI values for the muscovite phase range from 0.58° to 0.16° <i>∆ 2θ</i>, supporting the detrital nature of this phase. While it does not correlate with calculated and measured %Ro, a progressive increase in metamorphism occurs along the wells, increasing both above and below igneous intrusions and suggesting muscovite recrystallisation related to the presence of magmatic intrusion. An exponential equation for the correlation between KI from illite phase and %Ro, based on the analysis of 37 pairs of KI versus measured Ro, is proposed as KI = 0.7379 Ro^−0.604 (<i>r</i>² = 0.788). These KI-%Ro pairs of the authigenic illite phase were compared with literature data, showing a reasonable correlation with pairs obtained in regional metamorphic contexts, thus validating the use of KI as an additional thermal proxy in contact metamorphism in atypical petroleum systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and Structural Reconstruction of an Eroded Foreland Basin: Central Appalachian Basin, USA","authors":"Kristopher L. Symanski,&nbsp;Magdalena Ellis Curry,&nbsp;Brandon Lutz,&nbsp;Paul O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/bre.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Appalachian Basin is an archetypal foreland basin system. However, the timing, rates, and magnitudes of orogenic loading, fold-thrust belt (FTB) exhumation, and foredeep burial and exhumation are not well constrained. Here, we present a new suite of low-temperature thermochronometric and vitrinite reflectance (%R_o) data from a ~350 km transect through the Virginia-West Virginia Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau. The dataset includes new zircon fission track (ZFT), zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe), and apatite fission track (AFT) ages from Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian strata. Following deposition of the sampled units, most ZFT grain ages were partially reset with single-grain ages spanning 1850–275 Ma, whereas ZHe and AFT grain ages were fully reset and record mostly Permian–Triassic to Cretaceous cooling. Inverse thermal history modelling (time–temperature and time-depth) coupled with structural restoration suggest that the FTB was exhuming prior to significant Pennsylvanian-Permian sedimentation. We infer burial depths ranging from 3.6 km in the western foredeep to 11 km in the FTB. Results indicate the western foredeep experienced elevated temperatures beyond what would be predicted by burial. Time-depth models support a pulse of elevated heat flow in the western foredeep in the Mesozoic, driven by crustal thinning and mantle-derived rock emplacement associated with the Rome Trough, or potentially blanketing and insulation by Permian strata. A Permian–Triassic structural reconstruction suggests that, even in Permian–Triassic time, this part of the Alleghanian orogenic wedge retained a critical taper angle of 6°–7°. The new thermal data and analyses presented here help constrain the thermo-tectonic conditions of the Appalachian foreland basin system during late Palaeozoic orogenesis, late-stage relaxation of the orogenic wedge, and Mesozoic rifting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphase Faulting Controlling the Tectono-Sedimentary and Volcanic History of the SE-Bohai Bay Basin, NE China","authors":"Yancheng Xu,&nbsp;Gianreto Manatschal,&nbsp;Dianjun Tong,&nbsp;Zhibin Song,&nbsp;Jingyuan Yu,&nbsp;Jianye Ren","doi":"10.1111/bre.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Bohai Bay basin, located at the eastern margin of the North China Carton, underwent a complex tectonic evolution since the Mesozoic. Here, we present high-resolution seismic profiles across the whole southern Bohai Bay basin, enabling the identification of two types of Mesozoic normal fault systems: an E-W trending fault set and a NNE trending fault set. Based on drilling data and seismic interpretation, it is inferred that the two sets of normal faults intersected at a high angle (~60°–90°) and developed under NW–SE-directed extension during the Early Cretaceous rifting episode. However, their orientations are oblique to the regional extension direction, which contrasts with typical rift basins, where fault strikes are nearly perpendicular to the extension direction. Therefore, these fault systems are interpreted as reactivated, preexisting structures. Considering the tectonic events that occurred in the region prior to the Early Cretaceous rifting phase and the cross-cutting relationships between the two fault sets, the E–W-striking faults are likely inherited from the N–S-directed Triassic orogeny, whereas the NNE-striking faults may have originated from the WNW-directed Jurassic orogeny. During the Early Cretaceous rifting (~135–102 Ma), both fault systems were reactivated along their original trends. The widespread Early Cretaceous extension promoted volcanic activity, allowing significant volumes of deep-seated magmatic material to rise along these two sets of faults and to erupt at the surface. The spatial distribution of the volcanic products was structurally controlled by fault boundaries, leading to the formation of a large-scale, quadrangular Cretaceous volcanic basin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Non-Uniqueness, Symmetries and Invariance of Thermal History Modelling in Sedimentary Basins’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/bre.