Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Successful treatment of feline pancreatolithiasis associated with an ascending Providencia rettgeri infection using a novel surgical technique","authors":"JR Loh,&nbsp;N Cleland,&nbsp;R Korman","doi":"10.1111/avj.13358","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-year-old female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a 4-day history of lethargy, inappetence and vomiting. Physical findings included a grade 2/6 heart murmur and cranial abdominal pain on palpation. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated total bilirubin and liver enzymes activities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple pancreatoliths, cholelithiasis and dilation of the pancreatic duct. During exploratory laparotomy, catheterisation of the pancreatic duct with retrograde and orthograde flushing to remove the pancreatoliths was performed via a distal enterotomy and proximal left apical partial pancreatectomy respectively. Catheterisation and flushing of the common bile duct were performed to confirm patency prior to cholecystectomy. Bacterial culture of pancreatoliths, pancreatic tissue and bile grew a heavy, pure growth of <i>Providencia rettgeri</i>. Fluorescent immunostaining histopathology revealed clusters of rod-shaped bacteria within the pancreatic parenchyma and gall bladder mucosa. The cat received pradofloxacin for two weeks. She made a complete recovery and remained well at a six-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoreactivity of eastern small eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens) venom towards species-specific antibodies of five medically important venomous Australian elapids","authors":"AM Padula","doi":"10.1111/avj.13356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The eastern small eyed snake (<i>Cryptophis nigrescens</i>; CN) is an uncommon cause of snakebite in Australia despite the widespread distribution of the snake along the east coast of Australia. Diagnosis of envenomation relies on identification of the snake which is often not possible with animal snakebite cases. This study examined the immunoreactivity profile of CN venom towards specific rabbit IgG made against the medically relevant snake venom immunotypes found in Australia (tiger, brown, black, death adder and taipan). A simultaneous sandwich ELISA format was used to quantify CN venom binding to venom specific Protein A purified rabbit IgG. The binding profiles demonstrated weak binding of CN venom to rabbit IgG made against both tiger (<i>N. scutatus</i>) and black snake (<i>P. australis</i>) venoms with approximately 0.19% and 0.069% cross reactivity, respectively. However, the concentration of venom likely to be present in the urine of CN envenomed patients and the low cross reactivity suggest that envenomed veterinary patients are unlikely to be detected in the commercial snake venom detection kit. It is possible that CN envenomation is more common but may be underdiagnosed where snake venom antigen detection is relied upon solely. Serum biochemical abnormalities also overlap with other snake species found in the same geographical area. In respect of antivenom therapy, administration of tiger snake antivenom is supported by the binding data, but due to the low cross reactivity multiple vials may be required. Limited clinical evidence also supports the efficacy of tiger snake antivenom for envenomation by CN.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"485-488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging infectious disease prevention: Veterinary action required","authors":"RG Alders","doi":"10.1111/avj.13355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks have increased significantly over the past century, largely due to human actions, leading to distress, death and severe socio-economic implications. Coordinated actions by multiple sectors and disciplines are required to address these drivers. The challenge for the veterinary profession is to identify and prioritise the actions to which it can and should contribute. This review explores: the extent to which veterinary oaths promote attention to ecological sustainability; challenges faced during One Health implementation across diverse settings and possible solutions; and opportunities for veterinarians to assist with pandemic prevention by working to stop viral spillover at source. It aims to stimulate a discussion within the veterinary profession regarding how our current approaches: prevent or promote emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging infectious diseases; provide opportunities to improve our preventive contributions going forward; and can yield significant cobenefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"426-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of workplace incidents and injuries in veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students and measures to control these","authors":"L Johnson,&nbsp;L Fritschi","doi":"10.1111/avj.13354","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students work and train in a variety of environments and are exposed to a wide range of hazards.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(1) To compare the rate of health and safety incidents and injuries between veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students. (2) To investigate the health and safety hazard controls present in Australian veterinary workplaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study, using an online questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anonymous links to the questionnaire were disseminated to Australian veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 494 veterinarians, 484 veterinary nurses and 212 veterinary students completed the survey. Incidents and injuries were common, particularly sharps-related injuries and animal bites. Australian veterinary nurses and veterinarians experienced the studied incidents at similar rates to each other. Veterinary students experienced some incidents and injuries at rates higher than both veterinarians and veterinary nurses, including heatstroke, hypothermia, sunburn, electric shock, loss of consciousness, being rammed or pushed over by an animal and farm equipment injuries. Of the workplace hazard controls reported, first aid boxes were most commonly present, and