Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of screw placement order on range of proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment and osteotomy gap formation when using manual reduction during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).","authors":"Lyc Tay, S R Snelling","doi":"10.1111/avj.13396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the optimal first proximal screw position which permits proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment while minimising osteotomy gap formation when a manual reduction technique is used for TPLO in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TPLOs were performed on bone models using Synthes 3.5-mm TPLO implants with a jig but without the use of an anti-rotational pin. The osteotomy was held in manual reduction with pointed reduction forceps placed across the proximal tibial fragment while the first three screws were applied. The first two screws were placed in the non-locking holes of the distal stem of the plate as per manufacturer's screw placement order guidelines. The third screw was placed in one of the three locking screw positions in the head of the plate, denoted as the 'cranial', 'proximal' and 'caudal' screw positions. After the first three screws were placed, the range of possible proximal tibial fragment rotation change (up to 6 mm in each direction) and the resultant cranial and caudal osteotomy gaps were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proximal screw position minimises cranial osteotomy gap formation with negative rotation changes to the proximal tibial fragment. The caudal screw position minimises caudal osteotomy gap formation with positive rotation changes to the proximal tibial fragment. Rotation change had a greater effect on cranial osteotomy gaps compared to caudal osteotomy gaps. The cranial screw position had the most limited osteotomy rotation change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proximal screw position should be placed first in the head of the plate to allow proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment while minimising osteotomy gap formation when using a manual reduction technique when performing a TPLO.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospiral infection in domestic mares in North Queensland.","authors":"A L Alayil, P F Horwood, B Gummow, J A Picard, C J Joone","doi":"10.1111/avj.13395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospira species are found worldwide, favouring tropical regions, and infect a wide range of animal species. Although renal persistence in infected individuals and excretion in urine is thought to be the primary mechanism of disease transmission, recent reports have suggested that persistence in the reproductive tract may be a feature in certain species, including the horse. The aim of this study was to investigate leptospiral infection, particularly within the reproductive tract, in healthy, non-breeding mares. Serum and endometrial swab samples were collected from 50 mares from the James Cook University Teaching Animal Herd, as well as, where possible, free-catch urine (n = 19). Sera were screened for antibodies to 24 Leptospira serovars, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Endometrial and urine samples underwent real-time PCR testing, targeting the leptospiral rrs gene. Overall, the seroprevalence of leptospirosis was 48% (95% CI: 34%-62%), with serovars Arborea, Bratislava and Australis detected most frequently. PCR positive results were obtained from 1 of 50 (2%) endometrial swabs and 2 of 19 (11%) urine samples. This is the first report of serovar Bratislava in horses in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of perioperative mortality in pet rabbits in Australia.","authors":"E G Pieper, J E Carter, S M Firestone, H R Baron","doi":"10.1111/avj.13391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Domestic rabbits have higher perioperative mortality rates (1.39%-4.8%) compared with dogs and cats (0.1%-0.2%), with cardiovascular and respiratory complications reported most. Understanding anaesthetic risk factors is essential to minimise mortality risks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the perioperative mortality risks and risk factors in rabbits undergoing general anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study evaluated 1757 records of rabbits that underwent general anaesthesia with inhaled isoflurane, categorised by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system (January 2019-April 2023). Data were collected on physical characteristics, anaesthetic protocol, airway management and patient outcomes. Potential risk factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression modelling guided by directed acyclic graphs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The perioperative mortality risk was 2.05% (95% CI: 1.39, 2.71). Increased mortality was most associated with poorer health status (ASA score) and non-routine procedures. Following induction of anaesthesia, rabbits with a body mass of less than 1 kg (RR: 7.57, 95% CI: 1.18, 61.2) and Netherland Dwarf rabbits (RR: 23.4, 95% CI: 2.75, 200) were at higher risk. The use of a supraglottic airway device was protective against mortality during anaesthesia compared with endotracheal tubes (RR: 0.27, 95% CI 0, 3.78) and anaesthetic masks (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0, 3.71). Increased mortality was observed with a fentanyl-based protocol compared with a medetomidine-based protocol (RR: 4.62, 95% CI: 0.477, 44.7).