Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Soil depth drives community assembly and functional traits of karst shrubland","authors":"Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jianping Tao ,&nbsp;Yuejun He ,&nbsp;Lifei Yu ,&nbsp;Lingbin Yan ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Jinchun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unraveling the mechanisms of community assembly in different ecosystems is a central ecological issue. Soil depth, which is the predominant characteristic of karst regions, possibly affects community assembly from the regional species pool into local communities. However, the influence of karst soil depth on plant community assembly mechanisms remains unclear. We investigated the community functional traits of karst shrublands by calculating community-weighted mean (CWM) traits for leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf potassium content (LKC). To explore the assembly pattern of karst shrublands, we assessed the extent of trait divergence or convergence using trait-based null model analyses. Additionally, we examined how community functional traits and assembly patterns changed with varying local soil depths. Karst shrublands were found to exhibit CWM trait combinations characterized by high LDMC and LCC, as well as low SLA, LNC, LPC, and LKC to adapting to harsh environments. Furthermore, the CWM of LDMC, LCC, LCC/LNC ratio, and LCC/LPC ratio significantly decreased, while SLA and LNC in karst shrublands significantly increased along soil depth gradients. This indicates that, as soil conditions improved, the karst shrubland community shifted from a conservative survival strategy to a resource-acquisition strategy. Overall, the convergence pattern prevailed in the karst shrubland communities for most leaf traits. As the karst soil depth increased, the traits of the shrubland communities shifted from a convergence pattern toward a neutral assembly. These results demonstrate for the first time that species were primarily assembled into karst shrubland communities through environmental filtering, while the importance of environmental filtering in the assembly process gradually weakened with increasing soil depth. Our study underlines the necessity of increasing soil quantity to allow more species from the regional species pool to enter local shrublands, thereby promoting karst community succession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000665/pdfft?md5=109f36c780172e5597c4bba944a509cb&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000665-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The German insect monitoring scheme: Establishment of a nationwide long-term recording of arthropods","authors":"Merle Streitberger ,&nbsp;Gregor Stuhldreher ,&nbsp;Thomas Fartmann ,&nbsp;Werner Ackermann ,&nbsp;Hella Ludwig ,&nbsp;Sandro Pütz ,&nbsp;Wiebke Züghart","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A standardised monitoring is indispensable to identify trends of insect populations. However, until recently, a systematic monitoring of insects in Germany was missing. Therefore, the German federal ministry for the environment funded the conceptualisation of an insect monitoring scheme.</div><div>Here, we inform about the general concept and structure of the German insect monitoring scheme (GIMS) and the steps taken and still to be taken for the implementation of the scheme. A first step was the development of the objectives, general concept und structure of the GIMS in close collaboration with the nature conservation authorities at the national and federal state levels, as the latter are responsible for the implementation of nature conservation-related monitoring schemes. The GIMS is structured into two sections: section 1 ‘Monitoring of common insects’ and section 2 ‘Monitoring of rare insects’. Both sections contain modules that focus on selected aspects of insect diversity. In section 1, insect communities of the wider countryside will be monitored. Section 2 focuses on insect communities in rare habitats and species of high conservation value (e.g. threatened species). The next step was to develop standardised sampling methods for the modules in collaboration with experts and the nature conservation authorities. Wherever appropriate, synergies with other monitoring schemes were created, e.g. for combined analyses with environmental variables.</div><div>Parallel to the development of the concept, several federal states have already implemented selected modules of the GIMS. Furthermore, the module ‘Grasshoppers in grasslands’ was tested during a pilot phase. By using the data from the pilot phase and the High Nature Value Farmland Monitoring scheme the relationship between high nature value farmland and grasshopper diversity was evaluated. This indicated the great potential of using synergies among monitoring schemes for joint data analyses and showed that it is worth exploring such approaches in greater depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000616/pdfft?md5=e92e6eb8f0158651e0b13c85e49ed12a&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simply the green: Urban refuges","authors":"Johanna L. Berger ,&nbsp;Sonja N.K. Daum ,&nbsp;Margarita Hartlieb","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large refugia and small refuges have always been crucial for species survival, particularly during periods like the Ice Age. When their original habitats became uninhabitable, they provided important shelters in space and time. Drawing from a biological and philosophical perspective, we propose creating and preserving refuges as socio-ecological solutions in an epoch primarily shaped by human activity, the Anthropocene. Our focus lies on green refuges within urban settings, given that urbanization is one of the large drivers of insect decline and has adverse effects on humans, such as increased heat. Refuges can be beneficial for both biodiversity and human well-being.