Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Age, but not education, affects social decision-making in the ultimatum game paradigm.","authors":"Luciana Cassimiro, Mario Amore Cecchini, Gabriela Cabett Cipolli, Mônica Sanches Yassuda","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Social decision-making (SDM) is often studied through gaming paradigms, in which participants allocate resources among themselves and others based on predefined rules. In an adapted version of the ultimatum game (UG), SDM behavior was modulated in response to the degree of fairness of monetary offers and the social context of opponents, designed to generate either prosocial or punishing behaviors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> To investigate whether SDM evaluated by the UG is affected by age and schooling, as it is relevant to know whether sociodemographic variables may bias UG results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> A total of 131 healthy adults participated: 35 young university students and 96 participants in Universidade de São Paulo's USP 60+ program (formerly known as Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, a program for people aged ≥ 60 years to attend university). The sample was divided into 3 age groups (17-22, 60-69, and 70-79 years) and 3 schooling groups (4-8, 9-11, and ≥ 12 years of schooling).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Age and schooling did not affect performance in fair monetary offers. Differences were observed in the unfair conditions. The oldest group (70-79 years) accepted less frequently the baseline unfair offers (without social context), when compared with the 17-22 and the 60-69 years groups (17-22 = 60-69 > 70-79). Regarding the prosocial unfair and punishing unfair conditions, older adults accepted such offers more frequently (17-22 < 60-69 = 70-79). Schooling effects were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> In the context of SDM, older adults may show prosocial behaviors more frequently than younger adults. The findings suggest performance in the UG is affected by age, but not by schooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between thrombophilic disorders and brain white matter lesions in migraine with aura.","authors":"Fatma Yılmaz Can","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787762","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Migraine is associated with several genetic or acquired comorbidities. Studies conducted in recent years emphasize that the frequency of thrombophilia is high in migraine, especially migraine with aura (MA). Similarly, the presence of white matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans has been associated with migraine for many years.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> Based on the knowledge that both WMLs and thrombophilia variants are frequently observed in MA, we aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between genetic thrombophilia and the presence of WMLs in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> The levels of proteins S and C, antithrombin III activities, activated protein C (APC) resistance, antiphospholipid immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) and anticardiolipin IgG/IgM antibodies were investigated in 66 MA patients between the ages of 18 and 49 years who presented no cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of WMLs and the Fazekas grade was determined from the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans' T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence taken from the patients. The rates of WMLs were compared in patients with and without thrombophilia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Thrombophilia was detected in 34.8% of the patients, and 27.3% were determined to have WMLs in brain MRI scans. The WMLs were detected in 23.3% of the patients without thrombophilia, in 34.8% of those with thrombophilia, and in 50% of the subjects with multiple thrombophilia disorders. Among the thrombophilia disorders, only APC resistance was significantly more common in patients with WMLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> The results of the present study showed that thrombophilia may be a mechanism that should be investigated in the etiology of increased WMLs in MA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes in neurocysticercosis.","authors":"Sofia S Sanchez-Boluarte, Danny M Barrientos-Iman, Jorge Ramirez-Quiñones, Javier Bustos, Rosa Ecos, Isidro Gonzales, Herbert Saavedra, Hector H Garcia","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788584","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Arteritis is a complication of neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is not well known and could trigger strokes. The transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a noninvasive method for detecting, staging, and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the utility of TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes, suggesting vasculitis associated with NCC remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> To evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes using TCD in patients with subarachnoid and parenchymal NCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> There were 53 patients with NCC evaluated at a reference hospital for neurological diseases included (29 with subarachnoid and 24 with parenchymal). Participants underwent a clinical interview and serology for cysticercosis and underwent TCD performed within 2 weeks of enrollment. Mean flow velocity, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and pulsatility index were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Among the participants, there were 23 (43.4%) women, with a median age of 37 years (IQR: 29-48). Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggesting vasculitis were detected in 12 patients (22.64%); the most compromised vessel was the middle cerebral artery in 11 (91.67%) patients. There were more females in the group with sonographic signs of vasculitis (10/12, 83.33% vs. 13/41, 31.71%; <i>p</i> = 0.002), and this was more frequent in the subarachnoid NCC group (9/29, 31.03% vs. 3/24, 12.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.187), although this difference did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Cerebral hemodynamic changes suggestive of vasculitis are frequent in patients with NCC and can be evaluated using TCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological profile in tuberous sclerosis complex: a study of clinical and cognitive variables in a cohort from Brazil.","authors":"Laís Faria Masulk Cardozo, Mariana Richartz Schwind, Ana Paula Almeida de Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Dufner-Almeida, Luciana Amaral Haddad, Isac Bruck, Sérgio Antonio Antoniuk","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787797","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide clinical, cognitive, and behavioral expressivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> To assess the neuropsychological profile of individuals clinically diagnosed with TSC and the factors that could significantly impact their cognitive development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> A total of 62 individuals with ages ranging from 3 to 38 years were followed up in a tertiary attention hospital in Southern Brazil, and they were assessed using a standard battery and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, when intellectual disability was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> History of epilepsy was found in 56 participants (90.3%), and 31 (50%) presented an intellectual disability. Among the other half of TSC individuals without intellectual disability, 8 (12.9%) presented borderline classification, 20 (32.2%) presented average scores, and 3 (4.8%) were above average. In total, 17 participants (27.