Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine最新文献

{"title":"The therapeutic potential of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> in colorectal cancer: An <i>in-vitro</i> study.","authors":"Ghazaleh Pourali, Mehrdad Moetamani-Ahmadi, Maryam Alaei, Hamid Fiuji, Alireza Fathi, Mina Maftooh, Majid Khazaei, Gordon A Ferns, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian, Amir Avan","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26108","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common causes of death. Thus, identification of innovative therapeutic agents to increase the efficacy of current treatments is needed. The activity of <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> Mill. (Z. <i>jujuba</i>) has been reported in several malignancies. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of Z. <i>jujuba</i> in CRC <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The anti-proliferative activity of extracted Z. <i>jujuba</i> (extracted via hydroalcoholic extraction method) was explored by MTT at 72 hr in CT-26 and SW-480 cells, while wound-healing assays was used to assess its anti-migratory effects t IC50 values of ~500 µg. The anti-tumor activity was investigated using a three-dimensional cell culture model, followed by RT-PCR after 72 hr, and LC/MSMS. Docking analysis was also performed to investigate the interactions between key Z. <i>jujube</i> compounds with target proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Z. <i>jujuba</i> suppressed cell proliferation and migration by the perturbation of CyclinD1/Survivin and E-cadherin/matrix metalloproteinase 9, respectively. Moreover, treatment of CRC cells with Z. <i>jujuba</i> was associated with a reduction in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Moreover, Z. <i>jujuba</i> increased pro-apoptotic factors caspas3 and caspase9.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Z. <i>jujuba</i> in CRC through anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating its potential value in the treatment of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycopene suppresses α-cypermethrin nephrotoxicity: An insight into its modulatory effect on oxidative stress-mediated pro-inflammation, DNA damage and caspase apoptosis in Wistar rats.","authors":"Nourah Almulhim, Manal Alfuwaire, Hany Elsawy, Azza Sedky","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26640","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cypermethrin (CPM) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide with ubiquitous use in agriculture, but well associated with nephrotoxicity induction. However, CPM exposure is linked with human and animal systemic toxicity. Lycopene (LYP) is a lipid-soluble potent antioxidant abundant in tomatoes. The investigation thus explored whether LYP could mitigate CPM-induced nephrotoxicity via related mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study design featured 4 groups: Control, LYP (10 mg/kg/day), CPM (25 mg/kg bw/day) and LYP (10 mg/kg bw/day) + CPM (25 mg/kg bw/day). The treatments of LYP and CPM were given for consecutive 28 days. Urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were estimated in serum, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels were estimated in the renal tissue sample. Histopathology and its amelioration were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sub-acute CPM exposure provoked renal damage with significantly elevated levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea. Renal antioxidant homeostasis was markedly impaired via depressed GPx, CAT, and SOD renal activities, and increased MDA level. Marked DNA damage and profound increases in the renal levels of caspase-9, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 were found, whereas the renal IL-4 and IL-10 levels were evidently reduced in comparison to the control. Interestingly, the LYP co-administration abrogated the CPM-induced oxidative stress, proinflammation, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that LYP supplementation may protect the kidney from oxidative stress-related attacks of CPM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"849-859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of silver-coated zinc oxide nanocomposite using the walnut green husk extract and assessment of its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.","authors":"Hossein Nematollahi, Taraneh Movahhed, Majid Darroudi, Hasan Rakhshandeh, Hadi Farsiani, Alieh Charmeh","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2026.27391","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2026.27391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to synthesize and characterize silver-coated zinc-oxide (ZnO/Ag) nanocomposite using green husk extract of Persian Walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) and evaluate its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this in vitro experimental study, five groups were tested: hydroethanolic green husk extract (group A), green-synthesized ZnO/Ag nanocomposite using the extract (group B), chemically synthesized ZnO/Ag nanocomposite (group C), 0.2% chlorhexidine (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). Antibacterial activity against <i>S. mutans</i> was assessed via agar-well diffusion (inhibition zone diameters) and broth microdilution (MIC and MBC). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Tests were performed in triplicate across serial dilutions, with data analyzed by ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A exhibited no inhibitory or bactericidal effect on <i>S. mutans</i>. Group B inhibited growth at 125 ppm, and group C at 31.25 ppm. Both groups B and C reduced <i>S. mutans</i> colony counts by approximately 3 logs (significant vs. group A) and showed minimal cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both green-synthesized and chemically synthesized ZnO/Ag nanocomposites displayed lower antibacterial activity than chlorhexidine (CHX) against <i>S. mutans</i>, along with lower cytotoxicity, yet achieved a significant reduction in bacterial colony count.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"957-971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effects of saffron and Mucosamin® spray on oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Fatemeh Zahra Shafiee, Elham Keykha, Hoda Abolhasani, Samira Hajisadeghi","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2026.27350","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2026.27350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mucositis is a common oral complication of the non-surgical therapy of cancer. Numerous studies have explored the pharmacological effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) in medicine. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of saffron extract to Mucosamin® on relieving radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on head and neck cancer patients who received radiotherapy treatment at the oncology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom. A total of 68 patients were divided into two groups of 34. In addition to standard treatment, the first group received six puffs of brewed saffron spray (100 mg) daily, and the second group received six puffs of Mucosamin® for 4 weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA, T-test, and Chi-square test were utilized to analyze pain intensity and mucositis grading. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average pain intensity and mucositis grade decreased in both groups (a total of 61 patients). At baseline, the average pain intensity for the saffron and Mucosamin® groups was 6.29 ± 1.61 and 6.70 ± 1.93. By the end of the study, these figures dropped to 3.61 ± 1.35 and 4.00 ± 1.23. Likewise, the average mucositis grade in the two groups was 2.87 ± 0.34 and 2.56 ± 0.50 at the baseline, decreasing to 2.70 ± 0.46 and 2.40 ± 0.49 at the end of the study, respectively. There was no significant difference in the reduction of mucositis grade (p = 0.246) or pain intensity (p = 0.38) between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The brewed saffron spray showed effectiveness comparable to Mucosamin® spray in reducing pain intensity and grading oral mucositis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"919-931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effects of <i>Spirulina</i> on acute lead acetate toxicity complications in male rats.","authors":"Mohammad Saroughi, Mohammad Taghi Khoshniat, Khateerh Kharazmi, Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari, Milad Bagheri, Majid Khazaei","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.27148","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.27148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lead toxicity, a global health concern, damages many organs. Spirulina is a blue-green algae which has vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant properties, may alleviate injury resulting from lead toxicity. This investigation aimed to determine the protective benefits of Spirulina on acute lead toxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 8: Control, lead toxicity group which received lead acetate (50 mg/kg/day, i.p), EDTA group which received lead acetate + EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 50 mg/kg/day, i.p) and Spirulina group received lead acetate + Spirulina (1000 mg/kg/day, oral gavage). After one week, blood samples were taken for serum liver enzymes, testosterone, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), and creatinine determination. Additionally, the livers, kidneys, and testes were dissected, weighed, and saved for evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant factors and histopathological studies. Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in liver, kidney and testis homogenates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that lead toxicity caused a reduction in the organ index, which was improved by EDTA and Spirulina treatment. Lead toxicity significantly increased serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), and creatinine, which were significantly reduced by Spirulina treatment. Histological studies indicated that treatment by EDTA and Spirulina improved histological changes in liver, kidney and testis organs. In addition, treatment with spirulina reduced MDA and increased SOD and catalase in liver and testis tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spirulina improved complications of lead toxicity by improving redox balance. These promising results suggest its potential as a protective agent, though further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"932-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> Boiss. extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against asthma in rats.","authors":"Najmeh Parvaz, Mahboubeh Mirhosseini, Saeideh Saadat, Fatemeh Amin, Leila Etemad","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26641","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders worldwide. <i>Zataria multiflora</i> Boiss., widely used in herbal medicine, shows potential efficacy against asthma. In this study, <i>Z. multiflora</i> was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to improve its therapeutic effectiveness against asthma in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-six rats were divided to 6 groups including control, asthma (sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA)), and asthmatic groups treated with dexamethasone, empty nano-chitosan, and 8 and 80 mg/kg nano <i>Z. multiflora</i> hydroalcoholic extract (Herbarium No: 35314, FUMH) through inhalation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, total white blood cells (WBC) counts, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IFN-γ to IL-4 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal responsiveness were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nano <i>Z. multiflora</i> treatment significantly reduced WBC count and levels of MDA and IL-4 compared to the asthma group. Also, the nano extract of <i>Z. multiflora</i> caused a protective effect on elevated tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The therapeutic efficacy of <i>Z. multiflora</i> can potentially be enhanced through targeted delivery using chitosan nanoparticles administered via inhalation in asthmatic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"798-810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of renal toxicity induced by paraquat using ferulic acid: Role of inflammatory pathways.","authors":"Ali Nouri, Maryam Ghorbani, Alireza Shahriary","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26035","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide, is recognized for its extreme toxicity and has been linked to numerous health concerns, particularly renal injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ferulic acid (FA) on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by PQ.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1 included healthy animals that received distilled water, group 2 received PQ (25 mg/kg, orally), group 3 received FA (100 mg/kg, orally) and group 4 received PQ plus FA. The study duration was 14 days and twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were anesthetized. Blood samples were taken from the heart and kidney tissue was removed. Oxidative stress markers and biochemical parameters were measured. Also, gene expression of inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), was assessed in kidney tissue using RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PQ administration increased plasma levels of biochemical parameters, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity, increased protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and renal tissues (p˂0.05). FA administration after exposure to PQ improved all mentioned biochemical and oxidative stress markers. PQ administration was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn, increased the migration of lymphocytes into the renal cells and FA treatment improved these effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that daily consumption of FA can