safety meetings occurred least commonly. Veterinary nurses received Q fever and rabies vaccines much less frequently than veterinarians and veterinary students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that improvements need to be made to the occupational health and safety standards in the Australian veterinary sector. Veterinarians and veterinary nurses had suboptimal rates of access to many of the required and critical workplace health and safety controls. Improvements to the standard of health and safety training of veterinary students are indicated, given their higher rates of certain incidents and injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critically appraised topic: the use of vaccination to control the spread of foot-and-mouth disease in Australian livestock in the event of an incursion","authors":"B Humphries,&nbsp;MP Ward","doi":"10.1111/avj.13340","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Indonesia and Bali, industry, government and public concern for its incursion into Australia is increasing. The potential impact of an outbreak on the agricultural industry and national economy could be devastating. To date, research conducted in relation to FMD in Australia predominantly concerns simulations and models performed to predict various outcomes. This project critically appraises the current literature regarding the simulated use of vaccination and its effectiveness for controlling the spread of FMD in Australia in the event of an outbreak. Findings from 10 modelling studies suggest that vaccination is effective at controlling the size and duration of an outbreak (under certain conditions), however, there is less clarity about cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 8","pages":"407-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of substantiated welfare investigations in extensive farming systems in Victoria, Australia","authors":"N Williams,&nbsp;L Hemsworth,&nbsp;S Chaplin,&nbsp;R Shephard,&nbsp;A Fisher","doi":"10.1111/avj.13342","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Substantiated incidents of poor welfare affecting cattle, sheep and goats (livestock) in non-dairy extensive farming systems continue to occur. This study sought to describe the common causes of poor welfare of livestock and the associated circumstances, by analysing 39 years of de-identified, livestock welfare investigation records. There were a total of 2179 alleged offenders (AOff), defined as individual/s that had an incident of poor welfare affecting livestock on at least one occasion. Approximately 27% of AOff were found to have poor welfare on more than one occasion. The majority of livestock welfare incidents were associated with neglect, more specifically, inadequate nutrition (56%), treatment (65%) and management/husbandry (83%). Records of malicious acts were rare (1%). In the analysis, cases were allocated to 10 animal welfare severity categories (AWSC) based on the number of incidents and visits, whether the AOff reoffended, or if the incident was ongoing and whether the welfare issue was likely to affect the whole herd. A significantly higher proportion of cases in the most severe AWSC had a failure to shear, mark, dip/drench, draft and wean/cull, were overstocked or were not providing proper and sufficient feed, compared to the least severe AWSC (P ≤ 0.05). Reoffending was significantly more likely when animals were found to be injured/unwell, recumbent, stuck in mud/yard/pen or in poor body condition, or when there was a failure to wean/cull, mark, dip/drench and draft. Some of the issues identified here may be risk factors more commonly identified on farms with poor livestock welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"440-452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance at two private veterinary referral hospitals","authors":"SO Border,&nbsp;CAD Morris,&nbsp;RE Donaldson","doi":"10.1111/avj.13341","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging human and animal issue. The frequency of resistance to high importance antimicrobials, isolation of microbes of One Health importance and the nature and frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in Australian small animal referral practice have not been described previously. Medical databases of two private small animal referral hospitals in Queensland, Australia were reviewed for culture and susceptibility (C&amp;S) results from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Hospital site (H1 and H2), culture sample, C&amp;S results and MDR were documented for samples from services operating at both locations. There were 631 microbial isolates and 386 susceptibility profiles from 438 samples. The predominant organism was <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> at H1 (n = 95) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> at H2 (n = 23). The majority of samples were integumentary (H1 n = 216, H2 n = 75) or urogenital (H1 n = 74, H2 n = 70). MDR isolates were reported at both hospitals, and were significantly more likely at H1 (69/262, 26.3% vs. 12/121, 9.9%; P &lt; 0.001). High levels of AMR including MDR profiles were reported at the two hospitals evaluated, but they had significantly different resistance patterns and microbial profiles. These results highlight the need to practice appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, and are supportive for individual hospital surveillance with antibiograms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 9","pages":"466-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based practice in canine artificial insemination","authors":"CJ Joonè","doi":"10.1111/avj.13336","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A number of methods are currently used to predict the optimal date of insemination of the breeding bitch, particularly with the use of frozen–thawed canine semen which has a far shorter lifespan than fresh semen. Aside from confirming cytological oestrus, vaginal cytology is of no assistance in predicting the most fertile day(s) in a bitch; however, a neglected avenue of research suggests that vaginal cytology may be of great importance in confirming the days of optimal fertility retrospectively. Similarly, vaginoscopy provides clues as to the stage of a bitch's cycle but is inadequate as a sole determinant of her most fertile days. Nevertheless, vaginoscopy is useful to identify very late oestrus and the onset of dioestrus, as well as Stage I of labour (cervical dilatation). Due to variations in the rate at which circulating progesterone concentrations rise in individual bitches, the reliability of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining the optimal day(s) of insemination with frozen–thawed semen decreases as values rise. Moreover, progesterone assay results can vary widely due to extrinsic factors such as the time of blood sampling, sample storage conditions and the assay employed. Finally, this review investigates evidence surrounding various insemination routes and suggests that well-performed vaginal insemination, even with frozen–thawed semen, may be an acceptable approach for cases where transcervical insemination is impractical.