Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"On the natural history of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in children and adolescents.","authors":"Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1810624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1810624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which are the options and dosages for clobazam shortages on epilepsy treatment? Review of literature and survey of specialists.","authors":"Lécio Figueira Pinto, Guilherme Simone Mendonça, Carlos Alberto Mantovani Guerreiro","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clobazam (CLB) has been an established treatment for epilepsy since the 1970s, with a broad spectrum. It is frequently used as add on therapy for refractory patients. Furthermore, it is different from classic benzodiazepines (BZD) for containing nitrogen atoms in 1 and 5 positions of B ring (other are 1.4-BZD). This explains why CLB has a better tolerability and a lower chance of causing sedation, being an excellent option for epilepsy treatment compared with other BZDs. Evidence argues against the development of CLB tolerance in most patients. Antiseizure medication shortages have been reported by many countries, including the one studied here. Shortages make treatment harder, increase the need for extra clinical appointments, for orientation and medication changes, increase medication errors, decrease adherence, and cause insecurity. A literature review showed scarce evidence of alternatives, with a wide variation in dosage equivalence. A survey of specialists revealed that switch appropriateness was deemed inadequate by the majority, due to risk of seizure worsening and side effects. Clonazepam and nitrazepam were the most used BZDs, but there was great variation for clonazepam dosages (0.25-2 mg, commonly 1 per 10 mg of CLB). Better consensus was obtained for nitrazepam (5 per 10 mg of CLB). Gradual tapering of CLB, with concomitant increase of clonazepam or nitrazepam under close supervision, is advised. It is important to assess tolerability and the need for increased dosage. As CLB is an essential tool in the epilepsy armamentarium, shortages pose great risk to the patients. Governments and society must create mechanisms to prevent shortages of critical and unique medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A needs assessment of palliative care education in neurology residency programs in Brazil.","authors":"Maiara Silva Tramonte, Ana Claudia Pires Carvalho, Mariana Soares Pinheiro, Camila Galvão Lopes, Luciana Oliveira Neves, Laura Cardia Gomes Lopes","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of integrating palliative care (PC) competencies into the management of neurological diseases is increasingly acknowledged. The National Medical Residency Program Commission (NMRPC) mandates the inclusion of PC in the curricula of neurology residency programs (NRPs).To evaluate the implementation of PC training in NRPs across Brazil and to identify barriers to its effective integration.We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous online survey distributed to all NRP directors in Brazil through the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (BAN). The survey, approved by the institutional ethics committee, comprised 19 questions assessing PC training in NRPs. The responses were analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp.) software, version 26.0.The survey achieved a 32% (29 programs) response rate. Of the respondents, 82.8% (24 programs) reported the presence of an institutional PC team, and 75.9% (22 programs) incorporated PC training into their programs. However, only 1 neurology faculty member had formal PC training, and 37% of the directors expressed dissatisfaction with the quality of PC education. Key barriers included limited faculty availability (72.4%), lack of PC expertise (69%), and insufficient teaching time (58.6%).Palliative care training in Brazilian NRPs lacks consistency and systematic implementation. There is an urgent need for enhanced faculty training and strategic interventions to address structural and curricular barriers to improve PC education.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain health: a new concept to the neurologist - an initiative of the Lifestyle Medicine Commission of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology.","authors":"Luis Daniel Silva Pilatti, Conrado Regis Borges, Samira Luisa Apóstolos-Pereira, Marcelo Rezende Young Blood, Raphael Machado Castilhos, Brenda Leticia Lopes Batista, Fabiano Moulin de Moraes, Marcos Christiano Lange","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811234","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain health is an emerging concept that is gaining international attention. It encompasses cognitive, sensory, social-emotional, behavioral, and motor functions that enable people to reach their maximum potential throughout all stages of life. With substantial preventable components, neurological diseases-including stroke and dementia-are the second largest cause of death worldwide and of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Studies continue to underscore the impact of environmental factors, social connections, lifestyle choices, and cardiovascular health on brain health outcomes. Major programs like the Intersectoral Global Action Plan (IGAP) on epilepsy and other neurological disorders of the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (now Life's Essential 8), and national policies in Uruguay, Switzerland, and Norway emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary care and early prevention. At the community level, programs such as the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and its global variants emphasize the value of multifactorial interventions suited to the prevalence of social determinants among each population. It is crucial to encourage the incorporation of brain health into professional training, policy development, and public health frameworks. Despite improvements in stroke prevention, Brazil still has gaps in the research and promotion of brain health. To meet the global objectives for brain health, it is imperative to consistently invest in interdisciplinary research, public education, and equitable access to care in order to promote healthier aging and a better quality of life. The present review examines the various aspects of brain health determinants and offers neurologists and other medical professionals the most recent information by emphasizing prevention strategies, early childhood care, and holistic approaches that