Autoimmunity reviews最新文献

{"title":"The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney injury and disease","authors":"Xueqian Jia ,&nbsp;Lifu Zhu ,&nbsp;Qixing Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitochondria are the main sites of aerobic respiration in the cell and mainly provide energy for the organism, and play key roles in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic regulation, and cell differentiation and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a contributing factor to a variety of diseases. The kidney is rich in mitochondria to meet energy needs, and stable mitochondrial structure and function are essential for normal kidney function. Recently, many studies have shown a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney disease, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis has become an important target for kidney therapy. In this review, we integrate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in different kidney diseases, and specifically elaborate the mechanism of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), autophagy and ferroptosis involved in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases, providing insights for improved treatment of kidney diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"Article 103576"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efferocytosis: Unveiling its potential in autoimmune disease and treatment strategies","authors":"Jing Xing ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-cai Xu ,&nbsp;Ze-jun Pei ,&nbsp;Qiu-xia Yu ,&nbsp;Xing-yu Liu ,&nbsp;Ya-lu Dong ,&nbsp;Shu-fang Li ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Yao ,&nbsp;Jie Ding ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Ren-peng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efferocytosis is a crucial process whereby phagocytes engulf and eliminate apoptotic cells (ACs). This intricate process can be categorized into four steps: (1) ACs release “find me” signals to attract phagocytes, (2) phagocytosis is directed by “eat me” signals emitted by ACs, (3) phagocytes engulf and internalize ACs, and (4) degradation of ACs occurs. Maintaining immune homeostasis heavily relies on the efficient clearance of ACs, which eliminates self-antigens and facilitates the generation of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signals that maintain immune tolerance. However, any disruptions occurring at any of the efferocytosis steps during apoptosis can lead to a diminished efficacy in removing apoptotic cells. Factors contributing to this inefficiency encompass dysregulation in the release and recognition of “find me” or “eat me” signals, defects in phagocyte surface receptors, bridging molecules, and other signaling pathways. The inadequate clearance of ACs can result in their rupture and subsequent release of self-antigens, thereby promoting immune responses and precipitating the onset of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of the efferocytosis process and its implications can provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies that target this process to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"Article 103578"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remodeling of T-cell mitochondrial metabolism to treat autoimmune diseases","authors":"Liyan Lin ,&nbsp;Ruyu Ren ,&nbsp;Qiao Xiong ,&nbsp;Chunfu Zheng ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Huiqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>T cells are key drivers of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by producing cytokines, stimulating the generation of autoantibodies, and mediating tissue and cell damage. Distinct mitochondrial metabolic pathways govern the direction of T-cell differentiation and function and rely on specific nutrients and metabolic enzymes. Metabolic substrate uptake and mitochondrial metabolism form the foundational elements for T-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function, contributing to the dynamic interplay between immunological signals and mitochondrial metabolism in coordinating adaptive immunity. Perturbations in substrate availability and enzyme activity may impair T-cell immunosuppressive function, fostering autoreactive responses and disrupting immune homeostasis, ultimately contributing to autoimmune disease pathogenesis. A growing body of studies has explored how metabolic processes regulate the function of diverse T-cell subsets in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis. This review describes the coordination of T-cell biology by mitochondrial metabolism, including the electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and one‑carbon metabolism. This study elucidated the intricate crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic programs, signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors. This review summarizes potential therapeutic targets for T-cell mitochondrial metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases, providing insights for future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"Article 103583"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997224000740/pdfft?md5=6bb063881495178bffec26ec237556aa&pid=1-s2.0-S1568997224000740-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current evidence on the role of fibroblasts in large-vessel vasculitides: From pathogenesis to therapeutics","authors":"Shuang Xu ,&nbsp;William F. Jiemy ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Brouwer ,&nbsp;Janette K. Burgess ,&nbsp;Peter Heeringa ,&nbsp;Kornelis S.M. van der Geest ,&nbsp;Roser Alba-Rovira ,&nbsp;Marc Corbera-Bellalta ,&nbsp;Annemieke H. Boots ,&nbsp;Maria C. Cid ,&nbsp;Maria Sandovici","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-vessel vasculitides (LVV) comprise a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the aorta and its major branches. The most common forms of LVV are giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Both GCA and TAK are characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the vessel wall accompanied by a maladaptive immune and vascular response that promotes vascular damage and remodeling. The inflammatory process in LVV starts in the adventitia where fibroblasts constitute the dominant cell population. Fibroblasts are traditionally recognized for synthesizing and renewing the extracellular matrix thereby being major players in maintenance of normal tissue architecture and in tissue repair. More recently, fibroblasts have emerged as a highly plastic cell population exerting various functions, including the regulation of local immune processes and organization of immune cells at the site of inflammation through production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors as well as cell-cell interaction. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on fibroblasts in LVV. Furthermore, we identify key questions that need to be addressed to fully understand the role of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of LVV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"Article 103574"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What have we learned on pre, very early, and early systemic sclerosis microcirculatory pathophysiology? A scoping review","authors":"Joana Caetano ,&nbsp;Luís Monteiro Rodrigues ,&nbsp;José Delgado Alves","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Microvascular dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The objective of this scoping review is to update the current information and the level of knowledge about the mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction in pre-SSc, very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS) and early SSc.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A PubMed® database search allowed us to include original data from full-length articles in English in which the main topic was microvascular dysfunction in pre-SSC, VEDOSS or early SSc. Data was extracted using a customized form.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the present review 437 articles were identified, and 42 studies included, reporting data from a total of 1069 patients with pre-SSc, VEDOSS or early-SSc. Distinct mechanisms of microvascular injury were identified comprising, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, cell surface proteins and adhesion, molecules expression, cytokines profile, inflammatory and oxidation pathways, and skin perfusion determinants. Most of the studies were conducted in early SSc, with a reduced number in pre-disease stages, in which the prompt recognition of specific mechanisms and biomarkers may allow targeted treatment to prevent disease progression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although different molecular expression patterns and signaling pathways related to microvascular dysfunction in pre-SSc, VEDOSS, and early SSc were identified, additional prospective longitudinal studies and combined work with functional evaluation of peripheral skin perfusion are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103540"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to different occupational chemicals and clinical phenotype of a cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis","authors":"Mayka Freire ,&nbsp;Bernardo Sopeña ,&nbsp;Arturo González-Quintela ,&nbsp;Alfredo Guillén del Castillo ,&nbsp;Eduardo Callejas Moraga ,&nbsp;Gema M. Lledó-Ibañez ,&nbsp;Manuel Rubio-Rivas ,&nbsp;Luis Trapiella ,&nbsp;Ana Argibay ,&nbsp;Carles Tolosa ,&nbsp;Begoña Marí Alfonso ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Vargas-Hitos ,&nbsp;Xavier Pla Salas ,&nbsp;Cristina González-Echávarri ,&nbsp;Antonio-J Chamorro ,&nbsp;Isabel Perales Fraile ,&nbsp;Andrés González García ,&nbsp;Gloria de la Red Bellvis ,&nbsp;David Bernal Bello ,&nbsp;Antoni Castro Salomó ,&nbsp;Carmen Pilar Simeón-Aznar","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103542"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with incident cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A scoping review","authors":"Yasaman Hajiesmaeili ,&nbsp;Preeti Tamhankar ,&nbsp;Saverio Stranges ,&nbsp;Lillian Barra","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis and is associated with various comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This scoping review summarizes the current evidence on longitudinal cohort studies assessing potential factors associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events among patients with RA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were used to identify longitudinal cohort studies investigating the incidence of CVD among RA patients. Using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened and extracted the relevant studies independently to map the existing literature on this topic. The extracted data included study characteristics, demographics, comorbidities, behavioural and RA-related factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-three research papers were included with a mean follow-up duration of 7.8 years. The sample size of the studies ranged from 182 to 4,311,022 subjects, the mean age from 46.1 to 72.3 years, and on average, 34.6% of the participants were male. The following factors were reported to be associated with a higher incidence of CVD in RA patients: older age, male sex, co-morbid hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia, the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or acute phase reactants. Among RA treatments, glucocorticoids were shown to increase CVD incidence while DMARDs, especially methotrexate, were associated with a lower incidence of CVD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This review offers a comprehensive summary of the current literature reporting on risk factors for CVD incidence among RA patients. Future research should focus on the less studied factors, including socioeconomic status, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, sleep habits and dietary patterns as well as some RA-related factors such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and functional impairment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103539"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140540571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From autoantibody test results to decision making: Incorporating likelihood ratios within medical practice","authors":"Kevin D. Deane ,&nbsp;Lieve Van Hoovels ,&nbsp;Veena E. Joy ,&nbsp;Nina Olschowka ,&nbsp;Xavier Bossuyt","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autoantibodies are important laboratory markers to support diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Interpretation of autoantibodies is classically done in a dichotomous way (positive versus negative). Yet, interpretation of autoantibody test results can be improved by reporting likelihood ratios. Likelihood ratios convey information on how