Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Better red than dead: Plasticine moths are attacked less under HPS streetlights than LEDs","authors":"Brett Seymoure ,&nbsp;Tessa Parrish ,&nbsp;Kaley Egan ,&nbsp;Malcolm Furr ,&nbsp;Danny Irwin ,&nbsp;Cassie Brown ,&nbsp;Morgan Crump ,&nbsp;Jeremy White ,&nbsp;Kevin Crooks ,&nbsp;Lisa Angeloni","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anthropogenic light at night is growing exponentially while many insect populations are in decline. Many nocturnal insects provide numerous ecosystem services and are attracted to anthropogenic lights at night resulting in decreased fitness, greater mortality and population declines. During twilight and night, moths are depredated by bats and birds, both of which use vision, among other strategies, to detect and prey upon moths. The visual detection of moths by predators is dependent upon the light environment illuminating the moth's body. Effects of anthropogenic light at night can differ drastically with the color (spectral composition) and intensity of light. Currently, high pressure sodium lamps (HPS) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) are common municipal light sources, and these lights differ spectrally, thus altering the visual scene. Most LEDs are broadband (i.e., white) whereas HPS are long wavelength dominant (i.e., amber); both of these light types can alter color perception of prey. To test if moths are more likely to survive under HPS lighting than LEDs and non-lit poles, we used plasticine clay models. Visual model analyses reveal that HPS lamps rendered moths more cryptic against their background than LEDs or ambient urban lighting, albeit with small differences in contrast that may not be biologically relevant. These results indicate that HPS lighting is the most insect-friendly lighting when considering depredation on insects in comparison to LED.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000713/pdfft?md5=27efbfe329841d11b59acb8c2271e337&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000713-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant functional composition as an effective surrogate for biodiversity conservation","authors":"Ji-Zhong Wan ,&nbsp;Loïc Pellissier ,&nbsp;Chun-Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Fei-Hai Yu ,&nbsp;Mai-He Li","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In biodiversity conservation frameworks, determining surrogates for biodiversity is crucial for improving the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation and management. As plant functional composition can indicate variations in ecosystem functions and services, it could be used as an effective surrogate in biodiversity conservation planning. However, to the best of our knowledge, this metric has been rarely used in biodiversity conservation planning. To explore whether plant functional composition can be used as an effective surrogate for biodiversity conservation, we used a linear mixed regression model to investigate the relationships between plant functional composition (i.e., community-weighted means (CWMs) from the sPlot database) and the species richness of birds, mammals, and amphibians, and between plant functional composition and terrestrial conservation priority ranks (considering biodiversity conservation alone, or biodiversity, carbon, and water conservation together). Thereafter, we quantified the changing trends in these relationships across biomes using the least square method. We found that CWMs significantly affected species richness and terrestrial conservation priority ranks, based on the marginal R² and conditional R² values from the linear mixed regression model. Further, CWMs significantly affected species richness and terrestrial conservation priority ranks across different biomes of forests and shrublands. However, the nature of these effects (i.e., positive or negative) was dependent on biome type. These results suggest that functional composition can be considered as a biodiversity surrogate for conservation planning, and that biome-specific relationships should be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000683/pdfft?md5=2c240afa5bba86f989d64a1b38e9cd89&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000683-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-additive effects of multiple predators alter the biological control of the coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella)","authors":"Iris Saraeny Rivera-Salinas ,&nbsp;Amarilys D. Irizarry ,&nbsp;Koralis Reyes-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Ivette Perfecto","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although most prey are attacked by multiple predators, much of the ecological theory on prey suppression focuses on the effects of a single predator. The presence of multiple predators can lead to complex interactions such as trait-mediated interactions (TMIIs) and intraguild predation which can influence the suppression of pest populations. Here we explore the effect of two predators, a native anole lizard species <em>Anolis cristatellus</em> (Squamata: Dactyloidae) and a non-native ant species <em>Wasmannia auropunctata</em> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on the coffee leaf miner, <em>Leucoptera coffeella</em> (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) (CLM). In a laboratory experiment we examined the effects of these two predators in isolation and when co-occurring. Our results show that when each predator is alone, they are able to consume the CLM in a comparable way. However, when they are together, their effect is not greater than when alone. This indicates that there is a negative effect when both predators co-occur. The results from this experiment have practical implications since both predators are present in coffee agroecosystems in Puerto Rico, where the CLM is considered the main insect pest. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the potential dynamics among several predators in agroecosystems and the potential implications for herbivore regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000695/pdfft?md5=90cf265653a483e1e273104ce44b8660&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000695-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural intensification affects birds' trait diversity across Europe","authors":"Irene Guerrero ,&nbsp;Diana Duque ,&nbsp;Juan J. Oñate ,&nbsp;Tomas Pärt ,&nbsp;Jan Bengtsson ,&nbsp;Teja Tscharntke ,&nbsp;Jaan Liira ,&nbsp;Tsipe Aavik ,&nbsp;Mark Emmerson ,&nbsp;Frank Berendse ,&nbsp;Piotr Ceryngier ,&nbsp;Wolfgang W. Weisser ,&nbsp;Manuel B. Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agricultural intensification reduces the taxonomic diversity of bird communities, but its influence on functional diversity has been less studied. Here, we analyze the response of functional diversity of different cereal farmland bird communities across Europe to a gradient of agricultural intensification. We collected bibliographical information on life history traits (i.e. body mass, brain size, age of sexual maturity, clutch size, number of clutches, lifespan) of 30 species of birds recorded during field surveys in eight European countries. The index \"brood value\" was calculated to know each species’ level of reproductive investment per clutch. Intensification gradients at two spatial scales were obtained from field data through PCA, related to management practices at the field scale and the variation in structure and composition of farmland at the landscape scale respectively. We calculated the functional diversity index (FD) and the community-weighted mean (CWM) for each trait and sampling area, and linear mixed models in relation to the two intensification gradients were performed. Results showed that stronger intensification at the field level favors the assembly of shorter-lived communities and bird species with smaller relative brain sizes, also decreasing overall trait diversity. It also restricts the range of strategies for parental investment, reducing the functional diversity of the brood value index. More intensive field management would favor bird communities dominated by generalist and even introduced and/or managed hunting species, while putting at risk those farmland- and grassland-adapted species, typically more associated with the provision of ecosystem services. This highlights the relevance of field management (agrochemicals use, ploughing frequency) for the functional composition of bird communities and the conservation of farmland biodiversity. These findings add to existing knowledge on how species’ pace of life and cognitive capacity interact with drivers of global change, such as agricultural intensification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000701/pdfft?md5=5d2c7e196c370769a7a8e9221dca14ee&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000701-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing intraspecific diversity of wheat affects plant nutrient contents but not N recovery in the plant-soil system","authors":"Thomas Bécu ,&nbsp;Sébastien Barot ,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Lata ,&nbsp;Xavier Le Roux ,&nbsp;Jérôme Enjalbert ,&nbsp;Audrey Niboyet","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crop homogenization in conventional agriculture has been pervasive while ecology has shown positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, that arise from complementarity/facilitation and sampling/selection effects. These effects are well documented for interspecific diversity in both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems but remain less documented at an intraspecific level, particularly for the rates of nutrient uptake by plants and nutrient losses from ecosystems. We conducted a field experiment with 88 experimental plots cultivated with 1, 2, 4 or 8 wheat varieties and 1, 2, 3 or 4 functional groups to assess the effects of the number of varietal and functional diversity of winter wheat on plant biomass production, plant nutrient contents (N, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, Na and Zn) and fertilizer N recovery in the plant-soil system using a ¹⁵N labeling method. We found both negative and positive effects of the number of varieties or number of functional groups on shoot Cu, Fe, Zn, Na and P contents, but no significant effects of intraspecific diversity on biomass production, N content and ¹⁵N recovery in the plant-soil system. Our results show differential responses to an increase of intraspecific diversity of wheat on the contents of several essential nutrients in plants and highlight the need to jointly analyze multiple nutrients. Our study also suggests that increasing intraspecific diversity had no overall negative effects on biomass production or N content. Using knowledge on variety functional traits to target specific complementarity mechanisms when designing variety mixtures could thus lead to a positive effect on nutrient absorption and biomass production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000671/pdfft?md5=bfdf2c3032450f5ed3fca83cca9e720b&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000671-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138480625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon application enhances wheat defence against Sitobion avenae F. by regulating plant physiological-biochemical responses","authors":"Xiuxiu Qi ,&nbsp;Xia Xue ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Wang ,&nbsp;Shaojian Li ,&nbsp;Zelong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanlai Han ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Sitobion avenae</em> F. is a highly prevalent and devastating pest in wheat crops, leading to significant yield losses. Silicon (Si) has been widely recognized as an effective inducer of plant resistance against aphids. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms governing the physiological and biochemical responses of plants induced by Si defense against <em>S. avenae</em> F. remain incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted experiments by treating wheat leaves with varying concentrations of Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) spray under aphid infestation. We meticulously observed and recorded the life cycle of <em>S. avenae</em> F. and measured the content of plant hormones, secondary metabolites, and the activity of defense enzymes in wheat leaves. Furthermore, we utilized structural equation modeling to discern the causal correlation between aphid performance and the physiological-biochemical responses of wheat under TEOS sprays. Our findings revealed that a concentration of 3 mmol/L TEOS significantly shortened the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate and finite rate of increase, and mean generation time of <em>S. avenae</em> F., while simultaneously prolonging the population doubling time. Additionally, the content of lignin, total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid in wheat leaves exhibited a substantial increase. Furthermore, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase, and lipoxygenase in wheat leaves was significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that TEOS spray reduced the survival and population growth of <em>S. avenae</em> F. while enhancing the defense response of wheat against aphids by activating the activity of PAL and PPO in wheat, and increasing the content of total phenolic and JA. This work provides valuable insights for the development of appropriate Si fertilizers for effective pest management and offers robust theoretical support for wheat aphid control through agricultural fertilization strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143917912300066X/pdfft?md5=ed8e46d7f6a2575e1ea3016befa9e56c&pid=1-s2.0-S143917912300066X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial light at night alters predation on colour-polymorphic camouflaged prey","authors":"Emma Moyse ,&nbsp;Louise B. Firth ,&nbsp;Tim Smyth ,&nbsp;Svenja Tidau ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts biological processes across taxa and at all levels of organisation. Despite growing interest in this globally pervasive sensory pollutant, its impact on colour-guided processes remains largely unexplored. This is especially concerning given the rapid transition in recent years away from narrow-spectrum lighting and towards broad-spectrum options such as white LEDs, which are rich in the short wavelengths of light to which many taxa are particularly sensitive. Camouflage is particularly likely to be disrupted by broader spectra of ALAN due to changes in conspicuousness in background matching prey, which may alter prey recognition in visually guided predators. We simulated natural intensities of moonlight with and without ALAN, using both broad-spectrum (‘white’) ALAN and ALAN filtered to remove the characteristic short (blue) wavelength peak of broad-spectrum LEDs to test whether filtering might mitigate their effects. We tested how exposure to these light treatments impacted predator-prey interactions, using the intertidal crab <em>Carcinus maenas</em> and contrasting colour morphs of the colour-polymorphic snail <em>Littorina obtusata</em> as a model system. Exposure to broad-spectrum ALAN reduced overall predation and reversed the pattern of colour-based prey selection observed under control conditions. Snails were 55 % less likely to be attacked under broad-spectrum ALAN than in control conditions, with likelihood decreasing over 70 % for yellow snails. Yellow snails were over 26 % more likely to be attacked than brown ones under control conditions, but brown snails were over 40 % more likely to be attacked than yellow ones under broad-spectrum ALAN. Exposure to filtered ALAN removed any significant colour-based difference in prey recognition. Our results demonstrate that spectral composition is a crucial aspect of ALAN as a sensory pollutant, capable of instigating profound changes in predator-prey interactions that could drive changes in population demography and increase morphological homogeneity in species that depend on colour polymorphism for camouflage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000646/pdfft?md5=3baf41ff759b160386bccbc95795a187&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000646-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light pollution from illuminated bridges as a potential barrier for migrating fish–Linking measurements with a proposal for a conceptual model","authors":"Catherine Pérez Vega ,&nbsp;Andreas Jechow ,&nbsp;James A. Campbell ,&nbsp;Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska ,&nbsp;Franz Hölker","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Illuminated bridges have become important assets to navigable aquatic systems. However, if artificial light at night (ALAN) from illuminated bridges reaches aquatic habitats, such as rivers, it can threaten the river's natural heterogeneity and alter the behavioural responses of migratory fish. Here, via a pilot study, we quantified levels of ALAN at illuminated bridges that cross a river and, propose a conceptual model to estimate its potential implications on two migrating fish species with contrasting life histories. Night-time light measurements on the river Spree in Berlin were performed continuously along a transect and in detail at seven illuminated bridges. Photometric