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Perioperative mortality was multifactorial, with health status, surgical complexity and physical characteristics representing primary risk factors. Clinicians should choose a suitable anaesthetic protocol, implement effective airway control and follow precautions for brachycephalic rabbit breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations into disease associations with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in lions (Panthera leo) in Australia: a case-control study.","authors":"A Dabydeen, K V Herrin, L Woolfenden, E Hall, M E Westman, J M Norris","doi":"10.1111/avj.13394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a highly mutable retrovirus with numerous species-specific strains, such as those infecting domestic cats (Felis catus, FIV_Fca) and wild populations of nondomestic cats including lions (Panthera leo, FIV_Ple). When FIV_Fca infection manifests as disease in domestic cats, common presentations include lymphadenopathy, lymphoid malignancies, oral cavity disease, immunological dysfunctions and neurological abnormalities. In contrast to domestic cats, there has been little published evidence of direct FIV_Ple disease associations in lions. The objective of the study, therefore, was to conduct a longitudinal case-control comparison of clinical findings and survival analysis of FIV_Ple-infected and FIV_Ple-uninfected captive lions to investigate possible FIV_Ple disease associations in nondomestic felids in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2005 and 2023, 38 lions were recruited from zoos across Australia. Lions had been FIV tested as part of a routine diagnostic service. The 38 lions included in the study comprised 15 FIV-infected (9 males, 6 females) and 23 FIV-uninfected (9 males, 14 females) animals. Lifetime longitudinal clinical histories and clinicopathological data collected by zoos for these lions were interrogated, including survival data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FIV-infected lions were more likely to be reported with lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (fL) (P = 0.015), monocytes (%) (P = 0.023), chloride (mmol/L) (P = 0.016) and phosphate (mmol/L) (P = 0.029), but with a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/L) (P = 0.001) and bicarbonate (mmol/L) (P = 0.035), than FIV-uninfected lions. The disease associations usually seen in domestic cats with FIV infection were not observed in lions, and there was no difference in survival between FIV-infected and FIV-uninfected lions. The main limitation of the study was a small sample size dictated by the number of lions able to be recruited from zoos in Australia over an 18-year period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few differences were found between case and control groups, suggesting that FIV-infected lions did not experience clinicopathological changes that predisposed them to future disease compared with FIV-uninfected lions. Further research will help to determine whether these results are indicative of a general absence of FIV-associated disease in captive lions, or the result of nonpathogenic FIV_Ple subtype(s) present in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joseph O'BRIEN 1927–2022","authors":"P O'Brien,&nbsp;J Grieve,&nbsp;D Moen","doi":"10.1111/avj.13389","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 12","pages":"646-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcome of 73 dogs with iron EDTA molluscicide ingestion in Melbourne, Australia (2013-2019).","authors":"C A Lauinger, L Wright, L Smart","doi":"10.1111/avj.13388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features, treatments and outcomes of dogs with iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) molluscicide ingestion. We aimed to identify potential predictors of serum iron concentration >54 μmol/L; a cut-off recommended for initiating treatment of human iron toxicosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records across four veterinary hospitals (2013-2019) for dogs with known or suspected iron EDTA molluscicide ingestion were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological data, treatment regimens and outcomes. Clinical signs of dogs with serum iron concentrations either below or above a cut-off of 54 μmol/L were compared using Fisher's exact test. Association between serum iron and urine discolouration was tested using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-three dogs were included. The most frequent characteristic was abnormal faeces (n = 47, 64%) as determined by rectal examination, with more dogs that had serum iron >54 μmol/L showing this clinical sign (24/35), compared to dogs with serum iron <54 μmol/L (4/13) (P = 0.025). Clinicopathologic abnormalities included increased base excess (n = 20/49, 20%), hyperglycaemia (n = 13/57, 23%) and hyperlactataemia (n = 12/57, 21%). Fifty-four dogs received deferoxamine chelation (74%), during which 25/42 (60%) dogs had discoloured urine despite all dogs having subsequent iron concentrations <54 μmol/L. Admission serum iron concentration was associated with urine discolouration during hospitalisation (odds ratio 1.046, 95% confidence interval 1.008-1.107, P = 0.011). Sixty-nine dogs (95%) survived to discharge, with 10 dogs (14%) transferred to another veterinarian.