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis suggested that seizures, age at diagnosis, visual perception, and general attention significantly impact cognitive performance indexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> The present study suggests that the occurrence of epileptic seizures and older age at diagnosis contribute to higher impairment in the domains of cognitive development, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and the prevention of epileptic seizures or their rapid control. The development of attentional skills, visual perception, and executive functions must be followed up.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: a multilayered approach to a serious disorder of inattention to the future.","authors":"André Palmini","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791513","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1791513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects people of all ages, yet its presentation varies as the person matures and social demands increase from childhood into adulthood. Interestingly, when analyzing the disorder in adults, it is not immediately clear what the 'attention deficit' in the ADHD denomination exactly means. Adults with ADHD have a broad range of difficulties, far beyond an attentional deficit, that impact negatively their social functioning and often lead to failures in all walks of life. Therefore, in this review, I attempt to reconcile the notion of attention deficit with the protean manifestations of ADHD in adults through a proposal that ADHD symptoms have as a common denominator an <i>inattention to the future</i>. I build this construct through a multilayered approach, progressing from the epidemiological and clinical considerations for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnosis, to a deeper understanding of the disorder, discussing how these patients fail to anchor the present into the future (i.e., to be attentive to future consequences), thus failing to approximate future goals from present action. Integrating cognitive observations with imaging abnormalities, it is possible to propose that ADHD in adults is perhaps the most prevalent frontal lobe disorder in humans, ultimately impacting upon psychosocial management and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumefactive primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking a brain metastasis in a patient with kidney cancer.","authors":"Leonardo Furtado Freitas, Osorio Lopes Abath Neto, Joan E Maley, Nitesh Shekhrajka, Bruno A Policeni","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786762","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1786762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Ears of the lynx\" sign in hereditary spastic paraplegias is not always the same!","authors":"Victor Hugo Rocha Marussi, Bruno Della Ripa Rodrigues Assis, Fernando Freua","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788266","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodengue, a narrative review of the literature.","authors":"Abelardo Queiroz Campos Araujo, Marco Antonio Lima, Marcus Tulius Teixeira Silva","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787799","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue fever (DF) is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Deforestation, armed conflicts, and climate change have caused an unprecedented global spread of DF, raising concerns in healthcare systems worldwide. Systemic manifestations of the disease range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can lead to death. Although neurological complications have been reported over the last few decades, they are often neglected or underreported. The present narrative review aims to describe the most important central and peripheral nervous system complications and provide guidance to neurologists in terms of diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional-based static and dynamic alterations in Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Kuppe Channappa Usha, Honnenahally Ningappa Suma, Abhishek Appaji","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Alzheimer disease (AD) leads to cognitive decline and alters functional connectivity (FC) in key brain regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assesses these changes using static-FC for overall correlation and dynamic-FC for temporal variability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong> In AD, there is altered FC compared to normal conditions. The present study investigates possible region-specific functional abnormalities occurring longitudinally over 1 year. Our aim is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the static and dynamic approaches in identifying biomarkers of AD progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> The study involved 15 AD and 20 healthy participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) database, tracked over 2 visits within 1 year. Using constrained-independent component analysis, we assessed FC changes across 80-regions of interest in AD over the year, examining both static and dynamic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The average regional FC decreased in AD compared to healthy subjects at baseline and after 1 year. The dynamic condition identifies similarities with a few additional changes in the FC compared to the static condition. In both analyses, the baseline assessment revealed reduced connectivity between the following regions: right-middle-occipital and left-superior-occipital, left-hippocampus and right-postcentral, left-lingual and left-fusiform, and precuneus and left-thalamus. Additionally, increased connectivity was found between the left-superior-occipital and precuneus regions. In the 1-year AD assessment, increased connectivity was noted between the right-superior-temporal-pole and right-insular, right-hippocampus and left-caudate, right-middle-occipital and right-superior-temporal-pole, and posterior-cingulate-cortex and middle-temporal-pole regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Significant changes were observed at baseline in the frontal, occipital, and core basal-ganglia regions, progressing towards the temporal lobe and subcortical regions in the following year. After 1 year, we observed the aforementioned region-specific neurological differences in AD, significantly aiding diagnosis and disease tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine with aura, thrombophilia, and the debate on white matter hyperintensities.","authors":"Raffaele Ornello, Federico De Santis, Matteo Foschi","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1790571","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1790571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8694,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria","volume":"82 7","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}