Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Towards sustainable agricultural landscapes: Lessons from an interdisciplinary research-based framework applied to the Saint Lawrence floodplain","authors":"Christopher J Watson ,&nbsp;Renata Mazzei ,&nbsp;Bérenger Bourgeois ,&nbsp;Élise Smedbol ,&nbsp;Noé Guiraud ,&nbsp;Jim Félix-Faure ,&nbsp;Hada Damar ,&nbsp;Maxime Tremblay ,&nbsp;Pierre-Andé Bordeleau ,&nbsp;Mathieu Vaillancourt ,&nbsp;Andrea Bertolo ,&nbsp;Gilbert Cabana ,&nbsp;Stephane Campeau ,&nbsp;Maurice Doyon ,&nbsp;Valérie Fournier ,&nbsp;Vincent Fugère ,&nbsp;Valérie Gravel ,&nbsp;François Guillemette ,&nbsp;Caroline Halde ,&nbsp;Jessica A Head ,&nbsp;Raphaël Proulx","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Floodplains are unique environments that provide a dynamic link between terrestrial and aquatic systems. Intensification of human activity – particularly agriculture and urbanisation – has resulted in the degradation of floodplains worldwide. Restoration and sustainable management of floodplains requires holistic assessment and compromise between stakeholders to successfully balance environmental, economic, and social benefits. Yet, understanding these complex systems sufficiently to provide evidence-based recommendations is a challenge. We present the lessons learned from establishing an interdisciplinary research-based framework on the agricultural floodplain of Lake Saint Pierre, Québec, Canada, whose mandate was to a) understand and define key environmental, agricultural, and socioeconomic attributes of the landscape, b) quantify the trade-offs and synergies between these attributes across different agricultural practices, regions, and land uses, and c) explore novel agri-environmental management practices to assess their role in sustainable floodplain management. Within this manuscript, we explore the benefits that such an approach offers in evaluating sustainable floodplain land use. We found that an interdisciplinary research-based approach demonstrated important benefits such as knowledge transfer, more efficient use of resources (e.g., personnel, funding), and a flexible yet robust research framework. A framework of individual research projects connected to broader interdisciplinary themes allowed a more holistic synthesis of the floodplain systems and assessment of agri-environmental practices. By implicitly considering spatial and social scales, we conceptualised not just how redistribution of the land use types can meet sustainable management objectives, but also explored how compromises within existing uses can optimise socio-economic, agricultural and environmental dimensions and move towards a sustainable multifunctional landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000501/pdfft?md5=c2c8e127715bc1632763f47151a4afca&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, behavior and diet of the Asiatic black bear in human modified landscapes","authors":"Hadi Fahimi ,&nbsp;Mahmood Soofi ,&nbsp;Nahid Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Ali T. Qashqaei ,&nbsp;Hamidreza Heidari ,&nbsp;Haaken Bungum ,&nbsp;Bent Rech ,&nbsp;Jonas Trepel ,&nbsp;Matthias Waltert","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The broad negative effects of land-use conversion for agriculture on wildlife species are well known, but few studies have evaluated how different land-use types impact spatiotemporal patterns and trophic strategy of large carnivores. We conducted sign surveys for the Asiatic black bear, a critically endangered subspecies in southeastern Iran. We applied Bayesian occupancy modelling and quantified spatiotemporal determinants of black bear occurrence as a function of date palms, distance to agriculture, elevation, precipitation, and protected area (PA) size. We also investigated its diet composition based on scat (<em>n</em> = 150) analyses. Date palm area size (<em>β</em> = 2.07; 95 % Credible Interval = 0.67 to 3.89) and distance to croplands had a strong and significant (<em>β</em> = −1.06, 95 % CrI = −2.10 to −0.20) influence on the occupancy. Elevation, precipitation, village density, and PA size did not substantially influence occupancy. Black bear detection probability became 100 % only above 14 km survey effort, indicating its overall rarity, and bears were much more easily detected during and after rainfall. Bears mainly relied on date palms (41 %) followed by herbaceous plants (24.6 %), insects (15 %), wild mammals (6.4 %), wild fruits (5.6 %), livestock (4.9 %) and other vertebrates (2.5 %, e.g., birds). Most of the predicted bear occupancy was outside PAs and thus suggests a high likelihood of human-bear conflicts. Presumably, resource