Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Severe oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture secondary to anaphylaxis in a dog","authors":"LCH Bielby,&nbsp;M Woodforde,&nbsp;N Kalnins","doi":"10.1111/avj.13421","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report describes the development of oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture in a dog secondary to anaphylaxis. A 9-month-old male entire Brussels Griffon presented in anaphylactic shock after exposure to Hymenoptera species (Sp). The dog had a history of an anaphylactic reaction after exposure to Hymenoptera, successfully managed with antihistamines and dexamethasone. On this presentation, the dog was vomiting, lethargic, hypotensive and hyperlactatemic, with a mild elevation in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and gall bladder wall oedema. An adrenaline constant rate infusion was required for 48 h; however, persistent vomiting and regurgitation occurred despite prokinetic and antiemetic therapy. The dog developed hypersalivation and discomfort around the neck on day 6 of hospitalisation. Oesophagitis was suspected and confirmed by endoscopic examination. The dog remained in hospital for a total of 10 days with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) placed. He was discharged and managed as an outpatient for 1 month while deescalating therapy and could not eat orally during this time. Repeat endoscopy and an oesophagogram performed 5 weeks post-discharge revealed a 2 mm oesophageal stricture 9.8 mm in length proximal to the lower oesophageal sphincter. The dog required four endoscopic guided ballooning procedures before the oesophageal diameter was deemed acceptable. After the first procedure, the dog could eat orally and gastrointestinal signs resolved. His PEG tube was removed after the fifth endoscope, 93 days from initial presentation, and further ballooning was not required. Gastrointestinal signs are commonly seen with anaphylaxis; however, these are usually self-limiting. This was the first description in the veterinary literature of severe oesophagitis and stricture formation secondary to anaphylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 5","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of risk factors for canine leptospirosis and seropositivity in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"C Griebsch,&nbsp;N Kirkwood,&nbsp;JM Norris,&nbsp;MP Ward","doi":"10.1111/avj.13411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to identify and compare risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis and <i>Leptospira</i> seropositivity in New South Wales, Australia. Seventy-nine canine cases of confirmed leptospirosis (clinical cases) and 16 healthy dogs seropositive to <i>Leptospira</i> (seropositive cases) were included in the study; these were separately compared to 394 healthy dogs seronegative to <i>Leptospira</i> (controls) in at-risk areas. A questionnaire investigated rat contact, stagnant water, dog park access and household number of dogs and cats. Associations between these factors, signalment and risk of leptospirosis or <i>Leptospira</i> seropositivity were screened using Pearson Chi-Square test and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of association. Significantly associated with both leptospirosis risk and seropositivity risk was rat contact (P &lt; 0.01) which increased the risk 4.3- and 4.5-fold, respectively. Other factors significantly associated with leptospirosis risk were breed (P &lt; 0.01) and age (P &lt; 0.01). Being a herding dog or Terrier increased leptospirosis risk 27.2-fold and 8-fold, respectively and being a young adult dog increased leptospirosis risk 3.9-fold. Frequenting dog parks decreased leptospirosis risk (OR 0.12). In contrast, no other significant risk factors were identified for seropositivity risk. Exposure to <i>Leptospira</i> through contact with reservoir hosts resulted in seropositivity as well as clinical leptospirosis. However, host factors like breed and age seem to be important factors in determining if exposure results in clinical disease. Increased urbanisation and landscape fragmentation could result in increased exposure to reservoir hosts. Environmental sampling is needed to identify sources of infection. Risk mitigation includes reducing contact with reservoir hosts and contaminated environments and increased pest control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Para-aminopropiophenone toxicity in domestic dogs: a description of non-target toxicosis in Victoria, Australia: 13 dogs (2016–2023)","authors":"R Llewellyn,&nbsp;J Cotela,&nbsp;C Lauinger,&nbsp;M Blevins,&nbsp;A Tudor,&nbsp;M Ray,&nbsp;S Ciaravolo,&nbsp;E Tudor","doi":"10.1111/avj.13405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAPP is widely used in Australia as a potent vertebrate bait, with potential for off-target ingestion and poisoning in domestic dogs. Whilst toxicosis and resulting methaemoglobinaemia is anecdotally known to occur, this is the first description in the literature. This study reports thirteen clinical cases of suspected Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) toxicity in dogs, with the aim of describing clinical presentation and current management of toxicosis in this species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case report</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three