Autoimmunity reviews最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis in SLE that may improve SLE-specific cardiovascular risk assessment tools.","authors":"Silvia De Santis, Marcella Prete, Patrizia Leone, Vasiliki Liakouli, Marta Vomero, Luca Navarini, Piero Ruscitti, Francesco Ciccia, Roberto Giacomelli, Elvira Favoino, Federico Perosa","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular (CV) events (CVE) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and affected patients display a two- to three-fold higher risk than the general population. This increased CV risk remains underestimated by traditional CV risk algorithms, which do not account for SLE-specific drivers of accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to examine key biomarkers and immune-mediated pathways involved in immune dysregulation and vascular injury. By comparing their contribution to SLE pathogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque development, we have highlighted biomarkers that may be incorporated into more accurate, SLE-specific CV risk assessment tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":" ","pages":"104073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mitophagy in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Yujiao Wei, Jian Zheng, Miao Tu, Haoran Song, Yanyan Zhang, Jiyu Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a persistent autoimmune condition involving multiple organ systems. It is fundamentally driven by the dysregulation of the immune system. Under this condition, the immune system erroneously targets body tissues and induces a marked inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multisystem and multi-organ involvement. Mitophagy is a selective intracellular quality control mechanism that eliminates dysfunctional or redundant mitochondria and is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, accumulating research has indicated that dysregulated mitophagy is closely linked to the pathogenesis of SLE and associated organ damage, particularly in lupus nephritis (LN). This review systematically elaborates the molecular regulatory network of mitophagy and its specific roles in immune dysregulation and organ damage in SLE. We further explored therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy to provide new theoretical foundations and directions for the targeted management of SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":" ","pages":"104072"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serious infections in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Epidemiology, risk factors, and strategies for prevention.","authors":"Bryan Chang, Duvuru Geetha, David R W Jayne, Andreas Kronbichler","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serious infections in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) represent a contributor to morbidity and mortality. Patients are susceptible to both typical and opportunistic infections due to immunocompromise resulting from immunosuppressive treatments and disease activity. Over the past decade, studies predominantly in retrospective cohorts have outlined the incidence and nature of serious infections, including organ involvement and pathogens, as well as various risk factors for serious infections. This review summarises the recent literature on serious infections and discusses risk factors for these infections; we have categorised them into baseline characteristics, laboratory values, end-organ damage, and immunosuppressive treatments. It discusses emerging data on the role of reduced glucocorticoid regimens and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in preventing serious infections. Finally, implications on clinical practice and important avenues for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":" ","pages":"104074"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Meta-analysis of meteorological conditions and rheumatoid arthritis”","authors":"Feng Luo ,&nbsp;Xueming Yao ,&nbsp;Wukai Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This correspondence addresses critical methodological limitations in the recent meta analysis by Hu et al. regarding meteorological conditions and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We highlight issues of clinical heterogeneity arising from the conflation of disparate outcomes and inconsistent follow-up durations. Furthermore, we identify a “quality score paradox” where small-sample studies are disproportionately rated as high-quality compared to large-scale evidence. Finally, we argue that pooling data across incompatible climatic zones neglects the effect of baseline adaptation, and we suggest that the observed association between atmospheric pressure and joint swelling supports a hydraulic physical mechanism distinct from immune-mediated inflammatory flares.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104006"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic pericarditis in 2025: Advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies","authors":"Martin Michaud ,&nbsp;Yvan Jamilloux ,&nbsp;Clément Delmas ,&nbsp;Olivier Lairez ,&nbsp;Hélène Coulier ,&nbsp;Eric Bruguière ,&nbsp;Grégory Pugnet","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.103991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.103991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Idiopathic acute pericarditis is the most frequent form of acute pericarditis in Western countries. Although the short-term course of an uncomplicated first episode is often benign, a substantial proportion of patients progress to complicated forms with recurrences, incessant disease, or chronic constriction, leading to impaired quality of life and challenging management. In 2025, updated American and European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericarditis were issued, refining diagnostic criteria—particularly the role of C-reactive protein and multimodality imaging—and integrating targeted therapies such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors. A structured assessment of risk factors for complications helps identify patients who require closer monitoring or hospitalization. Initial treatment combines non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin and colchicine; in case of intolerance or resistance, second-line options include systemic corticosteroids or pharmacological blockade of IL-1. While the long-term prognosis of acute idiopathic pericarditis is generally good in terms of survival and low rates of constrictive pericarditis, recurrent and incessant forms are associated with significant morbidity. Individualized, risk-adapted management and prolonged follow-up are therefore recommended. This review summarizes contemporary data on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of idiopathic pericarditis, with a focus on autoinflammatory mechanisms and IL-1–targeted therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 103991"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid fillers in systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma: A systematic review","authors":"Arriana Gkouvi ,&nbsp;Nektarios-Marios Liapis ,&nbsp;Efterpi Zafiriou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios P. Bogdanos ,&nbsp;Christina G. Katsiari ,&nbsp;Theodora Simopoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) or morphea increasingly inquire about cosmetic procedures, as these conditions often result in disfiguring cutaneous manifestations such as microstomia, thin lips, sclerotic plaques or skin atrophy. Traditionally, rheumatologists prioritize immunosuppression and disease control but often fail to address aesthetic concerns. Among available interventions, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers offer a minimally invasive approach, yet there is not enough information regarding efficacy and safety in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review aims to discuss current evidence regarding the use of HA fillers in patients with SSc or morphea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> from inception until January 2025. Two independent reviewers examined the studies and extracted data. Data regarding the number of patients, disease type, HA filler particulars, technique, additional treatments, immunosuppression, patient reported or other outcomes and follow-up were extracted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 8 case reports, 7 case series and 4 prospective interventional studies (including one controlled study). Most common areas were the forehead, chin and perioral region. Some studies used adjuvant treatments such as Botox or Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). HA fillers were consistently associated with patient satisfaction and good cosmetic results. In patients with SSc, mouth opening improved and microstomia was alleviated. However, one controlled study reported no significant improvement in mouth opening compared to autologous fat grafting. Inactive morphea lesions appeared to be more responsive compared to inflammatory ones. Adverse events were mild with no reports of disease flare.