density is insufficient to support bears inside PAs, but information concerning resource density is currently lacking. Our results showed that the agricultural landscape provided an important feeding (46 %) area for bears. Consequently, effective conservation programs such as the protection of abandoned date palm groves as a conflict-free food source are necessary. Practical training such as protective measures against crop-raiding behavior of bears would be essential to foster the tolerance of people toward bears and thus can help facilitate coexistence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000483/pdfft?md5=e7037c1e4f9992ea0979477b0c838ae1&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-genetic diversity correlation in a metacommunity of urban pond invertebrates","authors":"Frank Johansson ,&nbsp;Yeserin Yildirim ,&nbsp;Chaz Hyseni ,&nbsp;Jani Heino ,&nbsp;Jacob Höglund ,&nbsp;Luis Mauricio Bini","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding patterns of species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDC) is important for conservation purposes because it allows us to infer whether conservation of species diversity (SD) influences conservation of genetic diversity (GD) and the other way around. Here, we studied SGDCs using aquatic macrofauna in a set of 31 urban ponds in the metropolitan area of Stockholm, Sweden. We also estimated how land use and pond environmental factors affect SD and GD. SD was estimated as species richness. GD was estimated in four focal species that differed in their dispersal abilities: <em>Asellus aquaticus</em> (Isopoda), <em>Haliplus ruficollis</em> (Coleoptera), <em>Planorbis planorbis</em> (Gastropoda), <em>Rana temporaria</em> (Amphibia), using double digest restriction associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing data. There were no significant SGDCs for any of the species. Similarly, GD was not related to land use or pond environment. However, SD had a significant positive correlation with total invertebrate abundance and pond area. Given the absence of significant SGDCs in our study, and the mixed positive and negative patterns found in previous studies reporting SGDCs, we suggest that simultaneously preserving species and genetic diversity in urban areas will prove challenging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917912400046X/pdfft?md5=2d5cd65a502c96a6e7cfeb8c994a0f44&pid=1-s2.0-S143917912400046X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic value of dung removal by dung beetles in US sub-tropical pastures","authors":"Roisin Stanbrook-Buyer ,&nbsp;Mahadev Bhat ,&nbsp;Joshua R. King","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In livestock management systems, the rapid removal of cattle dung by dung beetles plays an essential role in returning areas of pasture to grazing which normally would be lost because of dung contamination. Thus, dung removal is an ecosystem process with established links to services with potentially valuable outcomes. We focused on dung removal under two dung beetle abundance scenarios. We then calculated the economic value of dung beetle action on dung degradation in US sub-tropical pasturelands under each scenario by measuring the costs associated with restriction of new forage growth by dung pat smothering, and the amount of forage gained because of dung beetle mediated dung decomposition. We found if dung is left unmanipulated by dung beetles, it would naturally decompose at an average rate of 3.75 g per day, and dung in pastures with a high abundance of dung beetles would decay at 10.73 g per day. We show the economic benefit of dung decomposition under each scenario is directly related to both the presence and abundance levels of dung beetles in cattle pastures, for instance, resulting in additional grass area to become available to raise 1,131 cows and 1,676 cows under low dung beetle abundances and under high dung beetle abundances, respectively. This amounts to an additional income of USD 918,688 per year in Florida sub-tropical livestock systems containing low abundances of dung beetles and an income of USD 1,360,770 per year for pastures sustaining a higher abundances of dung beetles. Despite their importance in livestock systems dung beetle populations are imperiled by the widespread use of agrochemicals. Reducing agrochemical usage and introducing biodiversity-friendly practices in livestock systems will be important for conserving dung beetles and the ecological functions that dung beetles provide in working landscapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000471/pdfft?md5=32a6322abf923e10c88439e7d5199113&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a