veterinary clinics in Victoria provided records of dogs where PAPP toxicity was the likely diagnosis (considering regional exposure, historical information and clinicopathological findings). Pertinent case data was described, and inferences made, based on commonalities and differences. Acute collapse, vomiting and cyanotic or brown mucous membranes were the most common presenting complaints. Marker beads associated with bait were identified in stomach contents from two dogs. All dogs received intravenous methylene blue (MB) with a mean initial dose of 3.8 mg/kg. A higher initial dose of MB (5mg/kg) was associated with a more rapid decline in methaemoglobin concentration. The mean hospitalisation time was 1.6 days with a 77% survival to discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case series enhances our understanding of the clinical presentation of PAPP toxicity in dogs, and response to treatment with MB. It highlights the consideration of PAPP toxicosis based on clinicopathological findings, even when definitive ingestion (i.e. presence of marker beads) cannot be established. Furthermore, it contributes to our knowledge of MB administration and suggests a fair prognosis for survival of PAPP toxicosis with prompt recognition and treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenobarbital toxicosis in a pied butcherbird, Cracticus nigrogularis","authors":"AG Hill,&nbsp;BM Stone,&nbsp;MJ Pyne","doi":"10.1111/avj.13418","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A wild, adult male pied butcherbird (<i>Cracticus nigrogularis</i>) accidentally ingested 263 mg/kg of oral phenobarbital. Pronounced sedation was observed by 30 mins, followed by altered consciousness, marked ataxia and increased respiratory effort. The serum phenobarbital level on admission to a wildlife hospital was 84.3 μg/mL; this declined to 29.3 μg/mL at 24 h and 1.7 μg/mL at 48 h (indicative of a phenobarbital serum half-life of approximately 24 h). Supportive treatment with activated charcoal, and nutritional and fluid support led to a full recovery over 5 days. The bird was successfully released.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"224-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of toltrazuril for prevention of oriental theileriosis (Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype) in Friesian calves","authors":"SG de Burgh,&nbsp;DL Emery","doi":"10.1111/avj.13415","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this non-blinded, randomised, controlled study was to determine the efficacy of toltrazuril for the prevention of oriental theileriosis in calves. Thirty calves were infected with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda genotype through the application and retention of infected female bush ticks (<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i>). 15 Group 1 calves were treated with a single, oral dose of toltrazuril at the dose registered in Australia for coccidiosis (15 mg/kg), concurrently with tick infection, and 15 Group 2 (control group) calves were untreated. There were no significant differences (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) in mean parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV) or bodyweight between the toltrazuril treated and untreated groups at any timepoint up to Day 64 after infection, apart from a higher mean PCV for the toltrazuril treated group at Day 20. In this study, the calves treated with a single oral dose of toltrazuril (15 mg/kg) at the time of infection were not prevented from becoming infected with oriental theileriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 6","pages":"322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigid maxillomandibular fixation using a novel technique involving unbonded polymethylmethacrylate canine tooth moulds and interarch wiring for maxillomandibular trauma in three cats","authors":"K Goggin,&nbsp;S Snelling","doi":"10.1111/avj.13398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mandibular and maxillary fractures are common in small animals and present significant challenges for repair due to the intricate anatomical features involved. This retrospective case series describes a technique for achieving rigid open mouth maxillomandibular fixation using interarch wiring while maintaining correct alignment between the upper and lower teeth with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) moulds of the canine teeth for treating maxillomandibular fractures in cats. The study includes a description of the postoperative outcomes and complications encountered. The surgical technique successfully achieved anatomical dental occlusion and restored jaw function in all three cats. The implants were well tolerated, with only minor complications such as mild ptyalism and temporary tongue protrusion. No intraoperative complications occurred, and all three cats resumed normal hard food consumption after implant removal. This study provides initial evidence that the use of rostral interarch wiring combined with PMMA canine tooth moulds can result in clinical union and normal occlusion, given appropriate surgical case selection. This technique is simple to perform, requires minimal inventory and can be implemented in clinical settings where thorough anatomical planning is conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal split fracture of the lateral