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 8","pages":"377-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140907948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence-associated genes in faecal and clinical Escherichia coli isolates cultured from broiler chickens in Australia","authors":"L Awawdeh,&nbsp;R Forrest,&nbsp;C Turni,&nbsp;R Cobbold,&nbsp;J Henning,&nbsp;J Gibson","doi":"10.1111/avj.13339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A healthy chicken's intestinal flora harbours a rich reservoir of <i>Escherichia coli</i> as part of the commensal microbiota. However, some strains, known as avian pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (APEC), carry specific virulence genes (VGs) that enable them to invade and cause extraintestinal infections such as avian colibacillosis. Although several VG combinations have been identified, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with APEC are ill-defined. The current study screened a subset of 88 <i>E. coli</i> isolates selected from 237 pre-existing isolates obtained from commercial poultry flocks in Australia. The 88 isolates were selected based on their enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and included 29 <i>E. coli</i> isolates cultured from chickens with colibacillosis (referred to as clinical <i>E. coli</i> or CEC) and 59 faecal <i>E. coli</i> (FEC) isolates cultured from clinically healthy chickens. The isolates were screened for the presence of 35 previously reported VGs. Of these, 34 were identified, with <i>iucA</i> not being detected. VGs <i>focG</i>, <i>hlyA</i> and <i>sfa/foc</i> were only detected in FEC isolates. Eight VGs had a prevalence of 90% or above in the CEC isolates. Specifically, <i>astA</i> (100%); <i>feoB</i> (96.6%); <i>iutA</i>, <i>iss</i>, <i>ompT</i>, <i>iroN</i> and <i>hlyF</i> (all 93.1%); and <i>vat</i> (89.7%). The prevalence of these were significantly lower in FEC isolates (<i>astA</i> 79.7%, <i>feoB</i> 77.9%, <i>iutA</i> 52.5%, <i>iss</i> 45.8%, <i>ompT</i> 50.9%, <i>iroN</i> 37.3%, <i>hlyF</i> 50.9% and <i>vat</i> 42.4%). The odds ratios that each of these eight VGs were more likely to be associated with CEC than FEC ranged from 7.8 to 21.9. These eight VGs may be used to better define APEC and diagnostically detect APEC in Australia. Further investigations are needed to identify the roles of these VGs in pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 8","pages":"398-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper hepatopathies in Australian dogs","authors":"J Mutton,&nbsp;S Yeomans,&nbsp;J White","doi":"10.1111/avj.13338","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13338","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To evaluate hepatopathies in Australian dogs according to the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) guidelines. Specifically, to describe the prevalence and survival of dogs with copper-associated hepatopathy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Medical records from the Small Animal Specialist Hospital were reviewed to identify dogs with liver disease and liver biopsy between November 2008 and November 2021. Liver histopathology reports were reviewed with a board-certified veterinary pathologist and classified according to the WSAVA guidelines. Histopathology reports and clinical records were reviewed to ascertain the most important histological process for statistical analysis. Copper-associated hepatopathy was defined as (i) histological evidence of copper accumulation in centrilobular areas (Zone 3) associated with hepatocyte necrosis, inflammation with copper-laden macrophages and chronic hepatitis (ii) histochemical copper staining showing hepatocyte copper accumulation in the centrilobular areas and iii) hepatic copper measurement with concentrations greater than 600 μg/g dry weight of liver. Dogs with primary inflammatory parenchymal disease included dogs with copper-associated hepatopathy, idiopathic chronic hepatitis, non-specific reactive hepatitis, chronic bacterial hepatitis and immune-mediated chronic hepatitis. Descriptive statistics were performed for all dogs. Age, weight and clinicopathologic data were compared between dogs with copper-associated hepatopathy and dogs with other causes of chronic primary inflammatory parenchymal liver disease (Kruskal–Wallis test). Survival times were calculated and compared (Kaplan–Meier curves and log rank test) between dogs with copper-associated hepatopathy and dogs with other chronic primary inflammatory parenchymal liver diseases. Breed was evaluated to determine the breed most commonly affected with copper-associated hepatopathy and identify any breed in which this disease has not previously been described.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sixty-seven (43 female, 24 male) dogs with a median age of 7.8 years (quartile [Q] Q1-Q3 4.5–9.6 years) were included. Thirteen dogs had copper-associated hepatopathy, eight dogs had idiopathic chronic hepatitis, eight dogs had non-specific reactive hepatitis, seven dogs had disorders associated with portal hypertension, five dogs had chronic bacterial hepatitis and four dogs had immune-mediated chronic hepatitis. Compared with dogs with other causes of chronic primary inflammatory parenchymal liver disease, dogs with copper-associated hepatopathy tended to be younger (6.73 vs. 8.01 years, P = 0.057) and heavier (19.8 vs. 9.6 kg, P = 0.052","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"102 8","pages":"385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}