Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Probable sepsis-associated encephalopathy as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in a cat with pyothorax.","authors":"C C Chan, C R Sharp, C J Boyd","doi":"10.1111/avj.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat with bacterial pyothorax was referred to a tertiary hospital for treatment of sepsis. He met criteria for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and developed new-onset neurological dysfunction subsequent to the development of sepsis. Neurological changes included generalised seizures, coma and proprioceptive and cranial nerve deficits. The cat additionally had pulmonary, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Diagnostic findings included a normal brain MRI and a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total cell count (0.6 cells/μL, reference interval 0-8 cells/μL) with a relative increase in neutrophils (35%) and mast cells (31%). Exclusion of other aetiologies and a consistent clinical progression prompted a diagnosis of probable sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Treatment followed guideline recommendations for sepsis, including prompt broad-spectrum intravenous antimicrobial therapy, source control, intravenous fluid therapy and vasoactive agents to normalise perfusion, mechanical ventilation, and support for other organ dysfunctions. Treatment for seizures included multiple anticonvulsant medications (midazolam, levetiracetam, propofol and phenobarbital). The cat had a good long-term functional outcome; however, generalised seizures persisted up to 2 years post-discharge. This is the first report of a syndrome of neurological dysfunction in a cat consistent with SAE in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive bias in veterinary clinical decision-making: Antemortem misdiagnosis of suspected giant kidney worm (Dioctophyme renale) in Australia.","authors":"T M Clark, J Šlapeta, L Sullivan, R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 10-year-old male neutered Rottweiler was referred for evaluation of suspected Dioctophyme renale infection following haematuria, lethargy, coughing and passage of a worm-like structure in the urine. The presumptive diagnosis was strongly influenced by the referring veterinarian's prior experience with D. renale in an endemic region. Diagnostic imaging identified left renal abnormalities including hydronephrosis, a dilated ureter containing a tubular intraluminal structure and multiple tubular structures within the urinary bladder; these observations further reinforced the initial clinical impression. However, several key findings, including the absence of ova on urinalysis and the presence of a discrete renal mass with disseminated nodules, were inconsistent with dioctophymosis; 'these were underweighted in clinical reasoning. Rapid clinical deterioration and evidence of extensive multisystemic disease led to euthanasia. Postmortem examination revealed metastatic renal haemangiosarcoma (epithelioid variant), and the presumed nematodes' were confirmed to be ureteral blood casts. This case illustrates how cognitive biases can influence diagnostic reasoning, particularly in unfamiliar epidemiological contexts. It highlights the importance of systematic reassessment of differential diagnosis, integration of local disease prevalence and critical appraisal of initial impressions to mitigate diagnostic error in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel small animal ovariohysterectomy training model improves veterinary students' surgical times.","authors":"C J Joonè, W Foyle, J Beasley, D Wilson","doi":"10.1111/avj.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel, low-cost ovariohysterectomy (OVH) training model on surgical times recorded for final-year veterinary students performing live canine and feline OVH. The training model provides focused practice on a segment of the OVH procedure that is typically challenging for students: the exteriorisation of an ovary with clamping and ligation of the ovarian pedicle. At James Cook University, surgical times are recorded as part of routine patient care and include the time from the start of an abdominal incision to exteriorisation of a uterine horn, the time taken to ligate both ovarian pedicles and the uterine body, the time taken to complete abdominal closure and the total procedure time. For this study, surgical times recorded during canine and feline OVHs performed by a full-year cohort of students trained before the introduction of the OVH model (Pre-model group; n = 79 students) were compared to a full-year cohort trained after the introduction of the OVH model (Post-model group, n = 80 students). All surgical times recorded for canine OVH were significantly reduced in the Post-model group compared to the Pre-model group. For feline OVH, surgical times were similar, except for a significant reduction in the time taken to ligate both ovarian pedicles and the uterine body in the Post-model group. An unanticipated finding was significant improvements in surgical times for successive students performing canine OVH over the course of each cohort's year, likely a reflection of developing student competence and confidence across the clinical year.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical appraisal of the safety of bedinvetmab (Beransa), a canine antinerve growth factor monoclonal antibody.","authors":"X Yang, P Macarthur","doi":"10.1111/avj.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical scenario: </strong>Canine osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and is one of the most common chronic conditions in dogs and other species. The management of OA remains a longstanding focus in veterinary medicine. Traditionally, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the first-line treatment option for canine OA. Recently, bedinvetmab, a canine-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the nerve growth factor (NGF), has been added as a pain management option for canine OA.</p><p><strong>Clinical question: </strong>Is monthly bedinvetmab injection safe in dogs over 12 months old with OA compared with other interventions?