Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Australia versus Denmark: an analysis of foot-and-mouth disease mitigation strategies","authors":"AJB Wagner,&nbsp;AE Boklund,&nbsp;MP Ward","doi":"10.1111/avj.13435","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has progressively increased as an economically significant viral pathogen to the global agricultural and livestock industries, especially in those countries listed as FMD-free, such as Australia and Denmark. The potential risk associated with the loss of this status enlists an equally significant level of biosecurity and outbreak preparedness via specific mitigation strategies. Current technology allows for modelling of theoretical incursion scenarios; however, the parameters used are ever-changing and differ based on location. This study aims to compare the modelling outputs from at least five separate studies, from both Australia and Denmark respectively, to identify the most significant results and subsequently determine the recommendations most important to implement for national FMD outbreak mitigation. The comparative analysis suggests that the demographics, both within and between Australia and Denmark, can markedly affect the spread of FMD, but that each country's modelling of potential FMD outbreaks yielded three common areas for future recommendations: resource allocation and control; economic efficiency; and alternative interventions. Key points of difference, however, were Denmark's island geography and subsequent isolated populations of high-density production that led to a more regional approach of minimising island-island spread through varying vaccination regimes and depopulation/surveillance zone combinations. Australia's strategies of control centred more around enhanced detection and surveillance to prevent the incidence of significant outbreaks in the production animal industry. The most common factor for both was cost, specifically the reduction in time to export post-outbreak, due to each respective export industry, and the significant losses associated with even short periods of trade bans due to disease. The costs of surveillance and resources were similarly investigated in tandem with different interventions to further understand the components of an effective mitigation method for any outbreak of FMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 9","pages":"571-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative risk assessment for the importation of fresh porcine semen into Australia","authors":"K Richards,&nbsp;A Pointon,&nbsp;R Cutler","doi":"10.1111/avj.13439","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The importation of fresh boar semen was qualitatively assessed for the biosecurity risk of introducing specific diseases into the Australian pig herd. The methodology used was as described by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and applied for official import risk assessments undertaken by Australia. It was found that the risk of introducing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Senecavirus A, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and African swine fever virus exceeded Australia's appropriate level of protection even when WOAH mitigations were applied. Findings of the assessment also support predictions of new diseases transmitted via semen emerging that may cause serious and/or irreversible harm to the Australian pig industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 9","pages":"603-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vale Peter Gregor Scott","authors":"J Schröder,&nbsp;G Reed,&nbsp;S Page,&nbsp;A Irving","doi":"10.1111/avj.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 5","pages":"304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunistic sampling from the near-threatened Alexandrine parakeet uncovers genomes of a novel parvovirus and beak and feather disease virus","authors":"S Sarker,&nbsp;N Klukowski,&nbsp;S Talukder,&nbsp;A Athukorala,&nbsp;MJ Uddin","doi":"10.1111/avj.13442","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Birds are known to harbour a wide range of pathogenic viruses, including the beak and feather disease virus (BFDV; species, <i>Circovirus parrot</i>), which poses a significant threat to the conservation of endangered avian species. This study reports the genomic identification and characterisation of a novel psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus (PsChPV-6) and BFDV, sequenced from the faecal samples of healthy Alexandrine parakeets (<i>Psittacula eupatria</i>). PsChPV-6 is a linear, single-stranded DNA virus consisting of 4232 nucleotides (nt) with a high A + T content and five predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Key proteins encoded by PsChPV-6, such as the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and major capsid protein VP1, demonstrate strong sequence similarities to other avian parvoviruses, with conserved motifs in NS1 crucial for viral replication. The presence of a previously uncharacterised ORF1 region suggests strain-specific viral features that warrant further exploration. BFDV is a circular single-stranded DNA virus in the <i>Circoviridae</i> family and was also identified in the samples. Phylogenetic analysis positioned PsChPV-6 within the <i>Chaphamaparvovirus</i> genus, closely related to parvoviruses from diverse avian species, whereas BFDV was grouped with strains from Australian cockatoos and other nonpsittacine birds, suggesting potential cross-species transmission. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of these viral pathogens in bird populations, underscoring the importance of ongoing surveillance to evaluate their ecological and veterinary impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 7","pages":"416-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelopathy caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in a dog and a cat","authors":"L McLeay,&nbsp;P Kenny,&nbsp;G Child,&nbsp;SL Donahoe,&nbsp;E Jenkins,&nbsp;A Taylor,&nbsp;A Lam,&nbsp;P Martin,&nbsp;M Krockenberger","doi":"10.1111/avj.13436","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Cladophialophora bantiana</i> is a neurotropic phaeohyphomycotic fungal organism. The most common neural manifestation of <i>C. bantiana</i> infection is brain abscessation or systemic phaeohyphomycosis. This is the first report of spinal cord dysfunction as the presenting clinical manifestation of this disease in dogs and cats. This report describes two cases of myelopathy caused by <i>C. bantiana</i> infection in a dog and a cat. Case 1, a 10-month-old male entire Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was presented for acute onset tetraparesis and cervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a focal, rim contrast-enhancing intramedullary lesion in the cervical spinal cord. The dog was treated empirically with antibiotics and corticosteroids but clinically deteriorated and was humanely euthanased. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tissue samples of the lesion collected via post-mortem examination identified <i>C. bantiana.</i> Case 2, a 4-year-old male neutered domestic short hair cat, was presented with non-ambulatory paraparesis. The cat was humanely euthanased, and post-mortem examination revealed severe osteomyelitis of the 12th thoracic vertebral lamina, causing spinal cord compression and degeneration. Lesions were also found in the kidneys, spleen and lungs. Fungal hyphae were identified in the urine, and panfungal PCR and sequencing of the fungus cultured from tissue samples identified <i>C. bantiana</i>. These cases demonstrate two manifestations by which <i>C. bantiana</i> infection may cause spinal cord dysfunction: pyogranulomatous myelitis or vertebral osteomyelitis causing spinal cord compression and degeneration. The route of infection is unknown in both cases; however, it is considered most likely via inhalation of fungal spores or inoculation of wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 6","pages":"332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a tibial osseointegrated prosthesis as a limb salvage method in two dogs","authors":"A Fink,&nbsp;A Malak,&nbsp;M Al Muderis,&nbsp;W Lu,&nbsp;AS Levien","doi":"10.1111/avj.13438","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13438","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To report on the management and outcomes of two dogs treated with osseointegrated prosthesis for pelvic-limb salvage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Short case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Sample Population</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two client-owned large breed dogs with distal tibial amputation due to neonatal and iatrogenic trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was performed to assess tibial medullary length and width. A custom-made intramedullary prosthesis was implanted and attached to a 3D-printed external prosthesis simulating a foot. Postoperative care included bandaging and regular chlorhexidine washes. Postoperative monitoring included clinical evaluation, owners’ assessment of function and radiographs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both dogs regained good use of the operated limb within 3 weeks of surgery. Osseointegration and bone remodelling around the implants were noted on radiographs, with no evidence of loosening or implant migration observed. Mild serosanguinous discharge at the cutaneous–implant interface was observed in the early postoperative period, resolving without intervention. Progressive osteolysis around the implants was detected on radiographs in both dogs by 22 months. Though osteomyelitis is suspected, both dogs were using the limb adequately and had satisfactory quality of life at more than 36 months after surgery. A consistent hygiene routine is suspected to delay this process and should theoretically prolong the lifespan of these implants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This osseointegrated implant system allowed dogs with traumatic loss of the hindpaw to regain normal clinical function of their pelvic limb for 3 years. Occasional soft tissue infections of the stoma sites were observed, but were easily managed, and long-term (36 month) follow-up suggests durability of the prosthesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results justify further studies in a larger cohort to assess the long-term durability of osseointegrated prostheses as a single-stage strategy to treat partial limb amputation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 6","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periparturient mortality in merino ewes in Australia: Incidence, impact and the path to mitigation strategies","authors":"B Kirk,&nbsp;T Clune,&nbsp;E de Looff,&nbsp;J Jones,&nbsp;S Barber,&nbsp;D McGill,&nbsp;L Rowlands,&nbsp;S McGrath,&nbsp;J Kelly,&nbsp;A Whale,&nbsp;C Jacobson,&nbsp;E Glanville","doi":"10.1111/avj.13430","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Managing breeding ewe mortality is a priority for the Australian sheep industry. The periparturient period carries the highest risk of mortality, but the incidence and causes in Merino ewes are not well characterised. Here, we outline the reported incidence of annual and periparturient mortality for Australian Merino ewes, causes and risk factors for ewe mortality and current recommendations for managing periparturient ewes and gaps in the literature. The mean incidence of periparturient mortality reported in Merino ewes ranges from 0.3% to 11.4%. However, there are challenges with reporting mortality figures in extensive production systems due to the nature of record keeping and farm characteristics. Studies reporting causes of periparturient mortality