Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Phenobarbital toxicosis in a pied butcherbird, Cracticus nigrogularis","authors":"AG Hill,&nbsp;BM Stone,&nbsp;MJ Pyne","doi":"10.1111/avj.13418","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A wild, adult male pied butcherbird (<i>Cracticus nigrogularis</i>) accidentally ingested 263 mg/kg of oral phenobarbital. Pronounced sedation was observed by 30 mins, followed by altered consciousness, marked ataxia and increased respiratory effort. The serum phenobarbital level on admission to a wildlife hospital was 84.3 μg/mL; this declined to 29.3 μg/mL at 24 h and 1.7 μg/mL at 48 h (indicative of a phenobarbital serum half-life of approximately 24 h). Supportive treatment with activated charcoal, and nutritional and fluid support led to a full recovery over 5 days. The bird was successfully released.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"224-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of toltrazuril for prevention of oriental theileriosis (Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype) in Friesian calves.","authors":"S G de Burgh, D L Emery","doi":"10.1111/avj.13415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this non-blinded, randomised, controlled study was to determine the efficacy of toltrazuril for the prevention of oriental theileriosis in calves. Thirty calves were infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype through the application and retention of infected female bush ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis). 15 Group 1 calves were treated with a single, oral dose of toltrazuril at the dose registered in Australia for coccidiosis (15 mg/kg), concurrently with tick infection, and 15 Group 2 (control group) calves were untreated. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in mean parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV) or bodyweight between the toltrazuril treated and untreated groups at any timepoint up to Day 64 after infection, apart from a higher mean PCV for the toltrazuril treated group at Day 20. In this study, the calves treated with a single oral dose of toltrazuril (15 mg/kg) at the time of infection were not prevented from becoming infected with oriental theileriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rigid maxillomandibular fixation using a novel technique involving unbonded polymethylmethacrylate canine tooth moulds and interarch wiring for maxillomandibular trauma in three cats","authors":"K Goggin,&nbsp;S Snelling","doi":"10.1111/avj.13398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mandibular and maxillary fractures are common in small animals and present significant challenges for repair due to the intricate anatomical features involved. This retrospective case series describes a technique for achieving rigid open mouth maxillomandibular fixation using interarch wiring while maintaining correct alignment between the upper and lower teeth with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) moulds of the canine teeth for treating maxillomandibular fractures in cats. The study includes a description of the postoperative outcomes and complications encountered. The surgical technique successfully achieved anatomical dental occlusion and restored jaw function in all three cats. The implants were well tolerated, with only minor complications such as mild ptyalism and temporary tongue protrusion. No intraoperative complications occurred, and all three cats resumed normal hard food consumption after implant removal. This study provides initial evidence that the use of rostral interarch wiring combined with PMMA canine tooth moulds can result in clinical union and normal occlusion, given appropriate surgical case selection. This technique is simple to perform, requires minimal inventory and can be implemented in clinical settings where thorough anatomical planning is conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal split fracture of the lateral malleolus causing tarsocrural subluxation in a Siberian Husky","authors":"JM Kolichis","doi":"10.1111/avj.13393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 4-year-old Siberian Husky was referred for bilateral hock trauma after being involved in a road traffic accident. The dog sustained a grade 3 shearing injury to the medial right hock with tibiotarsal subluxation, which was managed with a transarticular frame. The left hock sustained a rare open longitudinal split fracture of the lateral malleolus, resulting in lateral tarsocrural instability. The fracture was repaired directly with cross pins and a figure-of-eight tension band wire, which restored joint congruency and stability. All implants were removed after 8 weeks. The dog had a good functional outcome at 8-month follow-up. Based on a search of the veterinary literature, this is the first published report of such a lateral malleolar fracture configuration in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same story, different endings: clinical course and outcomes of two dogs treated differently for delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage 20 h after eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation","authors":"HY Mak,&nbsp;S Hardjo","doi":"10.1111/avj.13412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This report presents