Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

{"title":"The impact of submontane meadows management on the structure of millipede (Diplopoda) communities","authors":"Slavomír Stašiov ,&nbsp;Andrea Diviaková ,&nbsp;Vladimír Pätoprstý ,&nbsp;Marek Svitok","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-natural submontane meadows are biodiversity-rich habitats that require appropriate management for conservation; however the effects of management on millipede communities remain understudied. We investigated millipede communities across 30 plots in mowed, grazed, and abandoned meadows at 10 localities in central Slovakia using pitfall traps in 2018. In total, 705 individuals from 15 species were collected. Mowed meadows had the highest average activity density (43.4 individuals), species richness (5.6 species), and Shannon diversity (<em>H</em> = 1.32), followed by grazed meadows. In contrast, abandoned meadows showed the lowest average values (9.6 individuals, 2.9 species, <em>H</em> = 0.83). Species composition differed across habitat types, with <em>Megaphyllum projectum</em> favouring grazed meadows and <em>Unciger transsilvanicus</em> and <em>Mastigona bosniensis</em> preferring managed meadows (mowed and grazed), and <em>Glomeris tetrasticha</em> was more abundant in abandoned meadows. Plot area and distance to continuous forest were identified as significant predictors of community composition. Millipede activity density increased with plot area but declined with increasing distance from continuous forest. Species richness also showed a positive relationship with plot area but decreased with higher soil nitrogen content. Soil nitrogen further had a negative effect on Shannon diversity, whereas solar radiation exerted a positive influence. Mowing emerged as the most suitable management practice, whereas grazing and abandonment were less favourable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying risk factors for the rare, endangered fen orchid Liparis loeselii in NE Germany with a fresh approach","authors":"Kai Hobritz ,&nbsp;Franziska Tanneberger ,&nbsp;Johannes Metz","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fen mires are one of the most threatened habitats in Central Europe and harbor numerous specialized plant species. One of these species is the fen orchid <em>Liparis loeselii</em>, which is threatened and declining in most European inland fens. However, the risk factors driving the species’ decline are poorly understood. We therefore studied vegetation structure, species composition, and abiotic conditions at 17 current sites with extant and 11 former sites with extinct populations in north-eastern Germany. The methodological challenges posed by the patchiness and rarity of the species were tackled with a fresh approach that combined systematically random plots (assessing common, average habitat conditions) with selectively placed plots (targeting L. <em>loeselii</em> microhabitats). Compared to current sites, former sites of extinct populations were characterized by lower moisture, higher peat degradation, higher nutrient availability, lower moss and herb cover, higher abundancies of nitrophytes and common grassland species, and less fen specialist species. Similar differences emerged between average habitat conditions and L. <em>loeselii</em> microhabitats; and the latter furthermore featured lower vegetation height, higher light availability, and higher proportions of bare soil. Our study indicates that the main risk factors for L. <em>loeselii</em> in our study region resulted from enhanced fen degradation, where lowered water tables due to drainage or drought degraded the upper peat layers and released nutrients. This changed the species composition toward taller, more competitive species which increased shading, litter cover, and limited open patches and brown mosses, ultimately leading to local extinctions. It is therefore crucial that permanently high water tables are maintained or restored to protect L. <em>loeselii</em> – and fen mires in general. Our approach proved successful with only moderate sample size and may facilitate investigating other rare species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of plant species diversity in suburban forests: A case study from the Czech Republic","authors":"Daniel Kadaš,&nbsp;Zdeňka Lososová","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization, together with land use changes, significantly transforms surrounding habitats, affecting the occurrence of plant species and the diversity of communities they form. However, detailed information on the individual environmental drivers influencing plant species composition of suburban forests remains limited. In this study, we ask: What are the main drivers of plant species diversity in suburban forests? In the city of Brno, Czech Republic, and its surroundings, we surveyed 110 vegetation plots of acidophilous oak and hornbeam forests. Using generalized linear models and canonical correspondence analysis, we studied the effects of urban environmental drivers on various plant species characteristics. Urbanization was the most significant driver since artificial surfaces near forests decreased total species richness and increased both the disturbance severity and the proportion of non-native species. Larger forest areas supported the presence of forest specialists and limited the spread of competitive generalists. Open forest stands surrounded by agricultural areas promoted the persistence of threatened species. Despite the prevailing acidic bedrock, variation in soil pH – common in urban areas – also influenced plant species diversity. In addition, forest management significantly affected vegetation composition, independently of the surrounding land use. Based on our findings, ensuring sufficient forest area, minimizing disturbance, maintaining habitat continuity, and enhancing landscape connectivity are essential for conservation of near-natural forests in urban planning. Management of oak and hornbeam forests should aim to create more open stands, support understorey regeneration, and prevent environmental degradation to sustain their required ecosystem functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental reduction of land use increases invertebrate abundance in grasslands","authors":"Michael