</p><p><strong>Summary of key findings: </strong>Four articles met the inclusion criteria of a structured literature search and investigated adverse events (AEs) associated with bedinvetmab. Two studies investigated a 3-month treatment period and did not find an increase in AEs associated with bedinvetmab in comparison with the placebo control group. The third study compared the safety of bedinvetmab to meloxicam in a 2-month treatment period, where bedinvetmab was found to have fewer associated AEs. The fourth study conducted a disproportionality analysis, and the musculoskeletal AEs were reported significantly more frequently in bedinvetmab-treated dogs than other traditional therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Summary of appraisal: </strong>There is conflicting evidence regarding the safety of bedinvetmab, though stronger evidence supported the safety of bedinvetmab when administered for under 3 months.</p><p><strong>Future research: </strong>Future research should investigate the long-term safety of bedinvetmab and incorporate radiographic imaging pre- and post-treatment to monitor unusual joint changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of the equine abdomen using point of care ultrasound (POCUS): Effects of sedation on intestinal motility in horses.","authors":"F Freccero, B Padalino, A Carstens, S L Raidal","doi":"10.1111/avj.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Point of care ultrasonographic (POCUS) assessment of the equine abdomen is now readily available to the equine practitioner using hand-held ultrasound transducers. Commonly used medications may alter the sonographic appearance or function of the small intestine, caecum or colon.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To demonstrate qualitative and quantitative effects of xylazine sedation on intestinal motility of healthy horses using hand-held, wi-fi ultrasound transducers and validate POCUS methodology by determination of intra- and interobserver agreement.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Double-blind cross-over study of eight healthy horses using hand-held, wi-fi ultrasound transducers to determine the effects of sedation on intestinal motility in comparison with administration of a placebo (saline). Motility was independently assessed by three observers using deidentified videos obtained using hand-held, wi-fi ultrasound transducers. Agreement was assessed by determination of intraclass correlation coefficient (number of duodenal contractions) and weighted kappa statistic for motility grades.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Sedation was associated with fewer duodenal contractions (median 0.5, range 0 to 2) after sedation, compared with administration of saline (median 4, range 3 to 5, p < 0.001). Large colon and composite motility grades were also reduced (median 4.5, range 2 to 6 after sedation; median 10, range 7 to 12, after saline, p = 0.005), and qualitative changes were evident in the sonographic appearance of jejunal loops in six of eight horses. Interobserver agreement was moderate to good, and intraobserver agreement was good to excellent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POCUS proved to be an effective tool to recognise qualitative and quantitative changes associated with sedation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"298-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the best treatment for managing chorioptic mange in South American camelids? A critically appraised topic.","authors":"D Banuls, D Combarros, C Pressanti, M-C Cadiergues","doi":"10.1111/avj.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether as pets or livestock, South American camelids (SACs) have grown in popularity in recent decades and are now widespread. Disease management is therefore becoming more important, for productivity and welfare reasons. Very few treatments are currently approved for these species, and none for the treatment of mange. Yet acariases are common in SACs and result in loss of productivity, poor animal welfare and sometimes death. Chorioptic mange is a known therapeutic challenge in several species. The present paper reviews and assesses the published protocols for treating this disease in SACs. No successful protocol was tested in more than one trial. Three treatment protocols demonstrated complete cure in all animals; they concerned 14, two and 25 animals, respectively. All the studies had several weaknesses, most prominently small sample size and unstandardised outcome assessment. Herd sample sizes ranged from two to 50 animals. Due to insufficient evidence, no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Several protocols show promising results; newer options should be tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, patterns and factors of dietary supplement use for pet cats: Insights from an online cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ira Ismail, W Y Yen, F F Ismail, N Othman, Nannm Shapri, Msa Wahab","doi":"10.1111/avj.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dietary supplements (DS) are increasingly used in pet care, yet their use in cats remains underexplored, particularly in Southeast Asia. Understanding owner motivations, usage patterns and perceptions is essential for informing veterinary guidance and regulatory policies. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, usage patterns and associated factors of DS use for pet cats among Malaysian cat owners, while comparing perceptions between users and nonusers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March to April 2024 among Malaysian cat owners aged ≥18 years. A structured, content-validated questionnaire assessed sociodemographics, DS usage, perceptions and decision-making. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with DS use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 352 respondents, 58.0% reported administering DS to their cats, with multivitamins (73.0%), omega-3 fatty acids (37.3%), probiotics (26.5%) and fibre supplements (22.1%) being the most common. Key motivations included health maintenance (81.9%) and disease prevention (62.3%). In multivariate logistic regression, DS use was more likely among female owners, those aged 30-39 years, suburban and urban residents, owners of four or more cats and those who had owned cats for more than 5 years. Veterinarians (68.6%) and social media (64.7%) were major information sources. While most users perceived DS as beneficial and accessible, nonusers cited product quality, safety concerns and cost as major barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DS use for cats is widespread among Malaysian owners, and selected sociodemographic and ownership characteristics are independently associated with use. Nevertheless, concerns about quality, safety and professional oversight persist. Greater regulatory scrutiny, public education and veterinary-pharmacist collaboration are needed to ensure responsible supplement practices and protect feline health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of transversus abdominis plane and superficial serratus block for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy.","authors":"Fav Freitag, E Muehlbauer, A A Ferreira, D K Fairfield, Jhn Soares, Jcm Duque","doi":"10.1111/avj.