Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of heterogeneity on the ecological diversity and redundancy of forest fauna","authors":"Lea Heidrich ,&nbsp;Roland Brandl ,&nbsp;Christian Ammer ,&nbsp;Soyeon Bae ,&nbsp;Claus Bässler ,&nbsp;Inken Doerfler ,&nbsp;Markus Fischer ,&nbsp;Martin M. Gossner ,&nbsp;Marco Heurich ,&nbsp;Christoph Heibl ,&nbsp;Kirsten Jung ,&nbsp;Peter Krzystek ,&nbsp;Shaun Levick ,&nbsp;Paul Magdon ,&nbsp;Peter Schall ,&nbsp;Ernst-Detlef Schulze ,&nbsp;Sebastian Seibold ,&nbsp;Nadja K. Simons ,&nbsp;Simon Thorn ,&nbsp;Wolfgang W. Weisser ,&nbsp;Jörg Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterogeneity in forests might promote biodiversity not only through an increase in niche volume but also through other processes, such as an increase in resources and their spatial distribution. However, negative relationships between heterogeneity and biodiversity have also been observed, which may indicate that heterogeneity acts as a filter for some species. This study examined the effects of different facets of heterogeneity in forest stands, i.e. deadwood, plant diversity, forest stand structure, and micro-scale topography, on the ecological (functional-phylogenetic) diversity and redundancy of nine animal groups: moths, true bugs, different functional groups of beetles, spiders, birds, and bats. Overall, we found positive effects of heterogeneity on ecological diversity and redundancy. Although the effect of heterogeneity at the local scale was moderate compared with the general effect of region, greater heterogeneity could be beneficial to some species groups and lead to more resilient species communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000610/pdfft?md5=c1c22d5b4779492ceec1eef5cec3a924&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000610-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134832670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niche differentiation of arthropods and plants along small-scale gradients in temporary wetlands (kettle holes)","authors":"Kolja Bergholz ,&nbsp;Cathrina Balthasar ,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Weiss ,&nbsp;Jennifer Brunkhardt ,&nbsp;Michael Ristow ,&nbsp;Lina Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small temporary wetlands, like kettle holes, provide many valuable ecosystem functions and serve as refuge habitats in otherwise monotonous agricultural landscapes. However, the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity in these habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how three taxa (vascular plants, ground beetles and spiders) respond to small-scale flooding and disturbance gradients in kettle holes as well as kettle hole area. For this purpose, we determined total, hygrophilic and red list species richness for all taxa and activity density for arthropods along transects extending from the edge towards the center of kettle holes. Furthermore, we calculated the community-weighted mean body size for arthropods and seed mass for plants as surrogates for the ability to respond to disturbance. Our analyses revealed that in particular plants and ground beetles showed strong responses along the small-scale spatial gradient. Total plant species richness decreased towards the center, while hygrophilic plant species increased. In contrast, both total and hygrophilic species richness of ground beetles increased towards the center. Spiders showed similar responses as ground beetles, but less pronounced. We found no evidence that disturbance at the edge of kettle holes leads to smaller body sizes or seed masses. However, arthropods in adjacent arable fields (one meter from the kettle hole edge) were particularly small. Kettle hole area had only weak effects on plants, but not on arthropods. Our study indicates that differences in the depth at the drier edge and the moist, regularly flooded center have a large and taxon-dependent influence on the species composition. Therefore, small-scale heterogeneity seems to be an important predictor for the maintenance of species diversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000609/pdfft?md5=67a98dbe0a60e899d95b775eb9ab7193&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91991875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glyphosate reduces the biodiversity of soil macrofauna and benefits exotic over native species in a tropical agroecosystem","authors":"Meryem El jaouhari ,&nbsp;Gaëlle Damour ,&nbsp;Philippe Tixier ,&nbsp;Mathieu Coulis","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herbicides are the most applied pesticides in the world. Despite numerous laboratory studies demonstrating the toxic effect of herbicides on non-target organisms, the effect of herbicides on soil organisms in the field remains complex to understand and is still controversial. In order to understand how changes in agricultural practices aiming to reduce herbicide use could impact soil biodiversity, we studied the effect of the frequency of herbicide application on soil biodiversity in a tropical agroecosystem.</p><p>Our study was conducted on banana farms in Martinique, an island with a humid tropical climate belonging to the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Thirteen banana plots from five different farms were selected, ranging from plots receiving no herbicides to plots receiving 4–5 applications per year. Soil macro-arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps resulting in the collection of over 6,200 individuals. Of the 100 taxa that were differentiated, 75 could be identified to species level which allowed to assign each taxon to a trophic group and when possible to classify them according to whether they were introduced or native.