Staab ,&nbsp;Alexander Keller ,&nbsp;Rafael Achury ,&nbsp;Andrea Hilpert ,&nbsp;Norbert Hölzel ,&nbsp;Daniel Prati ,&nbsp;Wolfgang W. Weisser ,&nbsp;Nico Blüthgen","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grasslands are diverse ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by intensive land use. Restoring grasslands by reducing land-use intensity may support insect abundance and diversity, helping to halt insect declines. To test for the effect of reduced land use on invertebrates, we studied an experiment (established 2020) at 45 sites across three regions of Germany. We hypothesized that reduced land use increases invertebrate abundance, with larger effects in less intensively used grasslands. Using suction sampling, invertebrates were quantitatively sampled in May 2021 and May 2023, with 2021 samples identified by DNA meta-barcoding. Reducing land use to a single late mowing increased invertebrate abundance by 41 % after one year and 99 % after three years. However, species diversity did not differ between treatments and controls. The effect of land-use reduction on abundance was consistently influenced by land use in the surrounding matrix, with larger positive effect sizes at grasslands with lower mowing frequency but higher fertilization. In spite of these local differences in the magnitude of restoration effects, the consistent increase in invertebrate abundance suggests that reducing land-use intensity can enhance invertebrate populations with potential benefits for ecosystem functions. It will be important to study how outcomes of land-use reduction develop over time, as land-use reduction is likely more successful when implemented permanently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue: Biodiversity and ecosystem services in European vineyards: Innovative approaches for a sustainable future","authors":"Armin Bischoff ,&nbsp;Anita Kirmer","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of land-use and local disturbance on plant and pollinator communities in wetlands","authors":"Nicholas Oldham ,&nbsp;Jamie Herold ,&nbsp;Kevin Moulton ,&nbsp;Adrian Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Laura Russo","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While pollinators and wetlands both provide important ecosystem services (e.g., the pollination of flowering plants and improving water quality), the relationship between the two is not well understood. Both biotic and abiotic effects can mediate the local wetland flower and pollinator community. In this study, we investigated how land use, including a land use gradient at five different radii, from 250 m to 2 km, along with anthropogenic disturbance affected pollinators in wetland ecosystems. We surveyed the abundance and diversity of plant-pollinator communities in fifteen different wetlands across two years. We also tested the relationship between water quality and temperature, and the abundance and diversity of flowering plants and pollinating insects. Our results suggest that increasing temperature, which was strongly associated with developed land use, had a negative effect on the floral display of wetland plants, as well as the abundance of all flower visitors and hover flies. Hover fly abundance was also positively associated with agricultural land use and total nitrogen in the water. Meanwhile, the abundance of female bees was affected by an interaction between temperature and disturbance: female bees were most abundant when temperatures were lower in areas of low disturbance. In contrast, pollinator species richness increased with temperature when developed land use was low, and floral diversity was strongly affected by several interactions between disturbance, land use, and water quality. Finally, the community composition of both plants and insects varied significantly among low, medium, and high disturbance categories, with weedier, non-native species being significantly associated with areas of higher disturbance and in sites with greater anthropogenic land use. We demonstrate that ecological communities shift significantly in response to anthropogenic change. Our work also illustrates the importance of quantifying interactions between land use and local disturbance with abiotic factors such as temperature and water quality on ecological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of abandonment and intensification on the biodiversity of agriculturally marginal grasslands – a systematic review","authors":"Susanna Hempel ,&nbsp;Felix Herzog ,&nbsp;Péter Batáry ,&nbsp;Erik Öckinger ,&nbsp;Eva Knop","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculturally marginal grasslands have been traditionally managed at low intensity for centuries and are among Europe’s key biodiversity hotspots. Because of their low profitability, many of them have been either abandoned or subjected to intensified management in recent decades. Both pathways threaten the high diversity of grassland species that depend on traditional management practices. To counteract the negative effects of abandonment or agricultural intensification on biodiversity, restoration and conservation practices were established. Through a systematic literature review based on 174 European studies, we investigated the impacts of abandonment and intensification on various measures of agriculturally marginal grasslands diversity. Additionally, we extracted information on the positive impacts of conservation – defined here as sustained extensive management practices - and restoration efforts aimed at previously abandoned or intensified grasslands. Abandonment had a high probability (71%) of reducing plant and lichen biodiversity, while it was significantly less likely to decrease the diversity of animals (23%). Intensification negatively affected the diversity of all organism groups to a similar extent (65% probability for plants and lichen, 47% for animals). Conservation efforts were likely to maintain or increase animal biodiversity (probability 79%), but in the studies we analysed, they were not sufficient to preserve the biodiversity of plants and lichen. The restoration of abandoned or intensified grasslands was predicted to enhance plant and lichen diversity (68% probability), while not significantly changing animal diversity. Thus, different organisms groups responded differently