K. Takahashi, K. Tokunaga, C. Uchikawal, T. Juji, T. Akaza, K. Umezawa, N. Endoh, H. Kamata, H. Tsuchida, K. Fujino, I. Watanabe
{"title":"EVALUATION OF AN APPROPRIATE SIZE OF UNRELATED DONOR POOL FOR HLA-MATCHED PLATELET TRANSFUSION AND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION","authors":"K. Takahashi, K. Tokunaga, C. Uchikawal, T. Juji, T. Akaza, K. Umezawa, N. Endoh, H. Kamata, H. Tsuchida, K. Fujino, I. Watanabe","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.38.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.38.475","url":null,"abstract":"K. Takahashi1), K. Tokunaga1), C. Uchikawal), T. Juji1), T. Akaza2), K. Umezawa30, N. Endoh4), H. Kamata5), H. Tsuchida6), K. Fujino7) and I. Watanabe8) Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo1), Central Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross2), Aomori Red Cross3), Miyagi Red Cross4), Akita Red Cross5), Yamagata Red Cross6), Iwate Red Cross7) and Fukushima Red Cross8)","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70316452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) CARRIER CLINIC -10 YEAR'S EXPERIENCE IN A BLOOD CENTER-","authors":"Tomoko, Kimoto, Hiromi, Ihara, Toshiaki, Kato, Toshie, Nakasel, Hisami, Ikeda, Shinichi, Sakamoto","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.41.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.41.364","url":null,"abstract":"We established a special clinic (in 1985) for asymptomatic HBV carriers detected through blood donation. The main purpose of this clinic was the early detection and treatment of chronic hepatitis. In 10 years 3, 367 notified carriers detected from over two million blood donors visited our clinic after attending an orientation seminar. The HBsAg-positive rate among first-time donors decreased from 3.0% to 1.2% during these 10 years. The overall HBeAg-positive rate in clinic visitors was 13.2%, and decreased with age. Elevated GPT levels were seen in 6.0% of clinic visitors, with a higher rate in HBeAgpositive carriers. HBsAg as tested with EIA disappeared in 40 cases (1.2%). HBeAg disappeared in 23 cases with elevated GPT. HCV antibody was detected in 16 cases. Carriers with elevated GPT or space-occupying lesions in the liver as detected by echography were referred to specialized hospitals. Of these, 166 (4.9%) cases were diagnosed as HBV-related liver disease, including 5 cases of hepatoma. Thus, regular follow-up in our HBV carrier clinic strongly contributed to the medical care of asymptomatic HBV carriers.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70323708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HEMATOLOGICAL, METABOLIC AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISITICS OF ERYTHROCYTES IN RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN-ADMINISTERED RAT I. Hematological and Metabolic Properties","authors":"N. Maeda","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.35.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.35.627","url":null,"abstract":"HEMATOLOGICAL, METABOLIC AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISITICS OF ERYTHROCYTES IN RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN-ADMINISTERED RAT I. Hematological and Metabolic Properties Nobuji Maeda Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO; 180 or 1800 IU/kg) was intravenously administered daily to 6 weeks-old rats for 1 or 2 weeks, and hematological and metabolic properties of the erythrocytes were examined. (1) A considerable polycythemia with reticulocytosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner accompanying increase in MCV and decrease in MCHC. The erythrocytes were inhomogeneous in their density, and the density distribution was shifted towards low specific gravity. Probably, young erythrocytes were increased in the circulation by rhEPO administration. (2) Slight augmentation of intracellular ATP and GTP contents was detected, but 2, 3-DPG content was not altered. (3) Upon the long-term administration of rhEPO, intracellular hemoglobin content was decreased, and the reticulocytosis was reduced.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70307119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayuri Odajima, J. Matsuda, T. Hamauzu, N. Saito, T. Kinoshita, T. Abe