go beyond disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chessboard stroke attributed to intracranial atherosclerosis.","authors":"Raul Medina-Rioja, Juan Carlos Lopez-Hernandez, Enrique Piña-Rosales, Brenda Dzul-García, Andres Mercado-Pompa","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809406","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of natural disease progression in Brazilian children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.","authors":"Bruno Alvarenga Soares, Camila Fernanda de Freitas, Juliana Cardoso, Cyntia Rogean de Jesus Alves de Baptista, Wilson Marques, Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a progressive neurological disorder that typically manifests in early childhood. The natural progression of CMT in Brazilian pediatric and adolescent populations remains unknown.To evaluate the natural disease progression in Brazilian children and adolescents with CMT using the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS).A longitudinal observational study was conducted to assess disease progression over a 2-year period through 3 evaluations, spaced 1 year apart, in children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years with a confirmed CMT diagnosis. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass, and functionality (assessed via the CMTPedS) were evaluated in each of the three sessions.We included 30 participants of both sexes with a mean age of 11.1 ± 3.2 years. Significant increases in height, weight, and BMI were observed, alongside a decline in the percentage of lean body mass across evaluations. The total score on the CMTPedS increased by 4.5 points throughout 2 years, indicating disease progression, with notable deterioration in functional dexterity, pinprick and vibration sensations, and gait. Significant progression was evident within 1 year, with an average annual deterioration of 2.25 points. The subgroup with CMT type 1A (CMT1A) presented an increase of 4 points in the total score, corresponding to an average annual progression of 2 points. Unlike the overall CMT group, the CMT1 subgroup did not exhibit a decline in the pinprick sensation score.Children and adolescents with CMT exhibit significant disease progression within 2 years, with measurable deterioration observed as early as 1 year. The CMTPedS is a reliable tool to monitor CMT progression in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless legs syndrome and its association with lower extremity adipose tissue thickness: a novel perspective.","authors":"Elif Sarica Darol, Dilcan Kotan","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs often linked to risk factors such as female gender and obesity.To explore the correlation between lower extremity subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (ATT) and RLS, regardless of body mass index (BMI).A total of 212 RLS patients and 92 controls were included in this study. The ATT measurements were obtained using a caliper at the midcalf and knee regions and compared between groups. Data analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics For Windows (IBM Corp.) software, version 23.0, with multiple logistic regression modeling employed. Values of <i>p</i> < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.The BMI and ATT were significantly higher in female patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Notably, patients experienced substantial weight gain in the second decade of symptom onset. Midcalf ATT was significantly lower in RLS patients than controls (<i>p</i> < 0.0005). The likelihood of RLS increased 1.107 times with each unit decrease in midcalf ATT, 1.051 times per increase in year of age, 1.015 times per unit decrease in ferritin level, and 1.072 times per unit decrease in the vitamin D level.The present study suggests a potential role of leg subcutaneous adipose tissue in RLS pathophysiology, regardless of BMI; it may influence RLS symptoms, offering a novel perspective on its etiology. Further research is warranted to validate these observations and investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiology of the cerebellum and clinical correlations: a review.","authors":"Walderico Silva Machado Filho, Alberto Rolim Muro Martinez, Marcondes Cavalcante França Junior","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum is a complex structure tightly connected to the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. It plays an important role in movement coordination and motor planning. Lately, it has been also recognized as a key component in cognitive circuits. The specific motor functions of the cerebellum include the control of the initiation, execution, and velocity of movements, as well as the maintenance of balance, motor coordination, and muscle tonus. Cerebellar lesions typically result in ataxia but can also lead to other manifestations, such as abnormal eye movements, severe vertigo, or impaired motor learning. Additionally, the cerebellum plays a key role in cognitive processes, with dysfunction leading to conditions such as the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). Functional distinctions are evident between the cerebellar vermis, hemispheres, and flocculonodular lobe, each contributing to different motor and cognitive domains. In the current review, we address the current understanding of cerebellar anatomy and physiology, highlighting the most relevant correlations between lesion location and clinical symptomatology for practicing neurologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lively contributions: 156 years after the death of Jan Evangelista Purkyně.","authors":"Catarina Dantas Corrêa, Camila Emi Fujiwara Murakami, Isabelle Pastor Bandeira, Carlos Roberto M Rieder, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809402","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jan Evangelista Purkyně, born on December 17, 1787, in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic), was a prominent scientist renowned for his discoveries in eye, brain, and heart physiology. To honor him 156 years after his death, the present article explores Purkyně's history, from the struggles of his youth to the main legacies he left in medicine, especially neurology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden burden of lysosomal dysfunction: visual decline and microphthalmia in Hunter syndrome.","authors":"Mateen Sheikh, Ibrahim Thein, Kevin J Abrams, Leonardo Furtado Freitas","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809405","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"83 7","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}