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Xiao, J.</span>, <span>D. Waltham</span>, and <span>Y. Wang</span>. <span>2026</span>. “ <span>Non-Uniqueness, Symmetries and Invariance of Thermal History Modelling in Sedimentary Basins</span>.” <i>Basin Research</i> <span>38</span>, no. <span>4</span>: e70122. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70122.\u0000 </p><p>In the third paragraph of section 3.3, the sentence ‘The end-member solution associated with the smallest first derivatives suggests the heat flow in Well Nvji remained at ~50 mW m⁻² since ~500 Ma before it gradually increased and peaked at 65 mW m⁻² in late Cretaceous.’ was incorrect. It should read: ‘The end-member solution associated with the smallest first derivatives suggests the heat flow in Well Nvji remained at ~50 mW m⁻² since ~500 Ma before it gradually increased and peaked at 65 mW m⁻² in Late Permian’.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault Migration and Basin Evolution During Complex Rifting: Examples From the Western North Gulf of Evia, Greece","authors":"James Wood,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Bell,&nbsp;Alexander C. Whittaker,&nbsp;Saoirse M. Coveney,&nbsp;Frank Chanier,&nbsp;Fabien Caroir,&nbsp;Haralambos D. Kranis,&nbsp;Athanassios Ganas","doi":"10.1111/bre.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding dynamic processes of faulting and basin evolution across timescales in complex rift settings remains a key challenge in active continental tectonics. This is in part due to a limited number of young rift systems with well constrained, high-resolution age models derived from subsurface datasets. We aim to address this challenge and advance our understanding of time-dependent geodynamic rift processes by developing a late-Quaternary, syn-kinematic age model for the Western Basin of the North Gulf of Evia, Central Greece. In contrast to the nearby Gulf of Corinth, extension here is coupled with rotational and strike-slip deformation from the westward-propagating North Anatolian Fault. Seismic stratigraphic principles are used to identify three key horizons based on reflection termination relationships with ages of ~12, ~130 and ~325 ka assigned through a sequence stratigraphic model on deltaic clinoform packages. The age model is applied alongside a network of offshore faults to determine the major structures, depocenters and evolutionary history of the rift. We resolve the major controlling faults to be the north-dipping Kalypso Fault (~4 mm/year slip rate) at the southern margin of the basin and the Central Graben (~1–2 mm/year slip rate) along the axis of the gulf. We show that the Kalypso Fault is linked to the onshore Coastal Fault System following a migration event with evolving strike from the onshore Arkitsa Fault. The timing of this event is constrained to ~325 ka based on hanging wall sediment thickening relationships and the Kalypso Fault displays immediate, rapid throw accumulation after initiation. Improved constraints on the timing and evolutionary behaviour of young normal fault systems such as this show that fault migration and activation in complex rift settings can occur over timescales less than 10⁵ years.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longevity and Reactivation of Intracontinental Walled Basins: Thermochronologic Evidence From Western Mongolia","authors":"Eli VanDyke,&nbsp;Andrea L. Stevens Goddard,&nbsp;Ryan J. Leary,&nbsp;Gombodorj Batsukh","doi":"10.1111/bre.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how walled basins maintain accommodation space and retain sediment over hundreds of millions of years remains a major question in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. To address this, we present new detrital apatite fission-track (AFT) and apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) data from Jurassic through Oligocene strata in the Dzereg and Dariv Basins of western Mongolia, integrated with thermal modeling and stratigraphic constraints. Our data reconstruct multiple episodes of burial, heating, cooling, and exhumation, including (1) an initial phase of Early Jurassic cooling/exhumation linked to Mongol–Okhotsk closure; (2) subsequent Mesozoic burial followed by mid-Cretaceous cooling associated with basin inversion; and (3) a newly identified Oligocene–Miocene reheating and cooling phase recording renewed sedimentation and intrabasinal exhumation. Our study identifies the first detrital thermochronologic evidence for Cenozoic reactivation of the Mongolian Altai, a region thousands of kilometres from a Cenozoic plate boundary, demonstrating that far-field stresses likely from the India–Eurasia collision were transmitted deep into the continental interior by the Oligocene. These results indicate that long-lived Mesozoic topography, repeatedly reactivated and exhumed, maintained structural ponding and sediment accommodation for &gt; 150 Myr.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable Weathering Responses to Li Isotopic Fractionation in Mountainous and Associated Mega Fan Region of the Teesta River Basin, Eastern Himalaya, India: An Insight Into the Impact of Active Tectonics on Weathering Processes","authors":"Satyabrata Das,&nbsp;Saurabh Singhal,&nbsp;Santosh K. Rai,&nbsp;Pulok K. Mukherjee,&nbsp;Sandeep Panda","doi":"10.1111/bre.