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of the combined transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and superficial serratus plane (SSP) blocks in dogs undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy.</p><p><strong>Animals and procedure: </strong>A total of 16 client-owned dogs were enrolled. Animals were divided in two groups (n = 8 each) to receive TAP and SSP blocks alone (locoregional anaesthesia, LA) or with meloxicam and methadone (multimodal analgesia, MA). Acepromazine was given as premedication. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale Short Form (CMPS-SF) up to 24 h postextubation. Methadone was used for postoperative rescue analgesia when CMPS-SF scores ≥6/24. Data were analysed accordingly, and results considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative rescue analgesia was required in two and one dogs for LA and MA, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups. The total number of methadone administrations was 3 for LA and 1 for MA. Rescue analgesia was required at 6- and 1-hour post extubating for LA and MA, respectively. The CMPS-SF did not vary between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TAP-SSP blocks used alone or in combination with meloxicam and methadone, provided postoperative analgesia for 6 to 24 hours in dogs undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Local anaesthesia was successful in providing postoperative pain management for at least 6 h after mastectomy in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tyranny of Distance: Mapping the accessibility of veterinary services in Australia using geospatial modelling.","authors":"B D Orr, D Pukallus","doi":"10.1111/avj.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The accessibility of veterinary services, particularly in rural and regional areas, has been a topic of international discussion for some time. Little is known about the current distribution and accessibility of veterinary services in Australia. This study aimed to find out what parts of Australia are affected by veterinary 'care deserts' to help better inform the current debate.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Open geospatial datasets and open-source tools were used to model accessibility to veterinary services across Australia. Veterinary Service Locations were compiled from Overture Maps and augmented via the Google Places Application Programming Interface (API). Travel-time isochrones were generated with Valhalla using OpenStreetMap roads, and population exposure was assessed using GHSL data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterinary services were found to be geographically inaccessible to more than 250,000 Australians. The Northern Territory was the worst affected jurisdiction, with more than 20% of the population not having access to a veterinary clinic. Rural and regional suburbs were overrepresented as having veterinary care deserts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inaccessible veterinary services is a human equity issue, as well as an animal health and welfare concern. Poor veterinary coverage in rural and regional areas increases the risk of disease outbreaks and leads to preventable diseases and deaths in animals. Innovative solutions are required to improve veterinary services in Australia's care deserts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145817658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance trends cultured from respiratory, ear, dental and nasolacrimal duct infections in rabbits (2018-2024): 74 isolates.","authors":"A Berry, M L Cowan, A Lam, K K Patel, I Sladakovic","doi":"10.1111/avj.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As rabbits become increasingly popular pets, there is an increase in this species receiving veterinary care, including antimicrobial therapy. To reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to perform culture and susceptibility (C&S) testing. However, empirical antibiotics based on known likely pathogens are often prescribed while C&S is pending or without performing C&S. This study aims to identify the common bacterial organisms isolated from infections involving the head of rabbits and investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of these bacteria. Medical records for all rabbits with C&S testing from ear abscesses, dental abscesses, upper respiratory infections, or nasolacrimal duct infections were examined from two private veterinary hospitals in Sydney, NSW, Australia, between 2018 and 2024. Ninety samples were evaluated, of these samples, 10 were negative, one cultured normal respiratory flora and eight cultured only mixed anaerobes. After excluding these samples and repeat submissions (n = 5), 66 anaerobic and aerobic cultures, isolating 74 bacterium, were available for evaluation. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. 16.2% (12/74), Streptococcus spp. 14.9% (11/74), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13.5% (10/74), Enterobacter spp. 6.8% (5/74) and Escherichia coli 6.8% (5/74). Antimicrobial resistance of these isolates was assessed for penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin and chloramphenicol. High resistance to penicillin was noted among the commonly isolated bacteria, excluding Streptococcus spp. Gram-positive cocci and Escherichia coli demonstrated favourable susceptibility towards TMS and chloramphenicol. Understanding common bacterial pathogens and likely susceptibility patterns is crucial for selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"281-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}