Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Single-dose Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni autogenous vaccines administered at induction significantly improved feedlot cattle performance and profitability in Australia.","authors":"G M Werid, T Batterham, L O'Meara, K Petrovski, W S Pitchford, D J Trott","doi":"10.1111/avj.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically important disease affecting feedlot cattle. While viral pathogens are initiating agents, bacterial coinfections exacerbate disease severity. Vaccines for Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni are not commercially available in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This trial evaluated the efficacy of a single-dose autogenous vaccine targeting P. multocida and H. somni, administered intramuscularly at induction, on carcase characteristics, feed conversion efficiency and health performance in feedlot cattle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccinated cattle showed a 6.20% lower prevalence of subclinical BRD than controls (16.50% vs. 22.70%), corresponding to a 27.31% lower likelihood of subclinical BRD with vaccination. Vaccinated cattle exhibited improved performance, with a 2.86% increase in average daily gain, a 0.50% increase in hot standard carcase weight, a 0.81% increase in loin eye muscle area and a 2.68% increase in dry matter intake compared with controls. Vaccinated cattle showed lower odds of lung consolidation compared with controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73), indicating a 27.00% reduction in the likelihood of consolidation. Similarly, vaccinated cattle showed a 35.50% reduction in pleurisy scores relative to controls (OR = 0.65). Despite slightly higher feedlot costs, vaccinated cattle achieved a higher total end value and higher gross profit margins with a cost-benefit ratio of 6.95.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the overall reduced BRD incidence during the study period, the observed results may be influenced by pathogen prevalence, vaccine dosage, timing, route of administration and environmental factors. While the single-dose vaccine improved subclinical disease outcomes and growth performance, further studies, including a two-dose vaccine trial, are required to assess the full potential of the anamnestic immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant thymic tissue as a cause of hypercalcaemia in a cat.","authors":"L Pham, J Y Park, M Curnow, H Teh","doi":"10.1111/avj.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 2-year-old female spayed British Shorthair cat presented for investigation of chronic small intestinal diarrhoea, which was determined to be attributable to ionised hypercalcaemia. A cranial mediastinal mass was identified on computed tomography; median sternotomy was performed, and the mediastinal mass was excised. Histopathology, including immunohistochemistry, diagnosed the mediastinal mass as being remnant thymic tissue. Subsequent follow-up 10 months postoperatively showed restoration of normocalcaemia and concurrent resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case to report remnant thymic tissue as a cause of hypercalcaemia. This case report aims to describe the clinical presentation, computed tomography description, histopathological findings and treatment outcome of a thymic remnant causing hypercalcaemia in a cat.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High flow nasal oxygen therapy after mechanical ventilation in dogs with tick paralysis: a case series.","authors":"Cad Morris, W Z Lim, R E Donaldson","doi":"10.1111/avj.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five dogs diagnosed with and treated for Ixodes holocyclus tick paralysis were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation (MV) to high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT). All dogs were mechanically ventilated primarily for hypoventilation for a median time of 80 h (36-113 h). Concurrent conditions included aspiration pneumonia (n = 3) and laryngeal paralysis causing upper airway obstruction (n = 3). Median duration of HFNOT was 4 h (0.5-24 h) before either de-escalation to traditional oxygen therapy (TOT) or discontinuation from oxygen support. Reported complications included superficial corneal ulceration (n = 2), thrombophlebitis (n = 2), gastric ileus (n = 3), urinary tract infection (n = 2) and postventilator seizures (n = 1); however, none were associated with HFNOT. One dog developed a pneumothorax during MV, which was managed with continuous suction via bilateral thoracostomy drains but was not noted to progress with HFNOT. Nasal prong placement was well tolerated in all but one dog, requiring transition to TOT after 1 h of HFNOT. All dogs survived to discharge. Although not recommended in the initial management of hypoventilation, in this case series HFNOT was successfully used as a weaning strategy for dogs ventilated with recoverable neuromuscular disease. This is the first reported use of HFNOT after MV in dogs, specifically with tick paralysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis in dogs in a remote community in the Northern Territory, Australia.","authors":"E Shepherdson, K Doust, J H Hoopes, A D Barbosa, J McNeill","doi":"10.1111/avj.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of Ehrlichia canis in northern Australia in 2020 has reshaped the landscape of tick-borne diseases in dogs, particularly in rural and remote communities where the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus linnaei) is endemic. Despite the rapid spread of ehrlichiosis and reported impacts on dog health, its prevalence remains poorly understood. This study aims to provide baseline data on the epidemiology of E. canis in Australia by determining its seroprevalence in dogs from a remote Northern Territory community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assessed the point seroprevalence of E. canis in community dogs. A door-to-door census was undertaken to quantify resident dogs and obtain information on signalment and clinical signs. Canine serum samples were evaluated for seroreactivity to E. canis at the state reference laboratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 48 dogs present in the community, 44 (91.2%) were included in the serosurvey. ELISA testing found a point seroprevalence of 52.3% (95% CI: 36.7% to 67.5%) for E. canis. Seropositive dogs were mostly asymptomatic and had similar body condition scores to seronegative dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study documents a high point seroprevalence of E. canis in dogs from a remote Australian community. There was no significant correlation between serostatus and gender, body condition or the presence of clinical signs. These results underscore the need for further research to understand the clinical significance of seropositivity in asymptomatic dogs and highlight the need for a locally validated diagnostic test to support field-based surveillance and management of ehrlichiosis in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invisible variables: how erythrocytes and leukocytes define platelet-rich plasma efficacy in veterinary medicine.","authors":"K Sharun, S A Banu","doi":"10.1111/avj.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic area of large intestinal sand accumulation in horses may determine clinical significance.","authors":"I G Entwisle, D P Byrne, G D Lester, E J McConnell","doi":"10.1111/avj.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sand enteropathy is a common disease in horses worldwide. The presence of sand does not always cause disease. The amount of sand required to cause clinical disease is not well established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a weight-indexed cut-off for the diagnosis of clinically relevant sand enteropathy based on radiographic area.