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Iron EDTA molluscicide ingestion caused predominantly gastrointestinal clinical signs, and abnormal faeces, as well as urine discolouration during chelation therapy, which may indicate an elevation of serum iron concentration on presentation. Outcome was excellent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of Penicillium chorioretinitis in a Border Collie dog.","authors":"J Wood, A Walsh, M King, A Dutton","doi":"10.1111/avj.13390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic fungal pathogens typically gain entry through a single portal and disseminate to affect multiple body systems. Infections caused by fungal Penicillium species are rare in dogs, and these cases have a poor prognosis. An unknown Penicillium species was isolated from the right eye of a middle-aged Border Collie without evidence of systemic disease. Due to financial limitations, an extensive diagnostic evaluation could not be performed. Histopathology alone failed to identify the specific causative agent; however, fungal culture on aqueous humor provided the definitive diagnosis. This case highlights the advantage of collecting ocular fluids after enucleation to diagnose atypical fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of age on accuracy of advanced imaging modalities in identifying intervertebral disc extrusions in Dachshunds.","authors":"A Giles, A Gal, L Wilson","doi":"10.1111/avj.13387","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to ascertain whether patient age was a significant factor for the accurate identification of compressive intervertebral disc extrusions (IVDE) in Dachshunds using non-contrast computed tomography (CT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis encompassed 150 Dachshunds evaluated for suspected IVDE at a referral hospital in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Each case underwent diagnostic evaluation by CT, either with or without myelography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by surgical intervention for an intervertebral disc extrusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the <9-year dog cohort, 94.7% (71/75) were diagnosed with IVDE via non-contrast CT and proceeded to surgery. In contrast, the ≥9-year dog cohort, only 56% (42/75) were diagnosed via non-contrast CT, with the remaining 44% (33/75) necessitating CT myelography or MRI for diagnosis. The odds of requiring CT myelography or MRI increased 13.95-fold (95% CI, 4.62-42.13) in Dachshunds aged 9 years or older. Furthermore, each additional year of age was associated with a 0.60 increase in the odds of undergoing these advanced imaging modalities (CT myelography or MRI) (95% CI, 0.49-0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age significantly affected the efficacy of non-contrast CT in diagnosing IVDE in Dachshunds. Dogs aged 9 years and above were substantially more likely to require CT myelography or MRI due to the reduced visibility of disc extrusions on non-contrast CT. Veterinarians performing advanced imaging on older Dachshunds for suspected IVDE should be aware of the limitations of non-contrast CT in obtaining an accurate diagnosis and localisation of IVDE, and be prepared to perform either CT myelography or MRI if required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Cervical intervertebral disc disease in 307 small-breed dogs (2000-2021): Breed-characteristic features and disc-associated vertebral instability\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/avj.13386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphoma in two wild tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) in Victoria.","authors":"K J Adriaanse, P H Holz, L Peacock, A Martin, M Curnick, A Stent","doi":"10.1111/avj.13381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma was diagnosed in two wild tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) presented to the Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria. The first case presented with extensive feather loss refractory to treatment. Bacterial and fungal folliculitis and beak and feather disease virus were excluded as primary causes, and the bird was euthanised due to poor response to treatment. Histopathological examination of the skin showed an extensive infiltrate of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes, suggestive of cutaneous lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed >95% of these cells were CD3 positive, consistent with T cell lymphoma. The second case presented debilitated and in poor body condition and was euthanised due to poor prognosis. Histopathological examination revealed extensive infiltrates of pleomorphic mononuclear leucocytes in multiple tissues, suggestive of disseminated lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed 70%-80% of these leucocytes were Pax5 positive, consistent with a B cell lymphoma. To the authors' knowledge these cases constitute the first report of malignant neoplasms in members of the Order Caprimulgiformes. Cutaneous lymphoma should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for severe feather loss in tawny frogmouths and other avian species, when other more common causes have been ruled out. Similarly, disseminated lymphoma is a differential diagnosis worthy of consideration in cases of systemic debilitation in tawny frogmouths.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}