to changes in agricultural management, highlighting the need for targeted conservation and restoration strategies. By synthesizing biodiversity responses across taxa and management types, this review contributes to a more integrated and evidence-based understanding of how to maintain and improve the ecological value of agriculturally marginal grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residents’ perceptions of cultural ecosystem services from urban green spaces: A comparative study of Korea and Germany","authors":"Jaewon Son ,&nbsp;Yunjeong Lee ,&nbsp;Caroline Kramer ,&nbsp;Somidh Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding public needs is crucial for effective management and planning of urban green spaces (UGS). UGS offer cultural ecosystem services (CES) that enhance human wellbeing. However, CES are challenging to measure, and vary across cultures, limiting cross-cultural research. This study examines public perceptions of CES from UGS in Suwon, Korea, and Karlsruhe, Germany, through a map-based PPGIS questionnaire. Respondents were urban residents in both cities, recruited through a combination of online outreach, local postings, and snowball sampling between July and September 2023. Karlsruhe residents visited UGS more frequently and spent more time there both before and after COVID-19 than Suwon residents. Most Suwon residents favored the nearest green spaces, while Karlsruhe residents preferred UGS farther from their homes. In Suwon, higher income was linked to a lower evaluation of biodiversity importance. Age and gender influenced the evaluation of biodiversity importance in both cities. Younger people visited UGS more often than older people after COVID-19 in both cities. In Karlsruhe, female respondents visited UGS more frequently than male respondents, whereas in Suwon, male showed a higher frequency. However, female respondents in Karlsruhe spent more time in UGS than males, while there was no statistically significant difference in Suwon. Education level was significant only in Suwon, where individuals with university education spent more time in UGS after COVID-19 than those without. These findings reflect how cultural and socio-demographic factors shape human-nature interactions, supporting theoretical perspectives such as the biophilia hypothesis, social ecology, and environmental psychology. Integrating these interdisciplinary insights into UGS planning can help create inclusive, culturally responsive, and ecologically meaningful urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 32-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human pressure can reduce genetic diversity and elevate trophic position: an arthropod case study","authors":"Iris S. Schlick-Steiner ,&nbsp;Kelly Penning ,&nbsp;Marion Pranter ,&nbsp;Barbara Thaler-Knoflach ,&nbsp;Florian M. Steiner ,&nbsp;Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban and agricultural areas are covering ever more land, deteriorating animal habitats. So far, there exist a limited number of studies on urbanisation and even fewer studies on the impact of agriculture. To find out how this overall human pressure, that is, hemeroby, affects arthropods, we chose an interdisciplinary approach by studying genetic diversity and trophic position of the spiders <em>Araneus diadematus</em> and <em>Nuctenea umbratica</em> and the ant <em>Formica fuscocinerea</em>. We collected five specimens per species from fifty 500 × 500 m square plots in a medium-sized Central-European city with green surroundings. Firstly, genetic analyses using newly developed microsatellites revealed a significant effect of hemeroby on <em>Araneus diadematus</em>, that is, reduced genetic diversity. Secondly, likewise in <em>Araneus diadematus,</em> the stable isotope δ¹⁵N increased with hemeroby, possibly due to a major food-spectrum change. Thus, we found that hemeroby can negatively impact arthropods. We believe our findings are relevant to urban planning, particularly given that even stronger effects can be expected for larger and more urbanised cities and in less vagile organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collectomics in plant biodiversity research − looking into the past to understand the present and shape the future","authors":"Solveig Franziska Bucher ,&nbsp;Sebastian Gebauer ,&nbsp;Jonas Grieb ,&nbsp;Matthias Körschens ,&nbsp;Jochen Müller ,&nbsp;Christiane M. Ritz ,&nbsp;Rajapreethi Rajendran ,&nbsp;Claus Weiland ,&nbsp;Karsten Wesche ,&nbsp;Kristin Victor ,&nbsp;Christine Römermann","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global biodiversity is changing at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene. Whereas current biodiversity patterns can be observed directly, information from the recent past is far less easily retrieved yet urgently needed to understand present observations and predict future developments. For plants, herbaria offer such a unique glimpse into the past. Evaluation of plant specimens allows determining a wide range of attributes like species identity, morphological and phenological traits and even signs of biotic interactions. Specimen’s labels convey data such as species identity (and identification history), date and locality of collection, as well as the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Current methodological developments in sensor technology and computer vision increasingly enable us to extract this information in a high throughput and automated way. Equally vast developments in data science allow to integrate data from other sources for much more comprehensive analyses than before. With millions of specimens already digitized and digitization schemes running in many institutions, we will be increasingly able to determine characteristics of species and link them via distribution records to large-scale climate change scenarios. This allows us to better predict species’ threat levels, and to develop scenarios on the consequences of biodiversity change for ecosystem functioning. The present contribution reviews recent herbaria research and describes potential avenues with respect to Museomics and the Extended Specimen, and we propose Collectomics as a new framework to unravel, understand, and cope with the Anthropocene biodiversity change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}