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Abdominal radiographs were acquired from clinically normal horses and compared with horses with clinical sand enteropathy. Sand area and sand area per kilogram of body weight were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to differentiate groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy clinically normal horses and 57 sand enteropathy cases were included. Median sand area in control horses was 1 cm² per 100 kg (interquartile range 0-6 cm² per 100 kg), and in sand enteropathy horses was 118 cm² per 100 kg (interquartile range 83-180 cm² per 100 kg). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that using a cut-off of 21 cm² per 100 kg had a sensitivity of 98.25% (CI 90.71%-99.1%) and a specificity of 92.54% (CI 83.69%-96.77%) for a diagnosis of clinical sand enteropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A weight-based cut-off of >21 cm² per 100 kg for the diagnosis of sand enteropathy was determined with excellent sensitivity and good specificity. This may aid in determining if the amount of sand accumulation in a horse is of clinical consequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of intravenous mixed micelle phytomenadione (vitamin K1) and traditional therapies for the treatment of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in dogs and cats: a retrospective study.","authors":"G Agostini, E T Mooney, Elw Wilkie, J D White","doi":"10.1111/avj.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ingestion of anticoagulant rodenticide is among the most common toxicoses seen in dogs and cats. Current treatment protocols in veterinary patients recommend the use of plasma-containing blood products to replenish clotting factors. Intravenous mixed-micelle phytomenadione (MMP) represents a safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional therapy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Description of the use of MMP as a treatment for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis, focusing on the incidence of adverse reactions and restoration of coagulation times. Duration of hospitalisation, cost of treatment and need for red blood cell-containing products were compared between two cohorts of patients receiving MMP and traditional therapy with blood products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective search of electronic medical records from two Australian emergency and referral hospitals for patients treated for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis between July 2021 and July 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>74 animals (71 dogs, 3 cats) were treated for anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis within the study period. 44 dogs comprised the \"control\" group, and 27 dogs and 3 cats comprised the \"MMP\" group. One dog was excluded from each group. There was no difference in survival to discharge between groups (P = 0.28). No adverse reactions to MMP were recorded. Dogs within the \"control\" group were significantly more likely to receive fresh frozen plasma (FFP), there was no difference in requirement for red blood cell-containing products between groups (P = 1). Animals in the MMP group had significantly shorter hospitalisation time when compared with the control group (P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on red cell transfusion requirements and survival data in this case series, it can be suggested that MMP is a comparable and cost-effective treatment alternative for clinical anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Haematology and plasma biochemistry reference intervals in wild bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/avj.13457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that influence the decision to release rehabilitated koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) to fire-affected home sites.","authors":"D Hill, D P Higgins","doi":"10.1111/avj.13413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study appraises recent research to critically evaluate knowledge on the factors that influence decisions around the release of rehabilitated koalas to fire-affected home sites. Availability of koala release sites could be compromised at times in the future by the increasing incidence of large and intense bushfires due to climate change. In addition, factors such as the fragmentation of koala habitat and increasing urbanisation impose other threats to the long-term survival of the released koala. Our investigation is conducted as a Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) with eight papers selected to be appraised. We highlight three key areas that affect koala rehabilitation and release to fire-affected home sites - the resilience of the koala in recovery, the adaptation ability of the koala upon release and the components of the fire-affected habitat. The evidence shows that the koala is a good candidate for release given that burnt koalas are resilient in rehabilitation and many can recover and then adapt quickly to their release site. Findings from this study indicate that, when the release site is affected by fire, the conditions that are more favourable for koala release are low severity of fire impact, greater distance from urban areas, connection to unfragmented habitat and previous management of predators. These findings can inform wildlife release and rescue as well as government planning and urban development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"464-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic factors in bushfire-affected koalas-Kangaroo Island bushfire response 2020.","authors":"O Funnell, J McLelland, A Kokosinska, T Stephenson, E Dunstan, B Turner, N Speight","doi":"10.1111/avj.13434","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a retrospective analysis of clinical records data from koalas presenting for treatment following the large-scale bushfire event on Kangaroo Island 2019-2020. The aim of the study was to identify prognostic factors for koalas affected by bushfire. Koalas (n = 199) were grouped based on their burn status in combination with their burn bandaging requirement at triage; those with no burns, with burns that did not require bandaging and with burns that did require bandaging. Overall, 59.8% of koalas had positive outcomes, but this reduced to only 13% of koalas in the most severely affected group (burns that were bandaged). Negative outcomes were found to be associated with several factors, including the timing of presentation, with the worst affected animals presenting in the first 2 weeks of the operation. Also, an increasing number of bandage changes during hospitalisation led to increasingly negative outcomes, with no positive outcomes beyond three bandage changes. In addition, clear associations were found with patterns of burns on feet, with only 4% positive outcomes for animals with all 4 feet burnt. All bandaged koalas with severe dehydration had negative outcomes and body weights decreased over time for hospitalised animals from the most severely affected bandaged burn group. Mild serum sodium concentration elevation at triage was the only clinically significant blood abnormality for koalas with bandaged burns. Overall, this study identified key prognostic factors, particularly bandaging requirements and the number of feet burnt, that will enable more effective decision-making at triage and improve animal welfare outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":"453-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}