malleolus causing tarsocrural subluxation in a Siberian Husky","authors":"JM Kolichis","doi":"10.1111/avj.13393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 4-year-old Siberian Husky was referred for bilateral hock trauma after being involved in a road traffic accident. The dog sustained a grade 3 shearing injury to the medial right hock with tibiotarsal subluxation, which was managed with a transarticular frame. The left hock sustained a rare open longitudinal split fracture of the lateral malleolus, resulting in lateral tarsocrural instability. The fracture was repaired directly with cross pins and a figure-of-eight tension band wire, which restored joint congruency and stability. All implants were removed after 8 weeks. The dog had a good functional outcome at 8-month follow-up. Based on a search of the veterinary literature, this is the first published report of such a lateral malleolar fracture configuration in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same story, different endings: clinical course and outcomes of two dogs treated differently for delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage 20 h after eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation","authors":"HY Mak,&nbsp;S Hardjo","doi":"10.1111/avj.13412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report presents the clinical course and outcomes of two dogs that were treated differently upon recognition of respiratory distress due to delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage (DFPH) 20 h after eastern brown snake envenomation. Two dogs from the same household were likely envenomated at the same time. Pulmonary haemorrhage was diagnosed based on pleural and lung ultrasound, decreasing packed cell volume and haemoptysis. Case 1 received a total of 7000 units of brown snake antivenom within the first 10 h after envenomation. The dog developed severe respiratory distress and anaemia approximately 20 h after envenomation. A decision to administer fresh whole blood was made, however, a marked deterioration in clinical signs occurred during the acquisition of blood. The dog was euthanased due to hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Case 2 received similar treatment to case 1 before DFPH. Case 2 developed moderate pleural effusion along with pulmonary haemorrhage after hospital admission. The dog was noticed to have respiratory distress approximately 1 h after case 1. Fresh frozen plasma was administered within 30 min, followed by packed red blood cells and autotransfusion, and the dog survived. These two cases are used as a foundation to discuss the pathophysiology of DFPH and its relation to the clinical signs. Furthermore, retrospective analysis of diagnostics and alternative approaches proposed, may assist clinicians in early recognition and optimal treatment of DFPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban","authors":"C Simpson,&nbsp;M Baranger-Ete,&nbsp;J Leung,&nbsp;K Worthing,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-year-old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. We posit that ischaemia due to ATE allowed dormant clostridial spores in the left hindlimb to germinate and multiply vegetatively, resulting in the elaboration of potent Gram-positive exotoxins, resulting in the clinical syndrome of gas gangrene, with emphysematous change in the affected limb. Samples collected following euthanasia confirmed the presumptive diagnosis, and <i>Clostridium haemolyticum</i> was isolated after prolonged anaerobic broth culture. The authors propose that benzyl penicillin be given intravenously to cats with ATE as bacterial prophylaxis to prevent this unusual but devastating sequela developing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat","authors":"A Teh,&nbsp;J Robertson,&nbsp;SL Donahoe,&nbsp;T Crighton,&nbsp;S Boyd,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the “leprosy-like” diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing <i>Mycobacteria</i> spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the <i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i> complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity. This report describes a case of widely disseminated mycobacteriosis in a 10-year-old American Shorthair cat with an atypical multi-organ distribution including rarely documented thyroid gland involvement. The cat presented for a chronic history of inappetence and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large mass on the left kidney, and an aspirate (FNA) from this mass showed abundant negative-staining bacilli which were confirmed to be acid-fast with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining. This was consistent with a mycobacterial aetiology. Necropsy revealed mycobacterial granulomas and/or granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, spleen, lungs and left mandibular lymph node, with abundant intralesional acid-fast bacilli in all these tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture on samples of all affected tissues were positive for <i>M. avium</i>. Collectively, the findings are consistent with disseminated mycobacteriosis due to <i>M. avium</i> with atypical distribution of lesions. Very likely, the cat had underlying immunodeficiency of undetermined cause, exacerbated by the administration of depot corticosteroid.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}