Autoimmunity reviews最新文献

{"title":"Decoding tryptophan: Pioneering new frontiers in systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Fugang Huang ,&nbsp;Ke Sun ,&nbsp;Jiawang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Bao ,&nbsp;Guanqun Xie ,&nbsp;Keda Lu ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems, with its pathogenesis intricately tied to genetic, environmental, and immune regulatory factors. In recent years, the aberration of tryptophan metabolism has emerged as a key player in the disease, particularly through the activation of the kynurenine pathway and its influence on immune regulation. This review delves into the critical pathways of tryptophan metabolism and its profound impact on the multi-system manifestations of SLE, including its connections to the nervous system, kidneys, skin, and other organs. Additionally, it examines how tryptophan metabolism modulates the function of various immune cell types. The review also explores potential therapeutic avenues targeting tryptophan metabolism, such as dietary interventions, probiotic modulation, IDO expression inhibition, and immunoadsorption techniques. While current research has underscored the pivotal role of tryptophan metabolism in the onset and progression of SLE, its full therapeutic potential remains to be fully elucidated. This review aims to provide a solid scientific foundation for therapeutic strategies based on modulating tryptophan metabolism in SLE, offering a comprehensive overview of both clinical and basic research in this rapidly evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103809"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between gut microbiota and T cell immunity in colorectal cancer","authors":"Zhuang Jing ,&nbsp;Wu Yinhang ,&nbsp;Chu Jian ,&nbsp;Qu Zhanbo ,&nbsp;Wu Xinyue ,&nbsp;Han Shuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review delves into the complex and multi-layered mechanisms that govern the interaction between gut microbiota and T cells in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), revealing a novel “microbiota-immune regulatory landscape” within the tumor microenvironment. As CRC progresses, the gut microbiota experiences a significant transformation in both its composition and metabolic patterns. On one hand, specific microbial entities within the gut microbiota can directly engage with T cells, functioning as “immunological triggers” that shape T-cell behavior. Simultaneously, microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, serve as “molecular regulators” that intricately govern T-cell function and differentiation, fine-tuning the immune response. On the other hand, the quorum-sensing mechanism, a recently recognized communication network among bacteria, also plays a pivotal role in orchestrating T-cell immunity. Additionally, the gut microbiota forms an intriguing connection with the neuro-immune regulatory axis, a largely unexplored “territory” in CRC research. Regarding treatment strategies, a diverse array of intervention approaches—including dietary modifications, the utilization of probiotics, bacteriophages, and targeted antibiotic therapies—offer promising prospects for restoring the equilibrium of the gut microbiota, thereby acting as “ecosystem renovators” that impede tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the current research landscape in this field is fraught with challenges. These include significant variations in microbial composition, dietary preferences, and tumor microenvironments among individuals, a lack of large-scale cohort studies, and insufficient research that integrates tumor mutation analysis, gut microbiota investigations, and immune microenvironment evaluations. This review emphasizes the necessity for future research efforts to seamlessly incorporate multiple factors and utilize bioinformatics analysis to construct a more comprehensive “interactive map” of the gut microbiota-T cell relationship in CRC. The aim is to establish a solid theoretical basis for the development of highly effective and personalized treatment regimens, ultimately transforming the therapeutic approach to CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103807"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of regulatory T cells in inflammatory liver diseases","authors":"Linjie Yang ,&nbsp;Song Guo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver is the human body's largest digestive gland, which can participate in digestion, metabolism, excretion, detoxification and immunity. Chronic liver diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or viral hepatitis involve ongoing inflammation and resulting liver fibrosis may ultimately lead to the development of hepatobiliary cancers (HCC). Inflammation is the coordinated reaction of different liver cell types to cell signals and death of inflammation, which are linked to injury pathways within the liver or external agents from the gut-liver axis and the circulation. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in controlling inflammation and are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and balance. In this review, we highlight the recent discoveries related to the function of immune systems in liver inflammation and discuss the role of Treg cells in the different liver diseases (including MAFLD, autoimmune hepatitis and others).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103806"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosenescence in autoimmune diseases","authors":"Huifang Hu ,&nbsp;Guangyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Liesu Meng ,&nbsp;Rikard Holmdahl ,&nbsp;Lunzhi Dai ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-antigens and destruction of tissues. Aging is a natural process of physiological decline that also alters the immune system, a condition known as immunosenescence. During immunosenescence, the immune system undergoes various changes, including modifications and antigenicity of self-antigens, abnormalities in the quantity, phenotype, and function of lymphocytes and antibodies, as well as a narrowing of the B and T cell receptor repertoire, changes that may increase susceptibility to AIDs. Additionally, senescent immune cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to target organ involvement in AIDs, exacerbating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic imbalances in AIDs lead to the accumulation of senescent cells, which act as upstream drivers of immunosenescence. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional relationship between AIDs and immunosenescence, as well as its potential mechanisms. Therapeutic approaches targeting immunosenescence in AIDs remain at an early stage. Strategies aimed at resetting or reversing the aging immune system are expected to become a novel direction in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103805"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antifibrotic agents in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Javier Narváez ,&nbsp;Martí Aguilar-Coll ,&nbsp;Montserrat Roig-Kim ,&nbsp;Judith Palacios-Olid ,&nbsp;Pol Maymó-Paituvi ,&nbsp;Laia de Daniel-Bisbe ,&nbsp;Dídac LLop","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of antifibrotic agents, nintedanib and pirfenidone, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Studies assessing nintedanib or pirfenidone in RA-ILD were included. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 4 observational) involving 270 RA-ILD patients met the inclusion criteria. In total, 148 received nintedanib and 122 received pirfenidone. Nearly 70 % had a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern.</div><div>The pooled analysis revealed a mean FVC decline of −68.97 mL/year (95 % CI: −104.85 to −32.49; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and a mean difference of 1.15 % (<em>p</em> = 0.33; after excluding influential studies: −0.28, <em>p</em> = 0.54). Their impact on %pDLCO has been less extensively evaluated, with a mean difference of −1.76 % (<em>p</em> = 0.36; after excluding influential studies: effect size −3.78, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The changes in pulmonary function tests were comparable between nintedanib and pirfenidone.</div><div>Mortality rates ranged from 15 % to 35 %, with respiratory-specific mortality reported at 44 % to 100 %. Lung transplantation rates were 4–5 %.</div><div>Antifibrotic therapy was associated with a pooled adverse event (AE) rate of 73 % (95 % CI: 0.38–0.97; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatotoxicity being the most frequently reported. Treatment discontinuation due to AEs occurred in nearly 24 % of patients (95 % CI: 0.16–0.40; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Antifibrotic agents demonstrated stabilization of %pFVC, with less robust evidence for %pDLCO in RA-ILD. Nearly one quarter of patients discontinued therapy due to AEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103804"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on estrogen and estrogen receptors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases","authors":"Jiewen Xie ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejiao Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a category of disease related to sex differences, with a significantly higher incidence in women than in men. In addition to X chromosome inactivation abnormalities, Estrogen and estrogen receptors may lead to the sex differences in AITD. Estrogen, estrogen receptors and estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathways can affect the number and function of immune cells and the function of the thyroid to promote the development of AITD. This article describes the role of estrogen in regulating the composition ratio and the function of immune cells and the role of estrogen in promoting thyroid cell proliferation and thyroxine-binding protein and thyroid antibody production; the role of estrogen in stimulating the hypothalamus-pituitary–thyroid gland axis; and the role of estrogen and the estrogen receptor in the progression of AITD. These roles offer a new perspective for understanding the pathological mechanism of AITD and provide new targets for future therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between breastfeeding and the risk of autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Wen-Jie Li ,&nbsp;Yue-Can Gao ,&nbsp;Xiao Hu ,&nbsp;Yu-Tong Tan ,&nbsp;Jia-Jun Deng ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Pan ,&nbsp;Sha-Sha Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Previous studies on the association between breastfeeding and autoimmune diseases risk have yielded inconsistent findings. This study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of breastfeeding and its duration against autoimmune diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO) were systematically searched from inception to September 24, 2024. Studies on the association between breastfeeding and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) published within this period were included. Dichotomous outcome data from multiple studies were subjected to a random-effects meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the pooled effect size. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed to evaluate quality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 40 included studies (35 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies), 12 were stratified by the duration of breastfeeding. The combined effect showed a protective association between breastfeeding and a reduced risk of autoimmune diseases (OR = 0.80; 95 %CI: 0.72 to 0.89; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). This protective effect was significant for RA (OR = 0.66; 95 %CI: 0.46 to 0.93; <em>P</em> = 0.018), MS (OR = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.63 to 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.030) and T1D (OR = 0.80; 95 %CI: 0.66 to 0.98; <em>P</em> = 0.028), and was more pronounced with breastfeeding duration of at least four months (OR = 0.81; 95 %CI: 0.72 to 0.90; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Breastfeeding provides an overall protective effect against autoimmune diseases and a significant protective effect on RA, MS and T1D. This protective effect appears stronger with breastfeeding duration of at least 4 months. These results highlight the necessity of promoting breastfeeding and supporting related policies to improve infant health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103801"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLE patients with childhood-onset: A nation-wide population-based study","authors":"Alexandra Kachaner ,&nbsp;Arthur Mageau ,&nbsp;Jean-François Timsit ,&nbsp;Julien Rio ,&nbsp;Thomas Papo ,&nbsp;Karim Sacré","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that typically affects women of childbearing age. Using a nationwide database, we aimed to assess the prevalence, main clinical features and outcomes of patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). Data on all patients admitted to a French hospital between January 2011 and December 2020 with at least one ICD, 10th revision code for SLE were retrieved from the nationwide hospital medical information database. Individuals who developed systemic SLE before the age of 17 years were considered to have cSLE. Between 2011 and 2020, 36,791 unique SLE patients were hospitalised in France. Among them, 1030 individuals younger than 17 years (median [q1-q3] age 13.0 [11.0;15.0]) years, 81.9 % female) were identified as having cSLE. The prevalence of cSLE was 8.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The main characteristics of cSLE did not differ by sex, except for a younger age of onset in boys. Older children have a higher incidence of lupus nephritis. Compared to adult-onset SLE, lupus nephritis and immune cytopenia were twice as frequent in cSLE. During a median follow-up of 7.1 [4.0–9.0] years, 539 (52.3 %) cSLE patients experienced at least one hospitalisation for an infection. A total of 6 patients (0.6 %) died. All of these deaths occurred during the hospitalisation in which the first lupus code was assigned. The prevalence of cSLE in France was 8.3 cases per 100,000 of the population. cSLE had a higher rate of renal nephritis and immune cytopenia than adult-onset SLE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Xue-Er Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Hu ,&nbsp;Jian Tang ,&nbsp;Qian-Qian Shi ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Yi-Sheng He ,&nbsp;Man Ge ,&nbsp;Jin-Hui Tao ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgrounds</h3><div>The effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are still unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on RA patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The online databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were used to search the relevant literature from inception to December 2024. Meta-analyses with the inclusion of randomized controlled trials were selected to assess the effects of nutritional supplements or dietary interventions on RA. We accessed the methodological quality of included reviews using AMSTAR 2 and evaluated the quality of evidence for intervention effects using GRADE. Data synthesis and analysis were used by R 4.4.1 and STATA 17.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 14 articles were included, evaluating the effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on RA management. Among these, 3 studies were rated as high quality, 6 as low quality, and 5 as critically low quality by AMSTAR2. The quality of evidence for intervention effects ranges from low to very low quality. The interventions assessed included polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), probiotics, total glucosides of paeony (TGP), anti-inflammatory diets (AIDs), and others. TGP was the only intervention to significantly reduce both the disease activity score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, although the quality of evidence for these effects was low. Probiotics contributed to significant reductions in C-reactive protein and visual analogue scale scores, with both outcomes rated as low quality. PUFAs demonstrated significant improvements in tender joint count, swollen joint count, and morning stiffness, though, like the other interventions, these effects were also rated as low quality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was relatively strong evidence supporting that PUFAs, probiotics, TGP, and AIDs may show some benefits on RA. However, the low quality of evidence highlights the need for further high-quality research and real-world evidence to confirm their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103792"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetics in autoimmune diseases: Unraveling the hidden regulators of immune dysregulation","authors":"Giacomo Bagni ,&nbsp;Edoardo Biancalana ,&nbsp;Emanuele Chiara ,&nbsp;Iole Costanzo ,&nbsp;Danilo Malandrino ,&nbsp;Elena Lastraioli ,&nbsp;Miki Palmerini ,&nbsp;Elena Silvestri ,&nbsp;Maria Letizia Urban ,&nbsp;Giacomo Emmi","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autoimmune diseases result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in epigenetic research shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of such conditions.</div><div>The present review aims to explore the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, in the context of autoimmune diseases. We discuss the current understanding of epigenetic alterations associated with various autoimmune disorders, their impact on immune cell function, and their potential as innovative therapeutic targets. Additionally, we highlight the main future directions in the field of epigenetics in autoimmunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 6","pages":"Article 103784"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}