data of the pilot study showed rapidly increased and decreased light levels at several illuminated bridges from which we derived several model illumination scenarios. These illumination scenarios and their potential effect on migrating Atlantic salmon smolts (<em>Salmo salar</em>) and European silver eel (<em>Anguilla anguilla</em>) are presented as a conceptual model, considering illuminated bridges as behavioural barriers to fish migration. ALAN's adverse effects on freshwater habitats must be better researched, understood, managed, and properly communicated to develop future sustainable lighting practices and policies that preserve riverscapes and their biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000658/pdfft?md5=a46b89383fde66bf686cb9f2907c9de6&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000658-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexity of cacao production systems affects terrestrial ant assemblages","authors":"Chloé Durot ,&nbsp;Miguel Limachi ,&nbsp;Kazuya Naoki ,&nbsp;Marc Cotter ,&nbsp;Natacha Bodenhausen ,&nbsp;Luis Marconi ,&nbsp;Laura Armengot","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the rapid changes in tropical agricultural production, the evaluation of different management practices has gained interest to determine the effects of land-use change on biodiversity. The conversion of forests into agricultural land is one of the main drivers of diversity loss. Agroforestry systems have been shown as a promising option to provide suitable yields in addition to conserving biodiversity. In this study we compared species richness and community composition of terrestrial ants in six different systems in a long-term experimental site established in 2009 in Bolivia: a full-sun monoculture and an agroforestry system under conventional management, a full-sun monoculture and an agroforestry system under organic management, a highly diverse and dense agroforestry system without external inputs and a secondary forest. Using pitfall traps, we sampled ants four times during a seven-year period (2015-2021). We collected a total of 85 ant species belonging to 6 sub-families and 41 genera. More than 80% of the species were recorded in less than 10% of the traps. Species richness did not significantly differ between the systems. However, species composition mainly differed between the fallow and the production systems, and within the latter, it followed the management intensity gradient, i.e., complex agroforestry, agroforestry and monocultures. The indicator species analysis clearly showed species exclusively associated with one or more production systems, whereas others were only associated with the secondary forest. Species with specialised trophic roles were more frequent in forest and agroforestry systems. Our results showed that the disturbance generated by cultivation was the main driver differentiating ant communities, but also reinforced the importance of the complexity and management intensity of the production system. These results have strong implications for landscape management and highlights the importance of preserving natural patches of forest but also diverse and complex agroforestry systems within the agricultural matrix for ant diversity conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000634/pdfft?md5=63d02bd1c08d1aea57c7a2dd25a3c2dd&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000634-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of shrubland and local agroecological practices for pumpkin production in sub-Saharan smallholdings","authors":"Cassandra Vogel ,&nbsp;Tapiwa Mkandawire ,&nbsp;Mwapi Mkandawire ,&nbsp;Georg Küstner ,&nbsp;Laifolo Dakishoni ,&nbsp;Rachel Bezner Kerr ,&nbsp;Aaron Iverson ,&nbsp;Katja Poveda ,&nbsp;Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Land-use and local field management affect pollinators, pest damage and ultimately crop yields. Agroecology is implemented as a sustainable alternative to conventional agricultural practices, but little is known about its potential for pollination and pest management. Sub-Saharan Africa is underrepresented in studies investigating the relative importance of pests and pollinators for crop productivity and how this might be influenced by surrounding landscapes or agroecological practices. In Malawi, we selected 24 smallholder farms differing in landscape-scale shrubland cover, implementation of manual pest removal as an indicator of an agroecological pest management practice, and the number of agroecological soil practices employed at the household level, such as mulching, intercropping and soil conservation tillage. We established pumpkin plots and assessed the abundance and richness of flower visitors and damage of flowers (florivory) caused by pest herbivores on flowers. Using a full-factorial hand pollination and exclusion experiment on each plot, we investigated the relative contribution of pollination and florivory to pumpkin yield. Increasing shrubland cover decreased honeybee abundance but increased the abundance and richness of non-honeybee visitors. Manual removal of herbivores considered to be pests reduced flower visitors, whereas more agroecological soil management practices increased flower visitors. Neither shrubland cover nor agroecological management affected florivory. Pollinator limitation, but not florivory, constrained pumpkin fruit set, and increasing visitor richness decreased the relative differences between hand- and animal-pollinated flowers. We recommend improved protection of shrubland habitats and increasing agroecological soil practices to promote pollinator richness on smallholder farms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179123000622/pdfft?md5=5d02febdeed731edc90e97efe55eede4&pid=1-s2.0-S1439179123000622-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}