{"title":"CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERIAL EXAMINATION OF ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ( HIV ) ANTIBODY AND HIV ANTIGEN IN HEMOPHILIACS WITH HIV INFECTION","authors":"Sayuri Odajima, J. Matsuda, T. Hamauzu, N. Saito, T. Kinoshita, T. Abe","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.34.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.34.332","url":null,"abstract":"CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERIAL EXAMINATION OF ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) ANTIBODY AND HIV ANTIGEN IN HEMOPHILIACS WITH HIV INFECTION Sayuri Odajima, Juzo Matsuda, Toshikazu Hamauzu, Noriko Saito, Tadatoshi Kinoshita and Takeshi Abe Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine We tested for the anti HIV antibody and the HIV antigen in the sera of 81 hemophiliacs (A 68 cases, B 13 cases), who have been under treatment in our department. The anti HIV antibody was found to be present in 44.3% of the cases, including 7 cases who later changed to positive, and 6 with HIV antigen. In the sera of those 7 seroconverted cases, although the HN antigen was negative, the p24 antibody was detected by the Western blotting method and the gp41 antibody was detected by the Confirmatory EIA (ENVACORE, Abbott Lab., USA) earlier than by the immunofluorescence method and conventional ELISA. Moreover, in 4 cases who later developed AIDS, HIV turned out positive concurrently with or shortly after the enfeeblement and/or disappearance of the p24 antibody which was associated with a progressive decrease in the CD4/8 ratio of lymphocytes and the development of recurrent oppotunistic infections. Based on these results, it is suggested that the periodical examination for anti p24 and gp41 antibodies and HIV itself might be clinically useful for predicting the development of AIDS and thustreating them at an early stage.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70303933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emi Kadowaki, Tsuneo A. Takahashi, Y. Mogi, A. Sohma, Y. Yorozu, A. Kohgo, M. Yamaguchi, Toshinobu Tanaka, S. Fujimoto, S. Sekiguchi
{"title":"ENRICHMENT OF CD34 POSITIVE CELLS IN HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD AND IN VITRO EXPANSION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS","authors":"Emi Kadowaki, Tsuneo A. Takahashi, Y. Mogi, A. Sohma, Y. Yorozu, A. Kohgo, M. Yamaguchi, Toshinobu Tanaka, S. Fujimoto, S. Sekiguchi","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.40.694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.40.694","url":null,"abstract":"ENRICHMENT OF CD34 POSITIVE CELLS IN HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD AND IN VITRO EXPANSION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS Emi Kadowaki1), Tsuneo A. Takahashi1), Yuko Mogi1), Akira Sohma2), Yutaka Yorozu2), Akira Kohgo2), Miki Yamaguchi3), Toshinobu Tanaka4), Seiichiroh Fujimoto5) and Sadayoshi Sekiguchi1) 1)Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center 2)Sapporo Maternity Hospital 3)Kishimoto Clinical Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science 4)Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine 5)Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70321184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nakamura, Satomi Wakamatsu, N. Kobayashi, T. Noto, Y. Tokuda, T. Tajima
{"title":"APPLICATION OF A LOW SERUM CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CELL DENSE CULTURE OF LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER (LAK) CELLS","authors":"Y. Nakamura, Satomi Wakamatsu, N. Kobayashi, T. Noto, Y. Tokuda, T. Tajima","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.36.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.36.387","url":null,"abstract":"APPLICATION OF A LOW SERUM CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CELL DENSE CULTURE OF LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER (LAK) CELLS Yoshihiko Nakamura, Satomi Wakamatsu, Nobumasa Kobayashi and Katsuto Watanabe Blood Transfusion Service Center Takashi Noto, Yutaka Tokuda, Tomoo Tajima and Toshio Mitomi The Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were cultured in low serum culture medium that was newly developed. The medium was composed of three basal media, i. e. Dulbecco's modified eagle (DME), F-12 (Ham) and RPMI-1640, and it was enriched with other supplements. The medium was applied with 1% gelatin and 3% AB serum for CRTC (concentrate rotary tissue culture) system, or with 1% AB serum for hollow-fiber system in LAK cells culture. It was demonstrated that the medium can be used to proliferate LAK cells to about thirty-fold the initial cell number with CRTC system, or to twenty one-fold with hollow-fiber system. Therefore, this medium can be applied for these culture systems to obtain a large number of LAK cells in low serum concentration.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70307896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yakabi, H. Zukeran, Y. Miyagi, R. Taira, H. Sakugawa, Keishun Koja