the clinical course and outcomes of two dogs that were treated differently upon recognition of respiratory distress due to delayed fulminant pulmonary haemorrhage (DFPH) 20 h after eastern brown snake envenomation. Two dogs from the same household were likely envenomated at the same time. Pulmonary haemorrhage was diagnosed based on pleural and lung ultrasound, decreasing packed cell volume and haemoptysis. Case 1 received a total of 7000 units of brown snake antivenom within the first 10 h after envenomation. The dog developed severe respiratory distress and anaemia approximately 20 h after envenomation. A decision to administer fresh whole blood was made, however, a marked deterioration in clinical signs occurred during the acquisition of blood. The dog was euthanased due to hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Case 2 received similar treatment to case 1 before DFPH. Case 2 developed moderate pleural effusion along with pulmonary haemorrhage after hospital admission. The dog was noticed to have respiratory distress approximately 1 h after case 1. Fresh frozen plasma was administered within 30 min, followed by packed red blood cells and autotransfusion, and the dog survived. These two cases are used as a foundation to discuss the pathophysiology of DFPH and its relation to the clinical signs. Furthermore, retrospective analysis of diagnostics and alternative approaches proposed, may assist clinicians in early recognition and optimal treatment of DFPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas gangrene due to Clostridium haemolyticum in a cat with aortic thromboembolism treated using clopidogrel and rivaroxaban","authors":"C Simpson,&nbsp;M Baranger-Ete,&nbsp;J Leung,&nbsp;K Worthing,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-year-old Bengal cat with unclassified cardiomyopathy presented for signs consistent with aortic thromboembolism (ATE). It was treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban as antithrombotic therapy, combined with narcotic analgesia and frusemide. After initially making a clinical improvement, the cat's condition suddenly deteriorated, with a presumptive diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis. We posit that ischaemia due to ATE allowed dormant clostridial spores in the left hindlimb to germinate and multiply vegetatively, resulting in the elaboration of potent Gram-positive exotoxins, resulting in the clinical syndrome of gas gangrene, with emphysematous change in the affected limb. Samples collected following euthanasia confirmed the presumptive diagnosis, and <i>Clostridium haemolyticum</i> was isolated after prolonged anaerobic broth culture. The authors propose that benzyl penicillin be given intravenously to cats with ATE as bacterial prophylaxis to prevent this unusual but devastating sequela developing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of disseminated mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium in an aged cat","authors":"A Teh,&nbsp;J Robertson,&nbsp;SL Donahoe,&nbsp;T Crighton,&nbsp;S Boyd,&nbsp;R Malik","doi":"10.1111/avj.13410","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the “leprosy-like” diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing <i>Mycobacteria</i> spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the <i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i> complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity. This report describes a case of widely disseminated mycobacteriosis in a 10-year-old American Shorthair cat with an atypical multi-organ distribution including rarely documented thyroid gland involvement. The cat presented for a chronic history of inappetence and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large mass on the left kidney, and an aspirate (FNA) from this mass showed abundant negative-staining bacilli which were confirmed to be acid-fast with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining. This was consistent with a mycobacterial aetiology. Necropsy revealed mycobacterial granulomas and/or granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, spleen, lungs and left mandibular lymph node, with abundant intralesional acid-fast bacilli in all these tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture on samples of all affected tissues were positive for <i>M. avium</i>. Collectively, the findings are consistent with disseminated mycobacteriosis due to <i>M. avium</i> with atypical distribution of lesions. Very likely, the cat had underlying immunodeficiency of undetermined cause, exacerbated by the administration of depot corticosteroid.