serve as an effective strategy to protect the kidneys from damage caused by chemical agents such as PQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"15 6","pages":"1714-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between flavonoid intake and arterial stiffness: PERSIAN cohort study.","authors":"Sara Ghodrat, Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki, Reza Rezvani, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Seyyed Mostafa Arabi, Saeid Eslami, Mohammad Hassan Abolhassani, Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaee Jabali, Abdolreza Norouzy","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.25958","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.25958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the growing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), preventing them is considered one of the most critical global health goals. Evidence suggests that high flavonoid intake may reduce the risk of CVDs. Therefore, this study investigates the association between flavonoid intake and arterial stiffness as a predictor of CVDs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The PERSIAN cohort study in Mashhad data was used in this cross-sectional study. From data registered in the cohort center, 3423 men and women aged 35 to 70 years were recruited for this study. Total flavonoid intake and intakes of each flavonoid subclass were obtained through a food frequency questionnaire using the Phenol Explorer. Then, their association with blood pressure and arterial stiffness indices, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AIx), was assessed using univariate logistic regression, and confounding factors were adjusted by performing the multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that total flavonoid intake had a non-significant inverse relationship with high-risk levels of PWV and AIx (OR (95% CI) for the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile were 0.83 (0.65-1.06) and 0.95 (0.74-1.21), respectively). Also, no significant association was detected between intake of each flavonoid subclass and high-risk levels of blood pressure or arterial stiffness indices including PWV and AIx.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that total flavonoid and each flavonoid subclass had no significant association with high-risk arterial stiffness or blood pressure levels. More studies on flavonoids' impact on arterial stiffness are needed for a definite conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"15 6","pages":"1571-1583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of <i>Cassia fistula</i> on constipation in chronic kidney disease patients in comparison with lactulose: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Iman Jahanian, Roghayeh Akbari, Hoda Shirafkan, Maedeh Rezghi, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26012","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic constipation (CC) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Cassia fistula</i> syrup (CFS) on CC in CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was conducted on CKD patients with CC referred to nephrology clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2022-23.They were examined by a nephrologist and 66 patients were randomly allocated into two groups, receiving CFS or lactulose, with the same dosage (30 ml/day) for 2 weeks. Patients were visited in the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd weeks to evaluate clinical characteristics according to ROME IV criteria, quality of life (PAC-QOL), and laboratory factor levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS25 using intention to treat viewpoint and by applying the ANCOVA, Repeated measure analysis, T-test and Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the CFS group, defecation frequency per week and daily (primary outcome) improved significantly compared to the lactulose group (p-Value=0.01).As secondary outcomes, the percent of straining, lumpy stools and stool hardness in the CFS group was significantly better than the lactulose (p <0.05). In the CFS group, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p-Value=0.045) and creatinine (Cr) (p =0.01) decreased after the intervention significantly. PAC-QOL showed significant improvements in subscales and total scores in the CFS group compared to the lactulose group (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first trial that evaluated CFS on CC in CKD patients, and monitored the changes in laboratory factors levels. CFS demonstrates greater efficacy than lactulose in managing CC among CKD patients. PAC-QOL was greatly better in CFS group rather than lactulose group.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"15 6","pages":"1662-1676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of rutin on contrast-induced nephropathy in rats.","authors":"Faezeh Esparham, Fatemeh Rajabian, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Abolfazl Khajavi Rad, Sakineh Amoueian, Hossein Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.25936","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.25936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common cause of acute kidney injury, and oxidative stress plays an important role in its development. The flavonoid rutin is of interest for its potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of rutin against contrast-induced renal toxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight groups of male Wistar rats (n=6 in each group) were designed: (1) Sham, (2) Premedication-control (N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg, i.p.)+indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.)), (3) Contrast medium (L-NAME+indomethacin+diatrizoate (12.5 ml/kg, i.p)), (4-6) Rutin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 7 days)+L-NAME+indomethacin+ diatrizoate, (7) N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 125 mg/kg, i.p.), L-NAME+indomethacin+diatrizoate, and (8) Rutin-alone (100 mg/kg). All study groups except for the sham and rutin-alone were subjected to 48 hr of water deprivation. On day 8, blood and kidney samples were isolated to evaluate oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were raised by diatrizoate, while glutathione (GSH) levels in renal tissue were reduced. Rutin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) improved biochemical parameters and oxidative stress. Diatrizoate also resulted in interstitial edema, medullary congestion, proteinaceous casts, and severe tubular necrosis in kidney tissue. Rutin (100 mg/kg) reduced tubular necrosis and interstitial edema but had no significant effect on the formation of medullary congestion and proteinaceous casts in renal tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oxidative stress triggered by contrast-induced nephropathy is caused by a rise in MDA and a decline in GSH amounts. Rutin protects kidney tissue against contrast-induced damage through its antioxidant effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"15 6","pages":"1726-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}