</p><p>Macro-arthropod mean species richness was 21% lower in plots with the highest frequency of herbicide application. However, no conclusive effect of herbicides on macro-arthropod abundance was demonstrated. Mean species richness for different trophic groups also decreased with herbicide applications with decreases of 22% for predators, 17% for omnivores, 55% for herbivores, and 55% for decomposers in plots with 4–5 herbicide applications per year compared to plots with no herbicide use. Species composition of macro-arthropod communities varied significantly with herbicide applications. More specifically, we found that native species represented a higher proportion of individuals captured in plots where no herbicides were used; suggesting that agroecological practices implemented at the field level to reduce the frequency of herbicide use potentially play a relevant role in soil biodiversity conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917912300052X/pdfft?md5=b045631dc35027b5df7e03ea0867787b&pid=1-s2.0-S143917912300052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91991876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the wildland-urban interface: Sensory pollution and infrastructure effects on mule deer behavior and connectivity","authors":"Mark A. Ditmer ,&nbsp;Neil H. Carter ,&nbsp;Kent R. Hersey ,&nbsp;Martin Leclerc ,&nbsp;George Wittemyer ,&nbsp;David C. Stoner","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate and land-use change are modifying the availability of food and water resources, which is driving more wildlife to the wildland-urban interface. For many wildlife populations, use of these areas still requires habitat connectivity both within the interface and/or to wildland habitats. However, navigating these areas can be difficult due to human development and sensory pollutants, such as artificial night light. Determining how these components of urbanization influence the behaviors and functional connectivity of species is important for managing wildlife within these mixed-use landscapes. Here we used a movescape approach based on graph theory to characterize functional uses of the landscape using metrics for behavior, connectivity, and space use intensity. We found that mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>; n = 43) functional uses of anthropogenic landscapes in the Intermountain West, USA, were dependent not only on physical barriers, terrain, and sensory factors, but also the local levels of light exposure and vegetative greenness. Remotely sensed artificial light levels had a strong influence on how mule deer used the landscape by reducing the intensity of use in the most illuminated areas given forage availability. In contrast, relatively high local light levels were associated with increased use intensity within less developed areas—highlighting the foraging tradeoffs for species using the wildland-urban interface. Corridor use was reduced in areas where road and housing density were higher, and within-corridor movement was faster when artificial light was high and vegetative greenness was low. Developing a more mechanistic understanding of how species functionally use the landscape in relation to features of urbanization can enhance conservation by delineating areas important for connectivity and foraging, while providing insights into how future development and climate change may alter movement and behavior. Spatially-explicit estimates of functional uses can directly guide management decisions to maintain species resiliency and improve land-use planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000592/pdfft?md5=0493781417263e5fc3512eb2df12c910&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Carsten F. Dormann","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compendium of photopigment peak sensitivities and visual spectral response curves of terrestrial wildlife to guide design of outdoor nighttime lighting","authors":"Travis Longcore","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence and proportions of photopigments, which are responsible for the visual and physiological effects of light, vary between taxonomic groups. This leads to differing wavelength sensitivities ranging from ultraviolet (UV; &lt;400 nm) to infrared (IR; &gt;780 nm) and complicates the balancing of spectra used for outdoor lighting to maximize human visual performance while mitigating light pollution effects on wildlife. I developed a database of spectral response information for terrestrial wildlife to create generalized spectral response curves by taxonomic phylum, class, and order. Existing data on species visual sensitivity were collected from previously published research that used behavioral responses, electroretinograms (ERGs), and reflectance within the eye. Resulting summaries of photopigment peak sensitivities (n=968) and sensitivity curves (n=177) allow for general observations. Overall, longer wavelengths provide the highest possibility for supporting human visual performance at night while reducing intrusive overlap with the vision of other species, because many taxonomic groups are sensitive to light in the blue and into the ultraviolet. Comparison of average response curves at the class level and the spectral power distribution of lamps suggests that spectral tuning might reduce the apparency of the lowest correlated color temperature (CCT) lamps to insects, spiders, and non-human mammals the most, with substantial but smaller reductions for reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Spectral tuning, most simply by reducing CCT, should be considered an additional benefit to be used in concert with other mitigation measures such as dimming, shielding, and part-night lighting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000506/pdfft?md5=39a759f2a330207bab35347f84d4f440&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91991878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of cultivated and wild plant pollination in urban agroecosystems","authors":"Hien Nguyen ,&nbsp;Julia Marion Schmack ,&nbsp;Monika Egerer","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollination is a vital ecosystem service in urban agriculture. Yet the environmental drivers of both crop and wild plant pollination in urban agroecosystems are still not well understood. Pollination experiments involve the manipulation of pollen transfer between plants, for instance, to study the effects of pollinators on fruit and seed