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avj.13410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological findings of melioidosis in captive red-legged pademelons (Thylogale stigmatica) in northern Queensland, Australia","authors":"RO Bowater,&nbsp;T Mackie,&nbsp;J Picard,&nbsp;I Huisman,&nbsp;L Hayes,&nbsp;JD Taylor","doi":"10.1111/avj.13403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melioidosis, caused by <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, is an important disease that is endemic in areas of northern Australia and can cause a wide range of clinical signs in people and animals. There is limited published data on the disease in marsupials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case report</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two captive red-legged pademelons (<i>Thylogale stigmatica</i>) with collective signs of lethargy, dysphagia and bloody oral discharge were submitted for necropsy and showed variations in pathology findings ranging from multifocal abscessation in various tissues to evidence of fulminant septicaemia. In both cases <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> was confirmed by bacterial culture and qPCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report details the first report of melioidosis in captive red-legged pademelons (<i>Thylogale stigmatica</i>) and describes the variations in clinical signs and pathological findings that were encountered with the disease. More research is needed to better understand melioidosis in marsupials to aid clinicians in making a prompt diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of two rhinoplasty techniques combined with vestibuloplasty on the cross-sectional area of the rostral nasal cavity in brachycephalic dogs with stenotic nares","authors":"K Shimura,&nbsp;CD Franklin,&nbsp;AK House","doi":"10.1111/avj.13404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the external nares and nasal vestibule on computed tomography (CT) transverse sections in brachycephalic dogs that underwent a vestibuloplasty in combination with either a Trader's technique or vertical wedge resection rhinoplasty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical records and corresponding preoperative and postoperative head computed tomographic images were reviewed to measure CSA at two defined points on transverse sections of the nasal cavities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine brachycephalic dogs were included for analysis. Trader's technique and vestibuloplasty were performed in five dogs. Vertical wedge resection and vestibuloplasty were performed in four dogs. CSAs were significantly increased in all rostral nasal cavities postoperatively in both combination of techniques. The mean difference in CSA of the right and left external nares were 37.12 mm² (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.59, 49.66) and 64.3 mm² (95% CI 28.78, 60. 04), respectively. The mean difference in CSA of the right and left nasal vestibules were 25.08 mm² (95% CI 11.44, 38.73) and 28.73 mm² (95% CI 11.83, 45.64), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vestibuloplasty in combination with either Trader's technique or vertical wedge resection significantly increased the CSA of the external nares and nasal vestibules. These techniques did not result in recurrent stenosis or collapse of the alar wings in all evaluated rostral nasal cavities in this case series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 4","pages":"199-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serovar Australis replaces serovar Copenhageni as the most common cause of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales, Australia","authors":"C Griebsch,&nbsp;N Kirkwood,&nbsp;MP Ward,&nbsp;JM Norris","doi":"10.1111/avj.13401","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avj.13401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in urban Sydney dogs in 2017, and serovar Copenhageni, against which a registered monovalent vaccine is available, was predominant until 2020. This study was conducted to (1) determine serological characteristics of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales (NSW) between 2021 and 2023; (2) describe the geospatial distribution of leptospirosis; and (3) evaluate if clinicopathological abnormalities and outcome differ between the dominant infecting serovars, Copenhageni <i>versus</i> Australis. Cases were identified through referral or direct veterinarian contact and included if clinical and clinicopathological findings confirmed leptospirosis. Between 2021 and 2023 leptospirosis was confirmed in 61 dogs in NSW. In 2022 two major outbreaks occurred in the local government areas of Shoalhaven (n = 23) and Lake Macquarie (n = 7). The most common serovar identified by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was Australis (n = 23) followed by Copenhageni (n = 8), Pomona (n = 2), Robinsoni (n = 2) and Bratislava (n = 1). In 16/18 cases from Shoalhaven in which serological results were available, serovar Australis was identified. Dogs infected with serovar Copenhageni were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) more likely to have hepatic involvement with significantly higher liver enzyme activities, bilirubin concentration and icterus, whereas dogs with serovar Australis were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) more likely to have glucosuria. Overall case fatality rate was 40% and was not different between infecting serovars. There are regional differences of infecting serovars with distinct leptospirosis hotspots, and differences in clinicopathological findings. The apparent emergence of serovar Australis highlights the need for bi- or multivalent vaccines and ongoing case surveillance of causal serovars is needed. Glucosuria should prompt leptospirosis testing in endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8661,"journal":{"name":"Australian Veterinary Journal","volume":"103 3","pages":"94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}