{"title":"Progressive hepatopathy after central division hepatectomy in a dog.","authors":"S J Wood, G L Hosgood, F Coiacetto","doi":"10.1111/avj.13452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consequences of large-volume hepatectomy on the remaining liver in the dog are not documented. This case report documents a progressive hepatopathy after central division hepatectomy in a 10-year-old female Lhasa Apso dog. Serum biochemistry at presentation for chronic urinary incontinence indicated a hepatopathy, with a liver mass identified on subsequent ultrasound. Referral for computed tomography (CT) (day 76) demonstrated a central division liver mass (~204cm<sup>3</sup>). A central division hepatectomy (right medial and quadrate lobes; gallbladder) was performed, with microscopic examination confirming a hepatocellular carcinoma. Serial biochemistry over a three-and-a-half-year follow-up documented progressive hepatopathy. Serial CT hepatic volumetry (day 76, 136, 1041) documented gross enlargement of the residual right lateral liver lobe and gross reduction of the residual left medial and lateral liver lobes. Biopsies of the left and right liver (day 187) demonstrated disparate pathology with microscopic features consistent with regeneration in the right liver and elevated portal vein pressure (PVP) in the left liver. This report documents progressive hepatopathy evidenced by serum biochemistry, disparate and persistent gross liver changes on posthepatectomy CT, and microscopic changes consistent with elevated PVP. Findings from this case demonstrate similarities to posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and small-for-size-and-flow syndrome (SFSS) as reported in people and animal models. The progressive hepatopathy posthepatectomy in this case prompts consideration and further investigation for the development of PHLF and SFSS in the dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time course of clinical signs and mortality in dogs with severe perioperative acute kidney injury: A scoping review.","authors":"C T Quinn","doi":"10.1111/avj.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential cause of anaesthetic mortality in dogs. The time delay between anaesthetic recovery, onset of clinical signs and any subsequent mortality may result in under-recognition of this complication. This review aimed to explore the literature reporting dogs with severe AKI after general anaesthesia and surgery. Firstly, to determine the time course between anaesthesia recovery and onset of clinical signs, and between recovery and any mortality. Secondly, to identify the common clinical signs and signalment of dogs with perioperative AKI. PubMed and CAB abstracts data bases using the terms \"(acute kidney injury OR acute renal failure) AND dog AND (anaesthesia OR surgery)\"; and ResearchRabbit were searched. Peer reviewed publications in English describing dogs that developed AKI with overt clinical signs after anaesthesia were included. Number of postoperative days until onset of clinical signs and death; along with signalment and the reported clinical signs leading to AKI diagnosis were extracted. Nine publications describing a total of 31 dogs were included in the review. Clinical signs were typically first seen 2-4 days postoperatively (range 1-14). Death/euthanasia occurred in 5 dogs; between 3 and 60 days postoperatively. Persistent renal dysfunction occurred in 4 survivors. The most common clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, polyuria/polydipsia and vomiting. Female and larger breed dogs especially Labradors and Golden Retrievers were overrepresented. Knowledge of this time course may improve postoperative monitoring and recognition of perioperative AKI in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors related to resilience for mid- to late-career-stage veterinarians: a qualitative study.","authors":"I F van Gelderen, S M Matthew, M L McArthur","doi":"10.1111/avj.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to explore how resilience in mid- to late-career stage veterinarians in Australia is shaped by interactions between job demands, personal and contextual resources, strategies and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semistructured interviews with 17 mid- to late-career stage veterinarians were conducted with questions modelled on prior research investigating veterinarians' experiences, teacher well-being and resilience. The Job Demands-Resources model guided thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mid- to late-career stage veterinarians described how resilience is shaped by interactions between (1) demands of the job, (2) resources available, (3) strategies used and (4) resilience outcomes. Job demands and job resources categories were sub-divided into four and seven themes respectively according to whether characteristics were based on personal or contextual factors. Strategies were grouped into seven themes representing intentional ways that veterinarians made effective use of resources. Three themes in the Outcomes category represented positive outcomes that were enabled through dynamic interaction between demands, resources and strategies undertaken to realise outcomes.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study did not explore relationships between perceptions of resilience and veterinary work type, practice location, age or gender. Interviews were conducted before the global COVID-19 pandemic, and results do not reflect any associated psychological impacts from that event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resilience in mid- to late-career veterinarians is a dynamic process driven by the interplay of demands, resources, intentional actions and outcomes. Although personal resources can be developed over time, job demands are largely contextual. Effective management practices can mitigate challenges and foster resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Wilson, P Whiteley, A Stent, F Stockman, F Elloy, E C Hobbs, V G Astudillo, Kvf Jubb, P Loukopoulos