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HA fillers appear to be a safe and minimally invasive procedure for addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns of patients with SSc or morphea. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify indications, durability and long-term safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104009"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies of glycolytic metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Miao Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Wan ,&nbsp;Han Shu ,&nbsp;Xue Yang ,&nbsp;Tongsheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingqing Xia ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease where glycolytic metabolism plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. This paper delves into the characteristics, key roles, and potential therapeutic applications of glycolytic metabolism in RA. In the synovial tissues and immune cells of RA patients, glycolytic metabolism is frequently observed to be enhanced, with key enzymes such as HK2, PFK-1/PFKFB3, and PKM2 showing abnormal expression and activation. Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, is increasingly recognized as an active signaling molecule that may contribute to the maintenance of inflammation and tissue destruction through multiple proposed mechanisms. Abnormal glycolytic metabolism in immune cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells, DCs) and synoviocytes (fibroblast-like synoviocytes, osteoclasts) respectively promote inflammatory responses and joint damage. Intervention strategies targeting glycolytic metabolism, such as the use of inhibitors for HK, PKM2, LDH, and PFK-1, have been proposed. However, numerous unresolved issues remain, necessitating further basic research to clarify the regulatory mechanisms and intercellular interactions of glycolytic metabolism, as well as in-depth studies on the clinical application value of related biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis – a systematic review","authors":"Sarah Turner ,&nbsp;Eve Roberts ,&nbsp;Natalie Hall ,&nbsp;Christian M. Hedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disease most commonly affecting children and young people. CNO can cause bone pain, hyperostosis and fractures, thereby significantly impacting on patients' wellbeing. The molecular pathophysiology of CNO is characterized by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and a pronounced imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the absence of clinical trials, treatment of CNO remains empiric and is based on personal experience and published case series. This project systematically reviewed the available literature in pediatric CNO following ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses’ (PRISMA) guidance accessing <em>Medline</em>, <em>Embase</em>, <em>NCBI PubMed</em>, <em>Cochrane Library Clinical Trials</em>, <span><span><em>ClinicalTrials.gov</em></span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, and <em>WHO ICTRP</em>. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are usually used as first-line treatment. They facilitate pain control and induce early remission in some patients but also associate with later flares. Conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been used with mixed success and may be helpful in patients with associated arthritis, skin inflammation, and/or inflammatory bowel disease. Biologic DMARDs, namely TNF inhibitors, are effective for the treatment of bone and associated skin and/or bowel disease. Bisphosphonates induce rapid remission in most patients but may associate with higher relapse rates when compared to TNF inhibitors. The longstanding absence of diagnostic and, until recently, classification criteria as well as defined study endpoints, the small sample size and variable therapeutic approaches challenge interpretation of studies and comparisons between treatments. Prospective randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to improve the evidence base, resulting in approval of treatments for CNO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Points to consider for reporting digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis interventional studies: An initiative from the world Scleroderma Foundation digital ulcer ad hoc committee","authors":"Corrado Campochiaro ,&nbsp;Nancy Maltez ,&nbsp;Yossra Suliman ,&nbsp;Alessia Alunno ,&nbsp;Begonya Alcacer-Pitarch ,&nbsp;Yannick Allanore ,&nbsp;Murray Baron ,&nbsp;Lorinda Chung ,&nbsp;Francesco Del Galdo ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Denton ,&nbsp;Oliver Distler ,&nbsp;Daniel Furst ,&nbsp;Ilaria Galetti ,&nbsp;Dilia Giuggioli ,&nbsp;Dinesh Khanna ,&nbsp;Thomas Krieg ,&nbsp;Pia Moinzadeh ,&nbsp;Masataka Kuwana ,&nbsp;Marco Matucci-Cerinic ,&nbsp;Janet Pope ,&nbsp;Michael Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Digital ulcers (DUs) are among the most painful and functionally disabling complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc), affecting up to 50% of patients. Despite their clinical relevance, interventional studies on DUs are limited and vary widely in design, definitions, and outcome reporting, hindering comparability and the development of standardized treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This initiative, led by an international expert group under the World Scleroderma Foundation (WSF), aims to establish points to consider for the standardized reporting of DUs in interventional studies, improving study quality, interpretability, and clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A steering committee of SSc experts developed these recommendations based on three systematic literature reviews on local, surgical, and systemic treatments for SSc-DUs. Consensus was achieved through iterative discussion among committee members, without external funding or third-party influence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven domains were identified as essential for standardization: (1) a uniform definition and classification of DUs; (2) consistent inclusion and exclusion criteria; (3) standardized primary and secondary outcome measures, including clinical and patient-reported outcomes; (4) detailed reporting of background and concomitant therapies; (5) harmonized local wound care protocols; (6) predefined timing and frequency of assessments; and (7) consideration of seasonal and environmental influences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Adopting these standardized reporting principles in future DU trials will enhance the quality and comparability of data, support more robust meta-analyses, and facilitate the development of effective, patient-centered treatment strategies for SSc-related DUs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104010"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147301400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SMURF2 p.T183M variant linking four autoimmune diseases through a fibrosis-prone immune endotype","authors":"Jia Shi ,&nbsp;Yiyun Pang ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Chanyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Mengtao Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"Article 104007"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}