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70125","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Silicate weathering in the terrestrial environment exerts a dominant control over the atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; budget over million year timescale. Since last few decades, the possible location of this silicate weathering, that is, whether the mountainous terrain or the floodplain region, remains a topic of debate. The present study delineates the chemical weathering distribution in both the mountain and the floodplain regions through the δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li compositions of the bed loads in the Teesta river system. The average Li concentrations and its isotopic compositions (δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li) in pure silicate fractions of the Teesta sediments (15.3 ± 7.2 ppm and −2.0‰ ± 9.6‰, respectively) are depleted than those of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) (35 ± 11 ppm and 0‰ ± 2‰, respectively). The obtained δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li compositions represent some of the lightest globally known Li isotopic values for the fluvial sediments, indicating a high magnitude of chemical weathering in the basin. In entire course of the river the δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li compositions show two distinctive trends where the δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li values gradually decrease from source to the north of Main Central Thrust (MCT) before, it increases continuously for rest of the river course. The tectonically active Rangeet window lying with the central part of the basin seems to influence the chemical weathering intensity and δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li compositional variation in a distinct manner. The northern end of the duplex that coincides with MCT, acts as an erosional hotspot owing to higher exhumation and vertical uplift rate with focused precipitation over the region. This rapid fresh rock exposure and associated physical erosion prevent the water-sediment interaction resulting in a δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li composition similar to that of the unweathered silicates. On the immediate north of the MCT, although the exhumation rate and rainfall amount is minimal, it has resulted in the erosion rate sufficient for a higher degree of chemical weathering as inferred from the lightest δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li values. However, in source regions, relatively low temperature and rainfall conditions restrict the chemical weathering. On the south of the MCT, despite the conditions are favourable for chemical weathering, a significant amount of sediments generated along the duplex results in the sediment accumulation at mountainous terrain as well as floodplain with extensive residence time and development of alluvial fan (mega fan). As a consequence of this prolonged sediments-water interaction within the fan, three distinct processes, that is, (i) the &lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li exchanges from water to sediment, (ii) clay formation and (iii) dominancy of resistant mineralogy like the quartz, cause an enrichment of the δ&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Li compositions in particulate phase, either by working separately or unitedly. This highlights the role of tectonics in erosion and weathering distribution in the tectonically active mountain c","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic-Driven Transformation of Sedimentary Provenance in the Late Miocene to Pliocene Dongfang Submarine Fan in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea","authors":"Liyang Zhang,&nbsp;Huajun Gan,&nbsp;Jianxiang Pei,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Caibei Ning,&nbsp;Zhitao Chen,&nbsp;Bixian Lu,&nbsp;Zhixuan Cao,&nbsp;Wenhang Ma","doi":"10.1111/bre.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Late Miocene to Pliocene was a critical period of tectonic reorganization in the northern South China Sea, when changes in fault activity, basin subsidence, and sediment supply reshaped regional sediment-routing systems. However, the provenance evolution of the Yinggehai Basin, a key depocenter at the mouth of the Red River, and its controlling mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrates 3D seismic data, detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology, heavy mineral assemblages, geochemical data and inverse Monte Carlo mixing models to quantitatively evaluate sediment provenance evolution. The results reveal a systematic transition from a Late Miocene multi-source depositional system to a Pliocene regime dominated by axial sediment supply from the Red River. Late Miocene deposits are characterized by multi-directional progradational seismic geometries, mixed zircon age spectra with Indosinian, Jinningian and Yanshanian populations, low ZTR indices, limited abundances of high-grade metamorphic minerals, and geochemical signatures indicative of felsic upper crustal sources. Together, these features indicate hybrid sediment supply from the Red River (33%–73%), Central Vietnam (26%–67%), and Hainan Island (&lt; 1%). In contrast, Pliocene sediments display regionally extensive north–south oriented