Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Same story, different endings: clinical course and outcomes of two dogs treated differently for delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage 20 h after eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation","authors":"HY Mak,&nbsp;S Hardjo","doi":"10.1111/avj.13412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report presents the clinical course and outcomes of two dogs that were treated differently upon recognition of respiratory distress due to delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage (DFPH) 20 h after eastern brown snake envenomation. Two dogs from the same household were likely envenomated at the same time. Pulmonary haemorrhage was diagnosed based on pleural and lung ultrasound, decreasing packed cell volume and haemoptysis. Case 1 received a total of 7000 units of brown snake antivenom within the first 10 h after envenomation. The dog developed severe respiratory distress and anaemia approximately 20 h after envenomation. A decision to administer fresh whole blood was made, however, a marked deterioration in clinical signs occurred during the acquisition of blood. The dog was euthanased due to hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Case 2 received similar treatment to case 1 before DFPH. Case 2 developed moderate pleural effusion along with pulmonary haemorrhage after hospital admission. The dog was noticed to have respiratory distress approximately 1 h after case 1. Fresh frozen plasma was administered within 30 min, followed by packed red blood cells and autotransfusion, and the dog survived. These two cases are used as a foundation to discuss the pathophysiology of DFPH and its relation to the clinical signs. Furthermore, retrospective analysis of diagnostics and alternative approaches proposed, may assist clinicians in early recognition and optimal treatment of DFPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban","authors":"C Simpson,&nbsp;M Baranger-Ete,&nbsp;J Leung,&nbsp;K Worthing,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-year-old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. We posit that ischaemia due to ATE allowed dormant clostridial spores in the left hindlimb to germinate and multiply vegetatively, resulting in the elaboration of potent Gram-positive exotoxins, resulting in the clinical syndrome of gas gangrene, with emphysematous change in the affected limb. Samples collected following euthanasia confirmed the presumptive diagnosis, and <i>Clostridium haemolyticum</i> was isolated after prolonged anaerobic broth culture. The authors propose that benzyl penicillin be given intravenously to cats with ATE as bacterial prophylaxis to prevent this unusual but devastating sequela developing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat","authors":"A Teh,&nbsp;J Robertson,&nbsp;SL Donahoe,&nbsp;T Crighton,&nbsp;S Boyd,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the “leprosy-like” diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing <i>Mycobacteria</i> spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the <i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i> complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity. This report describes a case of widely disseminated mycobacteriosis in a 10-year-old American Shorthair cat with an atypical multi-organ distribution including rarely documented thyroid gland involvement. The cat presented for a chronic history of inappetence and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large mass on the left kidney, and an aspirate (FNA) from this mass showed abundant negative-staining bacilli which were confirmed to be acid-fast with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining. This was consistent with a mycobacterial aetiology. Necropsy revealed mycobacterial granulomas and/or granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, spleen, lungs and left mandibular lymph node, with abundant intralesional acid-fast bacilli in all these tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture on samples of all affected tissues were positive for <i>M. avium</i>. Collectively, the findings are consistent with disseminated mycobacteriosis due to <i>M. avium</i> with atypical distribution of lesions. Very likely, the cat had underlying immunodeficiency of undetermined cause, exacerbated by the administration of depot corticosteroid.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological findings of melioidosis in captive red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) in northern Queensland, Australia","authors":"RO Bowater,&nbsp;T Mackie,&nbsp;J Picard,&nbsp;I Huisman,&nbsp;L Hayes,&nbsp;JD Taylor","doi":"10.1111/avj.13403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melioidosis, caused by <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, is an important disease that is endemic in areas of northern Australia and can cause a wide range of clinical signs in people and animals. There is limited published data on the disease in marsupials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case report</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two captive red-legged pademelons (<i>Thylogale stigmatica</i>) with collective signs of lethargy, dysphagia and bloody oral discharge were submitted for necropsy and showed variations in pathology findings ranging from multifocal abscessation in various tissues to evidence of fulminant septicaemia. In both cases <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> was confirmed by bacterial culture and qPCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report details the first report of melioidosis in captive red-legged pademelons (<i>Thylogale stigmatica</i>) and describes the variations in clinical signs and pathological findings that were encountered with the disease. More research is needed to better understand melioidosis in marsupials to aid clinicians in making a prompt diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of two rhinoplasty techniques combined with vestibuloplasty on the cross-sectional area of the rostral nasal cavity in brachycephalic dogs with stenotic nares","authors":"K Shimura,&nbsp;CD Franklin,&nbsp;AK House","doi":"10.1111/avj.13404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the external nares and nasal vestibule on computed tomography (CT) transverse sections in brachycephalic dogs that underwent a vestibuloplasty in combination with either a Trader's technique or vertical wedge resection rhinoplasty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records and corresponding preoperative and postoperative head computed tomographic images were reviewed to measure CSA at two defined points on transverse sections of the nasal cavities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine brachycephalic dogs were included for analysis. Trader's technique and vestibuloplasty were performed in five dogs. Vertical wedge resection and vestibuloplasty were performed in four dogs. CSAs were significantly increased in all rostral nasal cavities postoperatively in both combination of techniques. The mean difference in CSA of the right and left external nares were 37.12 mm² (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.59, 49.66) and 64.3 mm² (95% CI 28.78, 60. 