{"title":"Causes of mortality in koalas autopsied at the University of Melbourne.","authors":"L Wilson, P Whiteley, A Stent, F Stockman, F Elloy, E C Hobbs, V G Astudillo, Kvf Jubb, P Loukopoulos","doi":"10.1111/avj.13451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the causes of mortality in koalas autopsied at the University of Melbourne based on the retrospective analysis of autopsy reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The autopsy reports of 239 koalas examined at the University of Melbourne from 1970 to 2023 were reviewed to determine which of the comorbidities present was the primary cause to which death could be attributed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infectious disease (62 cases) including presumptive chlamydiosis (38 cases), emaciation (38 cases) and trauma (35) were the leading cause of mortality. Death was attributed to other causes in 89 cases, whereas the cause was not definitively determined in 39. Twenty-six different causes of death were identified overall. Presumptive chlamydiosis was the greatest single disease to cause mortality, primarily due to the increased likelihood of leading to euthanasia. Traumatic causes included motor vehicle accidents (16 cases), animal attacks (all from dogs; 5 cases) and malicious acts (1 case). Emaciation resulting in death was attributed to senescence (9), sarcoptic mange (7), starvation (6) and dental disease (6). Sarcoptic mange caused mortality, with or without emaciation, in 16 cases. There was one case each of congenital abdominal hernia, cardiomyopathy, burns and ivermectin toxicosis, and two of oxalate nephropathy. Neoplasms were the cause of mortality in 12 koalas and included five female reproductive tract neoplasms and, importantly, only two lymphomas, in contrast with previous studies in which lymphoma is the most prevalent neoplasm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the most comprehensive data analysis of mortality amongst Victorian koalas, and one of the few autopsy studies on koalas. Infectious disease including presumptive chlamydiosis, emaciation and trauma were the leading causes of mortality amongst koalas submitted for autopsy at this institution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inducing emesis in Australian dogs and cats: agents, adverse effects and antiemetic administration.","authors":"J Tsitonakis, E Hall, A Quain","doi":"10.1111/avj.13449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the agents used by Australian veterinarians in inducing emesis in dogs and cats, adverse effects and antiemetic administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online mixed-methods survey incorporating closed and open-ended questions was distributed to Australian veterinarians via e-newsletters and social media between April and June 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 317 valid responses, 316 respondents induced emesis in a dog (99.7%) and 128 (40.4%) induced emesis in a cat in the previous 12 months. The most common protocols were subcutaneous injection of apomorphine (n = 310/316, 98.1%) for dogs and intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine or medetomidine (n = 79/128, 61.7%) for cats. Respondents reported significantly reduced success (n = 74/128, 57.8%) inducing emesis in cats compared with dogs (n = 312/316, 98.7%) (P ≤ 0.001). Sedation was the most reported adverse effect for both species. The subconjunctival route of apomorphine was found to significantly increase the risk of adverse effects in dogs, compared with the subcutaneous route (P = 0.03). Antiemetics were more frequently administered to dogs than cats. Univariable logistical regression analysis revealed that veterinarians with fewer than 5 years' experience were significantly more likely to use an antiemetic drug when inducing vomiting in dogs (P = 0.05) compared with veterinarians with 31 or more years of experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings enable clinicians to benchmark practices against those of their peers, characterise adverse effects associated with emesis induction and refine their technique to improve patient welfare. A more reliable means of inducing emesis in cats is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C El-Hage, T Chen, L Tatarczuch, J Hufschmid, L F Skerratt, P Whiteley, N Davis, R Ploeg
{"title":"Characterisation of localised pigment accumulation in brains of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) after clinical disease due to chronic Phalaris species toxicosis.","authors":"C El-Hage, T Chen, L Tatarczuch, J Hufschmid, L F Skerratt, P Whiteley, N Davis, R Ploeg","doi":"10.1111/avj.13448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A progressive tremorgenic syndrome characterised by ataxia and head nodding is well documented in sheep and cattle affected by chronic Phalaris toxicosis (CPT), and is increasingly documented in the eastern grey kangaroo {(EGK), Macropus giganteus} in southeastern Australia. It is characterised on gross necropsy by areas of acquired localised pigment deposits within the brain. This pigment was previously considered a storage disease, but more recently has been determined to be a metabolic breakdown product of tryptamine alkaloids within Phalaris species (spp) of introduced grasses. The study included 61 EGKs that were euthanased after a diagnosis of clinically advanced CPT, histopathological studies were performed on all cases and transmission electron microscopic studies on six brains. Histological examination of the brains from EGKs revealed brown pigmentation of neurons, particularly of large motor neurons, with accumulations of discrete granules in the cytoplasm that stained positive with stains used to identify melanin. This feature and the characteristic ultrastructural appearance of the pigment granules leaves little doubt that the pigment is primarily melanin in nature. Specifically, ultrastructural detail of the granules was consistent with neuromelanin present in the brains of higher order primates and humans and has been associated with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases in man including Parkinson's disease. Given greater urbanisation and reduced access to native pasture a greater understanding of pathogenesis of CPT is of major importance not only for kangaroo welfare but potentially as a model for neurodegenerative diseases in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Gerber, J A Picard, J Elliman, C J Joone, Y Indrawirawan, C C Constantinoiu