</div><div>After clarifying the relevant terminology on four levels of abstraction, we conducted a systematic biological literature review - as a case study. Here, we summarize the current state of research on the effects of unmown refuges on insects and spiders. The mere existence of refuges proved beneficial for arthropods, with over 70 % of studies reporting positive responses among these species.</div><div>While insects and spiders have specific habitat requirements, humans are able to create a habitable environment for themselves. However, ecological crises for humans and arthropods are increasing, as are human populations. Therefore, refuges offer a way to address both ecological and social challenges simultaneously, enhancing biodiversity and human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917912400063X/pdfft?md5=d83ccd775145884e5a0afb7a38b98f7b&pid=1-s2.0-S143917912400063X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the edge: Conservation genomics of the critically endangered dwarf mountain pine Pherosphaera fitzgeraldii","authors":"Eilish S. McMaster ,&nbsp;Jia-Yee S. Yap ,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Chen ,&nbsp;Ahamad Sherieff ,&nbsp;Marianne Bate ,&nbsp;Ian Brown ,&nbsp;Michaela Jones ,&nbsp;Maurizio Rossetto","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Pherosphaera fitzgeraldii</em>, the Dwarf Mountain Pine, is a critically endangered conifer restricted to cliff ledges within waterfall spray zones in the Greater Blue Mountains Area of New South Wales, Australia. This species is under threat from pollution, invasive weeds, and limited recruitment, which are contributing to its declining population. Using a comprehensive conservation genomic approach, we assessed the population health of <em>P. fitzgeraldii</em> and developed strategic recommendations for its management.</p><p>Genomic analysis of <em>P. fitzgeraldii</em> revealed the presence of two distinct genetic groups despite the limited distribution of the species. This genetic structure aligns with prevailing wind currents, indicating potential restrictions to pollen or seed exchange between subpopulations. Furthermore, limited gene flow was observed even among nearby subpopulations, emphasizing the risk of increased genetic differentiation due to ongoing isolation. Clonality is widespread in some subpopulations, and all subpopulations displayed signs of inbreeding and genetic depletion despite subdioecy, indicative of historical constraints on gene flow and small population sizes.</p><p>We offer genomic-based recommendations for prioritizing conservation sites, enhancing genetic diversity in ex situ collections, and guiding future management. Further studies to uncover the sex determination mechanism of <em>P. fitzgeraldii</em> could help maintain balanced sex ratios in ex situ collections and support future genetic rescue efforts. This study underscores the value of genomics in informing protection and recovery of unique threatened species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000641/pdfft?md5=585d1d69152f217c7aed82533e386952&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000641-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High soil moisture promotes the emergence of ground beetles and spiders from soils in wheat fields","authors":"Klarissa Kober ,&nbsp;Klaus Birkhofer ,&nbsp;Michael Glemnitz","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Promoting arthropods in agricultural landscapes can contribute substantially to stop their decline and enhance pest control. Higher soil moisture and the presence of field margins can increase the abundance of arthropods in agricultural landscapes and influence their distribution within crop fields. However, little is known about the influence of soil moisture and distance from field margins on the overwintering of arthropods in arable fields. We investigated the influence of soil moisture and distance from a field margin on the numbers of arthropods, ground beetles and spiders emerging from soil in winter wheat fields. We established transects in winter wheat fields away from two different types of field margins: (i) around small standing water bodies (kettle holes) to capture a wide range of soil moisture values and (ii) other semi-natural landscape elements. At three distances (1 m, 20 m, 50 m), we sampled arthropods with emergence traps and measured soil moisture between March and June. We found that soil moisture had a positive effect on the emergence numbers of arthropods in general and ground beetles and spiders in particular. Distance from field margins generally had negative effects on the emergence numbers of ground beetles, but positive effects on the emergence numbers of spiders. Emergence numbers and soil moisture content did not differ significantly between the two types of field margins. The high emergence numbers inside the fields indicate that arable fields are important overwintering habitats for beneficial arthropods. Proper management of arable soils to promote soil water holding capacity and soil moisture content may have the added benefit of promoting the production of beneficial natural enemies from local soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000628/pdfft?md5=aaea408197bae2485127bcd5b02e983e&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource omnivory in soil food webs and meta-ecosystem connections","authors":"Anton M. Potapov","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil food webs were long considered an ecosystem sink for primary production and a black box of reticulated interactions. Quantification of multiple and changing interactions among consumers and resources within and beyond soil food webs stands up as a major challenge. In this