04), respectively. The mean difference in CSA of the right and left nasal vestibules were 25.08 mm² (95% CI 11.44, 38.73) and 28.73 mm² (95% CI 11.83, 45.64), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vestibuloplasty in combination with either Trader's technique or vertical wedge resection significantly increased the CSA of the external nares and nasal vestibules. These techniques did not result in recurrent stenosis or collapse of the alar wings in all evaluated rostral nasal cavities in this case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serovar Australis replaces serovar Copenhageni as the most common cause of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"C Griebsch,&nbsp;N Kirkwood,&nbsp;MP Ward,&nbsp;JM Norris","doi":"10.1111/avj.13401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in urban Sydney dogs in 2017, and serovar Copenhageni, against which a registered monovalent vaccine is available, was predominant until 2020. This study was conducted to (1) determine serological characteristics of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales (NSW) between 2021 and 2023; (2) describe the geospatial distribution of leptospirosis; and (3) evaluate if clinicopathological abnormalities and outcome differ between the dominant infecting serovars, Copenhageni <i>versus</i> Australis. Cases were identified through referral or direct veterinarian contact and included if clinical and clinicopathological findings confirmed leptospirosis. Between 2021 and 2023 leptospirosis was confirmed in 61 dogs in NSW. In 2022 two major outbreaks occurred in the local government areas of Shoalhaven (n = 23) and Lake Macquarie (n = 7). The most common serovar identified by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was Australis (n = 23) followed by Copenhageni (n = 8), Pomona (n = 2), Robinsoni (n = 2) and Bratislava (n = 1). In 16/18 cases from Shoalhaven in which serological results were available, serovar Australis was identified. Dogs infected with serovar Copenhageni were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) more likely to have hepatic involvement with significantly higher liver enzyme activities, bilirubin concentration and icterus, whereas dogs with serovar Australis were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) more likely to have glucosuria. Overall case fatality rate was 40% and was not different between infecting serovars. There are regional differences of infecting serovars with distinct leptospirosis hotspots, and differences in clinicopathological findings. The apparent emergence of serovar Australis highlights the need for bi- or multivalent vaccines and ongoing case surveillance of causal serovars is needed. Glucosuria should prompt leptospirosis testing in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranald David Alan Cameron","authors":"R Fogarty","doi":"10.1111/avj.13407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 1-2","pages":"73-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifocal nodular facial disease in a 5-year-old Whippet cross dog","authors":"BJ Pullens,&nbsp;B Remaj,&nbsp;BA Hedgespeth","doi":"10.1111/avj.13397","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This case report describes a mycobacterial infection in an adult Whippet cross dog. The dog was diagnosed with <i>Mycolicibacterium sediminis</i> infection, a species of mycobacteria that is yet to be reported as a causative agent of infection in humans or domestic animals. The dog was presented for specialist opinion of a 6-month history of severe facial lymphadenopathy that was nonresponsive to antibiotic and immunosuppressive therapy. A necrotic lesion developed on her right antebrachium approximately 10–14 days before presentation. The dog was anaesthetised for computed tomography and nodule and skin biopsies including fresh tissue for mycobacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nodules contained pyogranulomatous inflammation and perivascular necrosis that are typically found in mycobacterial infections. The mycobacterial PCR isolated <i>Mycolicibacterium sediminis.</i> The dog was prescribed triple antibiotic therapy and tapered off corticosteroids, with noticeable improvement within 4 weeks and resolution of granulomas within 3 months of therapy. Presence of chronic dermal pyogranulomatous inflammation should raise suspicions for mycobacterial disease, and fresh tissue should be submitted for PCR to aid in diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal mast cell tumour in a dog with lower grade features of biological aggressiveness","authors":"LYC Tay,&nbsp;L Brockley","doi":"10.1111/avj.13402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-year-old, neutered female, Australian Silky Terrier presented to her primary veterinarian with non-specific clinical signs of general unwellness, shaking, lethargy, inappetence and no defecation for 2–3 days. A rectal mass was found on physical examination. The rectal mass was surgically resected and histopathology was consistent with a mast cell tumour (MCT) with a mitotic count of 0 per 2.37mm². The dog had follow-up chemotherapy protocol comprising of vinblastine and prednisolone and was doing well with no evidence of tumour recurrence 30 weeks post surgical resection and is still alive and clinically normal at the time of writing, 9 months post initial diagnosis. Primary MCTs of the gastrointestinal tract have previously been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. This is the first report of a canine rectal mast cell tumour with lower grade features of biological aggressiveness and a possibly more favourable prognosis compared with the current published literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"116-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case series report: Equine coronavirus in Australia","authors":"S Horner,&nbsp;GF Agne,&nbsp;DP Byrne,&nbsp;ME Bain,&nbsp;BM Lynch,&nbsp;WR Gow,&nbsp;E-LJMM Verdegaal","doi":"10.1111/avj.13392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine Coronavirus (ECoV) can cause gastrointestinal disease and was first described in 2000 in the USA followed by several international outbreak case reports. Disease manifestation is characterised by vague clinical signs, including mild pyrexia, lethargy and anorexia. Morbidity ranges greatly from 10% to 83%. Although uncommon, ECoV may result in death secondary to disruption to the gastrointestinal barrier causing endotoxaemia and hyperammonaemic encephalopathy. Unfortunately to date, there is no vaccine available to prevent ECoV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case reports</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three faecal quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive ECoV cases are described that presented with mild to severe colic signs: a 2-year-old Miniature Pony gelding from South Australia, an 8-year-old Arabian Riding Pony gelding, and a 6-year-old Warmblood mare, both from Western Australia. The diagnosis was based on a positive faecal qPCR, which is currently the gold standard diagnostic tool. All horses in this case series survived after medical management. The Miniature Pony presented with anorexia and mild colic signs. On day 5, the pony revealed severe colic signs unresponsive to analgesia along with severe abdominal distension secondary to caecal distension requiring surgical intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To the authors' knowledge, this case series is the first published report of ECoV cases in Australia, and it adds both to the clinical description of the disease in horses and to the differential diagnosis list of colic signs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 1-2","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}