cost-efficient automated wildlife camera network in a European Natura 2000 site","authors":"W. Daniel Kissling ,&nbsp;Julian C. Evans ,&nbsp;Rotem Zilber ,&nbsp;Tom D. Breeze ,&nbsp;Stacy Shinneman ,&nbsp;Lindy C. Schneider ,&nbsp;Carl Chalmers ,&nbsp;Paul Fergus ,&nbsp;Serge Wich ,&nbsp;Luc H.W.T. Geelen","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern approaches with advanced technology can automate and expand the extent and resolution of biodiversity monitoring. We present the development of an innovative system for automated wildlife monitoring in a coastal Natura 2000 nature reserve of the Netherlands with 65 wireless 4G wildlife cameras which are deployed autonomously in the field with 12 V/2A solar panels, i.e. without the need to replace batteries or manually retrieve SD cards. The cameras transmit images automatically (through a mobile network) to a sensor portal, which contains a PostgreSQL database and functionalities for automated task scheduling and data management, allowing scientists and site managers via a web interface to view images and remotely monitor sensor performance (e.g. number of uploaded files, battery status and SD card storage of cameras). The camera trap sampling design combines a grid-based sampling stratified by major habitats with the camera placement along a traditional monitoring route, and with an experimental set-up inside and outside large herbivore exclosures. This provides opportunities for studying the distribution, habitat use, activity, phenology, population structure and community composition of wildlife species and allows comparison of traditional with novel monitoring approaches. Images are transferred via application programming interfaces to external services for automated species identification and long-term data storage. A deep learning model for species identification was tested and showed promising results for identifying focal species. Furthermore, a detailed cost analysis revealed that establishment costs of the automated system are higher but the annual operating costs much lower than those for traditional camera trapping, resulting in the automated system being &gt;40 % more cost-efficient. The developed end-to-end data pipeline demonstrates that continuous monitoring with automated wildlife camera networks is feasible and cost-efficient, with multiple benefits for extending the current monitoring methods. The system can be applied in open habitats of other nature reserves with mobile network coverage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 141-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000458/pdfft?md5=dfc2fe50668a71564b2cfa9505f80049&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic interactions at birdfeeders: Attracting both prey and predators across urban and rural habitats","authors":"Piotr Tryjanowski ,&nbsp;Peter Mikula ,&nbsp;Federico Morelli","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Winter is a critical period for the survival of local bird species in temperate regions. Some wintering birds may rely on transient food, such as that provided at birdfeeders, but bird communities around birdfeeders may also attract predators. However, these effects of birdfeeders on interspecific interactions between birds and their predators remain largely unexplored and have so far not been tested experimentally. We hypothesized that birdfeeders indirectly attract predators in winter because of the attraction of small birds, and tested this hypothesis using experimental feeders at 52 different urban and rural sites across western Poland. We found that the number of small birds increased around birdfeeders, particularly those with provided food. We found that birdfeeders that attracted more small birds (regardless of whether they provided food) attracted also more predators, such as sparrowhawks <em>Accipiter nisus</em> and feral cats <em>Felis domesticus</em>. Moreover, birdfeeders in urban habitats attracted relatively fewer small birds but not fewer predators compared to those in rural areas. Altogether, birdfeeders with food provided attracted small prey birds but they attracted also more predators, whose presence may hinder small birds from fully utilizing available resources, potentially impacting their winter survival through direct (mortality) and indirect (increased monitoring and vigilance) effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000446/pdfft?md5=a9c1a468229717dce35d0a444adc15f3&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower richness is key to pollinator abundance: The role of garden features in cities","authors":"Astrid E. Neumann ,&nbsp;Felix Conitz ,&nbsp;Susan Karlebowski ,&nbsp;Ulrike Sturm ,&nbsp;Julia M. Schmack ,&nbsp;Monika Egerer","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban areas can be both detrimental for pollinators or function as suitable habitats, depending on the land-use type, the urban context and the pollinator group in focus. Urban green spaces, including gardens, parks or cemeteries can provide essential resources for a wide range of pollinator groups, like wild bees, hoverflies and beetles. Urban community gardens can be particularly structurally complex and harbour a diverse range of nesting and food resources for pollinators. However, we know little about how garden features may vary with the urban context of gardens and which specific garden features can increase the abundance of pollinators in general and of different pollinator groups.</p><p>Over two summer seasons, we recorded garden features and pollinators using flower observations in 33 urban community gardens in Munich and Berlin, Germany. We examined how garden features differ amongst urban community gardens from three urbanisation categories, and analysed the effects of garden features such as floral and nesting resources and landscape imperviousness (as indicator of urbanisation) on pollinator abundance, richness and diversity.</p><p>In more urbanised gardens, flower richness and bare substrate were less prevalent. Flower richness was positively correlated with overall pollinator abundance, richness and diversity as well as with the abundances of all pollinator taxa excluding beetles. Landscape imperviousness was negatively correlated with hoverfly and beetle abundances. Hoverflies also decreased with increasing bare substrate and wasp abundance decreased with increasing deadwood availability. Our findings highlight the important role of flower richness for insect conservation in urban management and show that pollinator taxa react differently to garden features and urbanisation. To support pollinating insects, gardeners can increase flower richness, especially in highly urbanised areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 102-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000434/pdfft?md5=5dd03f4459c42fa24011a4efd882ceb7&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larger cities host richer bee faunas, but are no refuge for species with concerning conservation status: Empirical evidence from Western Europe","authors":"Arthur Fauviau ,&nbsp;William Fiordaliso ,&nbsp;Alessandro Fisogni ,&nbsp;Laura Fortel ,&nbsp;Frédéric Francis ,&nbsp;Benoît Geslin ,&nbsp;Nina Hautekèete ,&nbsp;Charlène Heiniger ,&nbsp;Olivier Lambert ,&nbsp;Violette Le Feon ,&nbsp;François Massol ,&nbsp;Alice Michelot-Antalik ,&nbsp;Denis Michez ,&nbsp;Hugues Mouret ,&nbsp;Grégoire Noël ,&nbsp;Yves Piquot ,&nbsp;Lise Ropars ,&nbsp;Lucie Schurr ,&nbsp;Colin Van Reeth ,&nbsp;Vincent Zaninotto ,&nbsp;Mickaël Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the context of worldwide biodiversity and wild bee decline, it is increasingly important to better understand the effect of land-use changes on wild bee communities at a global scale. To do so, we studied the effect of city area and urban green spaces layout on wild bee species richness and community composition, as well as on wild bee species with an unfavorable UICN conservation status. This study was based on a large European dataset encompassing 20 cities from France, Belgium and Switzerland. We found a mean wild bee species richness in cities of 96 ± 48 (SD), showing that this species richness was highly variable among cities. The main factor positively influencing wild bee species richness in cities was the area of the city. Conversely, species richness was not significantly related to the total area of urban green spaces in a given city, measured as the spatial extent of urban parks, wastelands and other semi-natural habitats, excluding urban private gardens. Species with conservation status were quite scarce in urban environments, especially when compared to the European Red List of Bees, and we could not link their presence to either city or urban green space area. Dissimilarities in wild bee species community compositions were not associated with any of the studied characteristics of cities. We found that the dissimilarity of wild bee community composition among cities was mainly driven by the rarest species, as the most common ones were found in a majority of the cities sampled. Overall, these results emphasize that larger cities host more wild bee species, but are no refuge for the ones with concerning conservation status. Thus, stakeholders are encouraged to design their cities