mini-review/opinion paper, I present development of ideas on soil food-web structure focusing on resource omnivory – a central characteristic that is linked to food-web structure and stability. There is plenty of empirical evidence for trophic differentiation among soil invertebrates along different food-web dimensions (food resources, trophic levels, microhabitats, time). This comes along with the pervasive idea of widespread omnivory in soil food webs. I argue that we need to quantitatively assess multiple-resource feeding by soil consumers and related drivers across various taxa and different ecosystem types to come closer to predictions of soil food-web structure and dynamics. At the meta-ecosystem level, cross-ecosystem omnivory (i.e. feeding across energy fluxes from different ecosystems) plays an important role in connecting soil with aboveground and aquatic food webs. Aboveground-belowground studies have been focusing on the interfaces such as the rhizosphere and litter surface. Broader cascading impacts of the energy and organismic fluxes across these interfaces within the recipient ecosystem are, however, less understood. Of particular interest here are connections of vertebrate communities to soil food webs and the central role of soil-borne insects in cross-ecosystem energy exchange. Interactions between soil and aquatic food webs span for dozens to hundreds of meters from the terrestrial-aquatic interface, transferring significant amount of energy and matter between these ecosystems. Consequent changes of the structure and functioning in the recipient ecosystem requires more attention, especially how biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships manifest across ecosystems. Continuously developing methods, such as compound-specific isotopic analyses, can facilitate quantification of cross-ecosystem omnivory, helping to understand effects of food-web changes across the ecosystem borders. Overall, I present soil food webs as an open and dynamic pool with multiple cross-ecosystem connections and call for quantitative studies in this direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000604/pdfft?md5=47b70ef41e0d31a42ead8defbec97c07&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How cushion plant communities structure nival soil biodiversity: A metabarcoding study in the French Alps","authors":"Keyvan Dumas,&nbsp;Alexy Rosa,&nbsp;Glenn Yannic,&nbsp;Christiane Gallet,&nbsp;Irene Calderon-Sanou,&nbsp;Clément Lionnet,&nbsp;Ludovic Gielly,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller,&nbsp;Sébastien Lavergne,&nbsp;Sébastien Ibanez","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the challenging environmental conditions of high elevation ecosystems, cushion plants create micro-climatic and fertile shelters which host a vast diversity of organisms. Yet, the taxonomic diversity of these hosts remains poorly described, and to what extent cushion plants structure these communities remains unclear. We sampled soils beneath six different species of cushion plants, along with bare-ground controls, across two different elevation gradients in the French Alps. We used environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the effect of different species of cushion plants on the <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> diversity of fungi, bacteria, eukaryotes, and for the first time in these ecosystems, unicellular eukaryotes and soil worms. Cushion plants hosted a surprisingly large diversity of organisms, from bacteria to mites and collembolans, forming rich and complex ecosystems. <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-diversity between cushion plant and bare soil samples differed only for fungi, with communities partly structured by the cushion plant species’ identity. The effect of cushion plant species on composition and <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-diversity of eukaryotic and fungal communities surpassed the environmental effect, while it equaled the site effect for bacterial communities. These results highlight the key role of biotic interactions in shaping the composition of high elevation communities, and clarify the role of cushion plants as engineer and foundation species in these harsh environments. By sheltering highly diverse communities at such high elevation, cushion plants may play a prominent role in the ecological assembly of these diverse, yet poorly known, ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000598/pdfft?md5=7da7151afb0fee69c30a77a29c24a31f&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000598-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of cliff plant species in the Balearic Islands under current and projected climatic scenarios","authors":"Joshua Borràs ,&nbsp;Iván Cortés-Fernández ,&nbsp;Miquel Capó","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cliff ecology has been studied for decades, providing information about its high biodiversity values and their vulnerability to climate change. Also, insular ecosystems present biodiversity hotspots with high endemicity, but they are also severely affected by anthropogenic effects. Together, insular cliff communities combine both biodiversity uniqueness and high vulnerability to global change, but few studies have evaluated these particular ecosystems. Our aim was to provide information on the spatial distribution of insular cliff-specific vegetation assessing which environmental and climatic variables contribute to the definition of cliff habitat conditions. Ecological niche modelling for cliff populations in Balearic Islands has been calculated with presences of 20 plant species and climatic and geographical variables using a Random Forest model. The most important climatic variables for the model generation were mean temperature of the driest quarter and precipitation of the coldest