indicate that these are typically multifactorial, with metabolic disease and dystocia likely to be important. Identifying potential mitigation strategies has the potential to improve productivity, profitability and welfare on Australian farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 5","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence, serotypes and antibiograms of Salmonella isolates on Thoroughbred stud farms in New South Wales and Victoria","authors":"SP McTernan,&nbsp;J Heller,&nbsp;JR Clulow,&nbsp;L Gannon,&nbsp;R Huang,&nbsp;N Tidd,&nbsp;A Blishen,&nbsp;KJ Hughes","doi":"10.1111/avj.13437","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. <i>enterica</i> is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality within horse populations, worldwide. The prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> shedding in faeces has largely been reported in hospital settings, with limited information from general horse populations. Further, there is little understanding of the serotypes and antibiograms of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from horses in Australia. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> in stud farm horse populations, (2) determine serotypes and antibiograms for isolates, and (3) determine whether seasonal, animal, farm or management factors are associated with <i>Salmonella</i> shedding. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed on 11 Thoroughbred stud farms in New South Wales and Victoria between 1^st April 2023 and 30^th March 2024. Faecal samples were collected every 3 months (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and data for each animal and farm were obtained. Standard bacteriological culture methods were used to isolate <i>Salmonella</i> and serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. A total of 1476 faecal samples from 1330 horses were submitted. <i>Salmonella</i> was isolated from 5 horses (0.4%, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) on four farms during summer and autumn: <i>S.</i> Mbandaka (2), <i>S.</i> Typhimurium (2) and <i>S.</i> Wandsbek (1). No isolate was multidrug-resistant (MDR). Five stud farms reported a history of a horse shedding <i>Salmonella</i> on the property (NSW: 4, Victoria: 1) and four farms reported vaccination for <i>Salmonella</i>. The prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> on Australian Thoroughbred stud farms is low with varied serotypes involved and without evidence of MDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 6","pages":"314-318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-onset muscle weakness syndrome (MW) in an Australian Holstein calf","authors":"MG Ciacia,&nbsp;AJ Phipps","doi":"10.1111/avj.13431","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early-onset muscle weakness syndrome (MW) is a recessive genetic disorder known to affect Holstein cattle. This report describes the clinical findings in an Australian Holstein calf diagnosed with MW. The calf initially presented for examination at a dairy farm at 3 days of age, being recumbent since birth but able to stand with assistance. A presumptive diagnosis of traumatic injury was made at first. However, the calf was re-examined multiple times due to ongoing intermittent episodes of recumbency, prompting further diagnostic investigation. Given the non-specific nature of the clinical and laboratory findings, a presumptive diagnosis of MW was made after reviewing the calf's breeding pedigree. A definitive diagnosis, however, required genotype testing. To the authors knowledge, this case report represents the first peer-reviewed manuscript to describe the clinical presentation of MW in an Australian Holstein calf.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 5","pages":"298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel, nonlethal liver biopsy procedure in an elasmobranch","authors":"AM Hasenei,&nbsp;L Foyle,&nbsp;JL Rummer","doi":"10.1111/avj.13432","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tissue sampling is essential for understanding the biology, health and conservation status of elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks and rays). Historically, these samples have been obtained through recreational and commercial fisheries or via fisheries-independent sampling, often involving lethal methods. However, with a significant number of elasmobranch species listed as conservation concerns under IUCN standards — approximately one-third of species are threatened with extinction — there is an urgent need for nonlethal tissue sampling techniques to optimise animal care and further conservation research. Recent advances have demonstrated nonlethal liver sampling in teleost fishes, but this has rarely been attempted in elasmobranchs. Yet, in elasmobranchs, the liver is one of the largest organs, performing critical functions such as buoyancy regulation, energy storage and metabolic processes. Here, we present a nonlethal liver biopsy procedure in an elasmobranch species, the epaulette shark (<i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i>). Individual sharks were wild-collected from coastal waters of Queensland, Australia and maintained in holding facilities at James Cook University and Heron Island Research station where all procedures took place. Following surgery, the sharks made a full recovery, accepted food within 24 hours, and were monitored for 2 weeks before being released back to their original collection sites after complete healing. This study aimed to showcase these methods as a foundation for improved veterinary care and conservation science, while also advocating for the broader adoption of nonlethal sampling techniques in both research and clinical practice to promote sustainability and ethical conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 7","pages":"407-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}