in favor of biodiversity to better support wild bee communities, and perhaps mitigate the established effect of the urban ecological filter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000410/pdfft?md5=a694e9530ca3fbc1443f9efa7c735f47&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000410-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and land use primarily drive the diversity of multi-taxonomic communities in agroecosystems","authors":"EL Slabbert ,&nbsp;TM. Knight ,&nbsp;T. Wubet ,&nbsp;M. Frenzel ,&nbsp;B. Singavarapu ,&nbsp;O. Schweiger","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To successfully conserve and restore agrobiodiversity, it is essential to understand the impact of multiple drivers and interlinkages across multiple taxa that occur above, across, and below the soil interface. Based on data from six agricultural landscapes in Central Germany, with 16 sampling plots per landscape, we used structural equation models to disentangle the impacts of climate, land-use, and soil factors on the diversity of multiple taxonomic groups. We expected belowground communities (soil bacteria and fungi) to be more driven by soil variables, mobile aboveground groups (wild bees, ground beetles) to be more driven by climate and land use, and vascular plants, that have an above- and belowground component, to respond to a combination of all factors.</p><p>According to our expectations, climate and land-use variables had an important role in shaping aboveground and plant communities. In contrast to our expectations, soil characteristics were of lesser importance for belowground organisms. Moreover, climatic factors had a strong impact on the soil microbiome, but this effect was indirect, modulated by soil pH. We also found indications for cascading effects of environmental factors <em>via</em> interlinkages within and among the above- and belowground communities. Our results highlight the importance of direct and indirect effects of multiple drivers on the diversity of multiple taxonomic groups and support recent calls for a multifunctional approach for sustainable landscape management and nature restoration, suggesting to focus on the promotion of semi-natural habitats but also considering the climatic context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000422/pdfft?md5=17e7fa1e796074ce7524c615c5c2d289&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cliff nesting birds provide nutrient inputs to cliff ecosystems","authors":"Angela E. Langevin ,&nbsp;Laura M. Boggess ,&nbsp;Georgia R. Harrison ,&nbsp;Michael D. Madritch","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Allochthonous inputs often link nutrient cycles between different ecosystems as nitrogen (N) that originates in one ecosystem is transferred to another. Mobile animals such as birds and fish can translocate nutrients between locations. Consequently, animal-mediated nutrient subsidies can shape plant communities, especially in nutrient-poor ecosystems. Terrestrial cliffs are typically nutrient-poor, receiving N from atmospheric deposition and cliff-top runoff. Cliff nesting birds deposit N-rich excrement onto the cliff during nesting, yet this potential nutrient input has rarely been demonstrated. Here we document an allochthonous input of N from cliff-nesting birds to terrestrial cliff vegetation. We sampled mineral N and vegetation on eight cliff systems in western North Carolina (USA) with nests from peregrine falcon (<em>F. peregrinus;</em> two sites) and common raven (<em>Corvus corax</em>; five sites). Two sites had nests but species identity was not confirmed. Cliff faces below bird nests had higher levels of ammonium (NH₄⁺) than did faces without nests. Both ammonium and nitrate (NO₃⁻) explained variability in cliff vegetation community composition, but site-level characteristics explained more of the variation than did N inputs alone. Lichens, the dominant taxonomic group, contributed the most to this variation and had higher species richness and diversity below nests. Indicator species analysis identified two nitrophilic lichen species below nests: <em>Flavoplaca citrina</em> and <em>Physcia caesia</em>. A third nitrophilic lichen, <em>Polycauliona candelaria (syn. Xanthoria candelaria)</em> was also found under nests. Bird excrement is likely a significant subsidy to nutrient-poor terrestrial cliff ecosystems, thus linking cliffs to more productive ecosystems and highlighting the need to include birds in conservation and management of cliffs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000409/pdfft?md5=4ad13db684c5565a702f927b817460ef&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}