quarter. The map obtained showed that mountain ranges from all islands provide highly suitable conditions for rupicolous species. Both the pessimistic and optimistic models showed that the habitat suitability of cliff vegetation in the mountain ranges would decrease, while they are close to zero in lowlands for the period 2021–2040. This study emphasizes the vulnerability of cliff habitats to climate change due to their limited dispersal capacity and distribution and the strict requirements for habitat suitability. From this work, future studies can focus on single-species analysis to evaluate if any cliff specialist species can be at risk of extinction due to climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000586/pdfft?md5=08904ef916ebf5252b30748df0bda66b&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000586-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call to action for inventorying and monitoring of cliff ecosystems to support conservation","authors":"Georgia R. Harrison ,&nbsp;Laura M. Boggess ,&nbsp;Sarah E. McCord ,&nbsp;Martí March-Salas","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cliffs harbor unique and specialized biodiversity that warrants attention and conservation. At the same time, cliffs are under increased threat from anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Since cliffs are highly heterogeneous, spatially isolated, and often inaccessible compared to nearby habitats, land managers require up-to-date and site-specific information to protect them. Cliffs are often overlooked due to the technical and logistical challenges posed by surveying these environments, but field inventorying and monitoring can fill this gap. We present three case studies of cliff monitoring in action: mapping populations of an endemic rare plant in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (US), photo-sampling of cliff specialist plants in Spain, and surveying peregrine falcons in Western North Carolina (US). These case studies highlight the application of various monitoring techniques, the possibilities for collaboration among stakeholders, and some ways that data from monitoring can inform cliff conservation and stewardship. To facilitate the development of easy-to-implement monitoring, we outline three approaches and associated best practices for monitoring cliff plants. Methods range from simple photo point monitoring to more in-depth species inventories and could be implemented by community scientists alongside a broader audience interested in providing up-to-date data on cliff environments. We call for action, urging the expansion and advancement of cliff biodiversity monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000513/pdfft?md5=bec4bdf6cb56d8ccb1d55ab7648fb618&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000513-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multiple-mechanisms hypothesis of biodiversity–stability relationships","authors":"Nico Eisenhauer ,&nbsp;Kevin Mueller ,&nbsp;Anne Ebeling ,&nbsp;Gerd Gleixner ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Anna-Maria Madaj ,&nbsp;Christiane Roscher ,&nbsp;Alexandra Weigelt ,&nbsp;Michael Bahn ,&nbsp;Michael Bonkowski ,&nbsp;Ulrich Brose ,&nbsp;Simone Cesarz ,&nbsp;Hannes Feilhauer ,&nbsp;Claudia Guimaraes-Steinicke ,&nbsp;Anna Heintz-Buschart ,&nbsp;Jes Hines ,&nbsp;Markus Lange ,&nbsp;Sebastian T. Meyer ,&nbsp;Neha Mohanbabu ,&nbsp;Liesje Mommer ,&nbsp;Forest Isbell","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-term research in grassland biodiversity experiments has provided empirical evidence that ecological and evolutionary processes are intertwined in determining both biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) and biodiversity–stability relationships. Focusing on plant diversity, we hypothesize that multifunctional stability is highest in high-diversity plant communities and that biodiversity–stability relationships increase over time due to a variety of forms of ecological complementarity including the interaction with other biota above and below ground. We introduce the <em>multiple-mechanisms hypothesis of biodiversity–stability relationships</em> suggesting that it is not an individual mechanism that drives long-term biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and stability but that several intertwined processes produce increasingly positive ecosystem effects. The following six mechanisms are important. Low-diversity plant communities accumulate more plant antagonists over time (1), and use resources less efficiently and have more open, leaky nutrient cycles (2). Conversely, high-diversity plant communities support a greater diversity and activity of beneficial interaction partners across trophic levels (3); diversify in their traits over time and space, within and across species, to optimize temporal (intra- and interannual) and spatial complementarity (4), create a more stable microclimate (5), and foster higher top-down control of aboveground and belowground herbivores by predators (6). In line with the observation that different species play unique roles in ecosystems that are dynamic and multifaceted, the particular mechanism contributing most to the higher performance and stability of diverse plant communities might differ across ecosystem functions, years, locations, and environmental change scenarios. This indicates “between-context insurance” or “across-context complementarity” of different mechanisms. We introduce examples of experiments that will be conducted to test our hypotheses and which might inspire additional work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 153-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179124000495/pdfft?md5=5409b178c3e2f12ccc751de18fdabe51&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179124000495-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}