production (pollination service). In this study, we conducted a pollination exclusion experiment using four experimental plants: two cultivated plant species, strawberry (<em>Fragaria x ananassa)</em> and chili pepper (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em>), and two wild plant species, buttercup (<em>Ranunculus acris)</em> and clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em>). We placed experimental plants for over 20 days in 13 urban community gardens in Munich, Germany. We compared fruit and seed mass between “open” and “bagged” flowers and tested the effect of biotic factors (floral resources and pollinator diversity) and abiotic factors (urbanization, microclimate) on pollination service (fruit and seed mass) on the experimental plant species. For the two cultivated plants (<em>F. ananassa</em> and <em>C. frutescens)</em>, we found that fruit and seed mass were both positively correlated with temperature and pollinator diversity. For the two wild plants (<em>R. acris</em> and <em>T. pretense</em>), we found that floral abundance was negatively related to <em>R. acris</em> seed mass but was positively related to <em>T. pratense</em> seed mass. In summary, we found that biotic and abiotic parameters affected the plant species studied here in different ways, suggesting that there may be synergies and trade-offs in what factors promote the overall pollination of urban plant communities. Our results suggest that gardeners can potentially increase the pollination services on certain garden plants by providing floral resources for pollinating insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49714040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Wildlife Conflicts Management: Prevention and Problem Solving, 2nd ed., Russell F. Reidinger, Jr. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland (2022). 272 pp., ISBN 978-1421445250, US$89.00 (Hardcover)","authors":"Manisha Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Page 54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing evidence for the conservation of a rare forest butterfly: Results from a three-year capture-mark-recapture study","authors":"Heiko Hinneberg ,&nbsp;Ádám Kőrösi ,&nbsp;Thomas Gottschalk","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Species living in spatially structured populations require a network of interconnected habitat patches. Due to changes in forest management, this network of habitat patches has been lost for insect species inhabiting open spots within forests. We studied two of the last populations of the Southern White Admiral (<em>Limenitis reducta</em>) in Germany. The aim of our study was to provide information for the conservation of this species. We conducted a capture-mark-recapture study over three consecutive years and we estimated population sizes and demographic parameters using Jolly-Seber and Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Furthermore, we used different dispersal kernels to study the dispersal of <em>L. reducta</em>. We found that apparent survival rates differed greatly between the sexes. The mean residence times were eight to nine days for males and only two to four days for females. Apparent survival rates of both sexes decreased with increasing wing deterioration. Total population sizes of <em>L. reducta</em> varied between sites and years and ranged between 61 and 123. Daily abundances were generally low, especially that of females. The mean dispersal distance of individual recaptured butterflies increased in years with higher population densities, suggesting density-dependent dispersal. The dispersal data in our study was clearly bimodal, probably reflecting ‘routine movement’ at short distances and ‘displacement movement’ between habitat patches at longer distances. Consequently, the processes generating the dispersal data were better represented by the lognormal mixture model than by the negative exponential and the inverse power function. The mixed kernel predicted that about 9 % of the population disperses over &gt; 1 km but that long-distance dispersal is rare. Our study highlights the urgent need for conservation measures to protect <em>L. reducta</em> in Germany and, based on our data, we recommend to create new habitat patches at distances of 1 to 1.5 km from existing habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917912300049X/pdfft?md5=61b922b7b60e5f433bd5b6e724efd8cd&pid=1-s2.0-S143917912300049X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91991877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partitioning pollination services to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) between managed honeybees and wild bees","authors":"Ola Lundin","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal pollination of crops is an important ecosystem service provided especially by managed honeybees and wild bees, but the relative importance of these taxa for crop pollination remains debated. Faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em> L.) is a grain legume crop grown worldwide for food and feed which is partially dependent on insects for pollination. I determined the relative contribution of honeybees and wild bees to faba bean pollination. Visitation rates and foraging behaviours of pollinators were measured in a total of 20 faba bean fields over two years (10 fields per year) in Sweden, and the bean mass per flower visit for different pollinator taxa was quantified in a field experiment which was repeated over two years in a single site. By combining information on visitation rates, foraging behaviours and gains in bean mass from single visits to flowers, I estimate that 47% of insect pollination services to faba bean is delivered by honeybees, 40% by short-tongued bumblebees, 6% by long-tongued bumblebees and 8% by solitary bees. I conclude that both managed honeybees and wild bees, especially short-tongued bumblebees, contribute substantially to faba bean pollination in Sweden, and I recommend faba bean farmers to manage for both these pollinator taxa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}