{"title":"Prevalence of vector-borne pathogens Ehrlichia canis, Babesia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Townsville, far north Queensland.","authors":"K Gerber, J A Picard, J Elliman, C J Joone, Y Indrawirawan, C C Constantinoiu","doi":"10.1111/avj.13450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ehrlichia canis, Babesia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis are blood-borne pathogens transmitted to dogs by arthropods. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of E. canis, Babesia spp. and D. immitis in domestic dogs, aged 6 months or older, in Townsville, in far north Queensland, Australia. Dogs were recruited through convenience sampling, with the assistance of local veterinary clinics and James Cook University staff and students. Up to 3 ml of blood was collected per dog, into EDTA vacutainer tubes. Testing for E. canis and Babesia spp. was performed through qPCR, with a second PCR used to identify the species in Babesia-positive cases. Testing for D. immitis was performed using a commercial antigen detection kit and the modified Knott's test (MKT); microfilariae identity was confirmed by morphological features and qPCR. Of 301 dogs sampled, none tested positive for E. canis, whereas 9 (3.0%, 95% CI 1.1-4.9%) tested positive for Babesia vogeli, and 15 (5.0%; 95% CI 2.5-7.5%) tested positive for D. immitis, based on the combined antigen and MKT results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thoracic radiographic findings of canine spirocercosis in Australia","authors":"P Thong, B Hopper, G Tenni, Z Lenard","doi":"10.1111/avj.13447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Canine spirocercosis in Australia has been poorly described in the veterinary literature. The objectives of this multicentre retrospective case series were to increase the awareness of veterinarians (including teleradiology providers) regarding <i>Spirocerca lupi</i> in Australia and to describe the thoracic radiographic findings of dogs infected with <i>S. lupi</i> with comparison to other endemic regions. Fifty-nine dogs with a diagnosis of canine spirocercosis were recruited from veterinary practices located in subtropical and tropical Australia. Many (54/59; 92%) originated from Mount Isa, Queensland, due to proactive screening. Thoracic radiographs identified 42 oesophageal masses in 35/59 (59%) of affected dogs. Identification of oesophageal masses was nearly always facilitated by oesophageal gaseous distension after gastro-oesophageal endoscopy, sedation or anaesthesia (33/35, 94%). Oesophageal masses were most frequently centred at T8. Where the aorta was visualised, aortic enlargement was detected in 17/42 (40%) dogs. Spondylitis was frequently detected (32/59; 54%) and most frequently located at T8-11. Spondylosis deformans was less frequently detected (14/59; 24%) but in 7/14 (50%) studies it was present concurrently with spondylitis. Spondylitis had varied morphological features, some of which were contrary to previously reported definitions. Despite this, the radiographic appearance of spondylitis allowed relatively reliable differentiation from spondylosis deformans and added significant confidence to the radiographic diagnosis of spirocercosis. Pleural effusion (5/59; 8%) was the most frequent additional radiographic finding. In conclusion, thoracic radiographic findings of canine spirocercosis in Australia are similar to other endemic regions and <i>S. lupi</i> is present in multiple regions of Australia not previously reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 6","pages":"354-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Teh, R Crisman, E Dwars, R Malik, L H de Miranda, W Meyer, M Krockenberger
{"title":"Cryptococcal meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans VNI in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with progressive neurological disease.","authors":"A Teh, R Crisman, E Dwars, R Malik, L H de Miranda, W Meyer, M Krockenberger","doi":"10.1111/avj.13446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly all cases of cryptococcosis in koalas are caused by Cryptococcus gattii species complex. A rare case of meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans VNI/AFLP1 (abbreviated VNI) is described in a koala with nasal colonisation by both species complexes. An eight-year-old koala in a wildlife park presented for seizures and returned a positive latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test. The koala was euthanased due to the severity of disease, and a post-mortem computed tomography study showed mild mucosal thickening of the right nasal turbinates. The necropsy also showed slightly turbid cisternal cerebrospinal fluid and meningeal opacity. Histology revealed severe granulomatous cryptococcal meningitis and paucireactive right cryptococcal rhinitis. Fungal cultures yielded heavy pure growths of C. neoformans from the brain and spinal cord, and comparable heavy growths of both C. neoformans and C. gattii from the nasal cavity. Cryptococcus species complexes were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The C. neoformans isolates from the brain, spinal cord and nasal cavity were identical by MLST and classified as sequencing type (ST) 23 and molecular type (MT) VNI. The C. gattii isolates were classified as ST 51 and AFLP4/VGI (abbreviated VGI). This suggests that the meningitis developed as an extension of C. neoformans VNI from nasal cavity colonisation. This is the second documented case of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis due to C. neoformans species complex in a koala and the first in Australia. Despite heavy nasal colonisation by C. gattii, only the C. neoformans isolate progressed to meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishing updated haematological and biochemical reference intervals for urban brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in Australia.","authors":"C Marschner, A Geisler-Edge, Y Chao, N Courtman","doi":"10.1111/avj.13444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reference intervals (RIs) or reference ranges are crucial tools in clinical practice and research, aiding in the interpretation of laboratory test results by providing values expected in a healthy population. This paper provides haematology and biochemistry reference intervals and ranges established from a population of urban brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) captured for health assessment on Sydney University campus, Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}