progradational seismic clinoforms, increased proportions of Yanshanian zircons, and enrichment of high-grade metamorphic and stable heavy minerals, indicating pronounced Red River dominance (&gt; 80%). The attenuation and termination of eastward-prograding seismic reflections record a substantial reduction in sediment supply from Central Vietnam. In contrast, consistently elevated REE contents and high ZTR indices indicate that Hainan Island acted as a persistent, though subordinate, sediment source throughout the same period. Provenance analysis indicates that the Late Miocene sedimentation was governed by a multi-source system. This system developed in response to regional stress-field reorganization and the presence of intrabasinal structural barriers. This pattern shifted during the Pliocene to a system dominated by Red River provenance, coinciding with dextral reactivation of the Red River Fault Zone and accelerated uplift of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau initiating at ~5.5 Ma. These findings collectively establish a tectonically driven source-to-sink evolution model for confined continental-margin basins. The model has direct implications for sediment routing and reservoir distribution in passive-margin settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Uniqueness, Symmetries and Invariance of Thermal History Modelling in Sedimentary Basins","authors":"J. Xiao,&nbsp;D. Waltham,&nbsp;Y. Wang","doi":"10.1111/bre.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reconstructing thermal history of sedimentary basins is a non-unique inverse problem, because more than one set of controlling factors could produce exactly the same observations today. Using a process-based approach, we demonstrate that the multiple solutions (i.e., a set of parameters that promote a good agreement between predictions and observations) are convertible because the problem processes underlying symmetries. In particular, we propose an inverse method to construct additional solutions directly from an existing solution whilst leaving the predictions of thermal indicator data unaltered. Repetitive application of the approach allows additional solutions to be directly constructed from any arbitrary solution. Having these techniques adapted to predictive models of vitrinite reflectance, we investigate the thermal history of the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The modelling results confirm that a heat flow anomaly during Middel-Late Permian is genuine to the interpretation of the vitrinite reflectance beneath the basin at present as the anomaly appears in every possible thermal history discovered. The amplitude of the heat flow anomaly might be significantly smaller than previously thought since the vitrinite reflectance values underneath the basin might not have necessarily been produced by a short-lived, high heat flow event, but by a gradual increase in heat supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148393854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Uncertainties of Detrital Zircon Provenance Analysis With Statistical Provenance Modelling","authors":"Vivian C. Grom,&nbsp;Adam M. Forte","doi":"10.1111/bre.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional provenance analysis often relies on simplifying assumptions, such as uniform erosion rates within source areas or homogeneous zircon fertility across source units, which can introduce significant uncertainty into interpretations. While prior work has explored implications of isolated examples of one or more of these assumptions being violated, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the potential influence of these factors is lacking. Here we address this gap with a set of statistical simulations where erosion rates and zircon fertility are systematically varied. Zircon fertility is modulated by zircon grain size and zirconium concentration, to simulate sediment provenance and quantify their effects on resultant detrital zircon U–Pb age distributions. Using PDP cross-correlation and K–S tests, we compare a model based on area-weighted contributions against two alternative models: one weighted by zircon mass and another by grain abundance. By exploring a wide parameter space, we evaluate the magnitude and sources of uncertainty that influence provenance interpretations. To investigate these effects, we conduct three suites of numerical experiments including: (1) varying synthetic source population complexity; (2) varying erosion rate, zircon fertility, and zircon grain size; and (3) using large sample size empirical datasets as sources to assess realism. In each of these experiments we assessed the divergence between an area-only mixture model and ones weighted by zircon mass or number of zircon grains. Results show that increased complexity and overlap among source populations lead to higher variance and reduced distinctiveness between the different models. For the empirical datasets, even substantial variation in parameters yields only subtle differences between the different weighting schemes. While these simplified scenarios may not capture the full complexity of real-world landscapes, they offer valuable insights into the underlying controls and potential biases that affect interpretations of detrital zircon datasets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}