much more/less likely a test result is in individuals with the disease compared to individuals without the disease. It incorporates information on the antibody level (the higher the antibody level, the higher the association with the disease), which is helpful for (differential) diagnosis. Likelihood ratios are unit-independent and allow users to harmonize test result interpretation. When the likelihood ratio is combined with information on the pre-test probability, post-test probability can be appraised. In this review, the applicability of likelihood ratio in autoimmune diagnostics will be reviewed from the perspective of the clinician, the laboratory professional and the in vitro diagnostic industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103537"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ‘whole landscape’ of research on systemic sclerosis over the past 73 years","authors":"Meng-Di Zhang ,&nbsp;Wan-Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Jia-Yuan Luo ,&nbsp;Rong-Quan He ,&nbsp;Zhi-Guang Huang ,&nbsp;Jian-Di Li ,&nbsp;Fang Qin ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Ling Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to analyse existing research on systemic sclerosis (SSc) conducted over the past 73 years to develop an essential reference for a comprehensive and objective understanding of this field of inquiry.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus databases as data sources for the bibliometric analysis, we searched for published literature related to SSc over the past 73 years. The Bibliometrix package was used to analyse key bibliometric indicators, such as annual publication volume, countries, journals, author contributions, and research hotspots.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 1970 to 2022, the number of SSc articles steadily increased, reaching its peak in 2020–2022, with approximately 1200 papers published in each of these three years. Matucci-Cerinic et al.'s team published the most articles (425). The United States (11,282), Italy (7027), and France (5226) were the most predominant contexts. The most influential scholars in the field were Denton, Leroy, Steen, and Khanna, with H-indices of 86, 84, and 83, respectively. <em>Arthritis and Rheumatism</em> was the most influential journal in this field (H-index 142). High-frequency keywords in the SSc field included fibrosis (738), inflammation (242), vasculopathy (145), fibroblasts (120), and autoantibodies (118) with respect to pathogenesis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD, 708), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, 696), and Raynaud's phenomenon (326) with regards to clinical manifestations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the past three years, SSc research has entered a period of rapid development, mainly driven by research institutions in Europe and the United States. The most influential journal has been Arthritis and Rheumatism, and autoimmune aspects, vasculopathy, fibrogenesis, PAH, and ILD remain the focus of current research and indicate trends in future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103538"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anti-Ro52-kDa/SSA (TRIM21) antibodies and associated clinical phenotype in systemic sclerosis: Data from a French cohort, a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Marie-Elise Martel ,&nbsp;Amélie Leurs ,&nbsp;David Launay ,&nbsp;Hélène Behal ,&nbsp;Aurélien Chepy ,&nbsp;Aurore Collet ,&nbsp;Sébastien Sanges ,&nbsp;Eric Hachulla ,&nbsp;Sylvain Dubucquoi ,&nbsp;Luc Dauchet ,&nbsp;Vincent Sobanski","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Estimate the global prevalence of anti-Ro52-kDa/SSA (TRIM21) autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (SSc), and describe the associated clinical phenotype, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports and new data from our French cohort.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anti-TRIM21 seropositivity and associated SSc characteristics were assessed in a cross-sectional study including 300 patients of Lille University Hospital. A systematic review of the literature was performed in Pubmed and Embase, followed by a meta-analysis, using data on prevalence, clinical/demographical/biological characteristics of SSc patients and the type of assay used for anti-TRIM21 antibodies detection (PROSPERO n° CRD42021223719).</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>In the cross-sectional study, anti-TRIM21 antibodies prevalence was 26% [95%CI: 21; 31]. Anti-centromere antibodies were the most frequent SSc specific autoantibodies coexisting with anti-TRIM21. Patients with anti-TRIM21 antibodies were more frequently women (91% vs 77%, <em>p</em> = 0.006), more likely to present an associated Sjögren's syndrome (19% vs 7%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), had a higher rate of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (15% vs 6%, <em>p</em> = 0.017) and a greater frequency of digestive complications such as dysphagia (12% vs 5%, <em>p</em> = 0.038) or nausea/vomiting (10% vs 3%, <em>p</em> = 0.009) than anti-TRIM21 negative patients. Thirty-five articles corresponding to a total of 11,751 SSc patients were included in the meta-analysis. In this population, the overall seroprevalence of anti-TRIM21 antibodies was 23% [95%CI: 21; 27] with a high degree of heterogeneity (I²: 93% Phet: &lt;0.0001), partly explained by the methods of detection. Anti-TRIM21 seropositivity was positively associated with female sex (OR: 1.60 [95%CI: 1.25, 2.06]), limited cutaneous subset (OR: 1.29 [1.04, 1.61]), joint manifestations (OR: 1.33 [1.05, 1.68]), pulmonary hypertension (PH) (OR: 1.82 [1.42, 2.33]), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (OR: 1.31 [1.07, 1.60]).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Anti-TRIM21 antibodies frequently co-exist with usual SSc antibodies, but are independently associated to a higher risk of cardio-pulmonary complications. The presence of these autoantibodies should therefore be considered when assessing the risk of developing PH and ILD, and deserves further studies on appropriate screening and follow-up of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"23 5","pages":"Article 103536"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997224000272/pdfft?md5=1498dd5cfeaa3d0df361ec3ed3b96f8d&pid=1-s2.0-S1568997224000272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}