{"title":"CORRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION AND HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION","authors":"S. Yakabi, H. Zukeran, Y. Miyagi, R. Taira, H. Sakugawa, Keishun Koja","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.39.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.39.911","url":null,"abstract":"CORRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPE 1 INFECTION AND HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION Shizuko Yakabi, Hiroki Zukeran, Yasuhiro Miyagi, Reiko Taira, Hiroshi Sakugawa and Keishun Koja Department of Blood Transfusion, Ryukyu University Hospital Kazuhiko Akamine, Tomio Uezu, Mono Kina and Keishou Ohmine Okinawa Red Cross Blood Center It is well known that human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is contributed to deficient immunity. Some association between HTLV-1 infection and hepatitis virus infection were investigated, particularly the effect of HTLV-1 infection on the acquisition of hepatitis B and C virus carrier state, and on liver function in hepatitis virus carriers. The subjects consisted of 945 HTLV-1 positive donors aged 16-64 (mean+S. D.=37.4+11) and 2,000 negative controls aged 16-64 (mean+S. D.=30.4+10). The prevarence of hepatitis B surface antigen in HTLV-1 positive donors and negative controls were 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference. On the other hand, the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in HTLV-1 positive groups was 2.5% and significantly higher than in negative controls being 0.4%. Frequency of donors with high value of GPT was not different between HTLV-1 positive group and negative. In conclusion, HTLV-1 infection may not affect on the acquisition of HBV carrier state and liver function. However, an association between HTLV-1 and HCV infection was suggested.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70319348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EVALUATION OF PLATELET SHAPE BY A STOP AND FLOW METHOD USING AGGREGOMETER : Application to Quality Control of Stored Platelet Concentrates","authors":"Shiro, Ohnoki, Hirotoshi, Shibata","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.43.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.43.350","url":null,"abstract":"EVALUATION OF PLATELET SHAPE BY A STOP AND FLOW METHOD USING AGGREGOMETER: Application to Quality Control of Stored Platelet Concentrates Shiro Ohnoki and Hirotoshi Shibata Department of Research, Osaka Red Cross Blood Center Platelets change from a discoid to a spherical shape during storage or on activation. Discoid platelets show higher transmittance in the flow state than at rest, but spherical platelets do not. We developed a method for evaluation of platelet shape from the transmittance of PRP using this property. A switch for disconnecting the electrical signal to the recorder and speed controller was attached to the platelet aggregometer, such that it was able to determine the transmittance of PRP at desired stirring rates. Transmittance showed maximum increase at the speed of 800 rpm. The content of spherical platelets was expressed by the extinction ratio (E8/E0) of PRP based on light-scattering theory. Extinction was linearly proportional to the concentration of platelets below 3 X 108, /ml. E8/E0 values correlated with the percentage of spherical platelets but were independent of platelet count and extinction of PRP. Fresh PC had an E8/E0 value of 0. 81 ± 0. 02, with this value of increasing gradually with storage time at 22°C with agitation. These findings demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the shape of platelets with a standard aggregometer by determining the transmittance of PRP at rest and flow.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70325655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kurosawa, K. Shimano, K. Ikeda, H. Nagahashi, H. Takano, N. Kojima, N. Ishii, H. Gomi, Y. Miwa, M. Negishi, H. Ide, S. Mitsunaga, K. Tadokoro, T. Juji
{"title":"ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS FOLLOWING TRANSFUSION OF RC-MAP TO A SELECTIVE IGA DEFICIENT PATIENT WITH ANTI-IGA -EFFECTS OF WASHING","authors":"M. Kurosawa, K. Shimano, K. Ikeda, H. Nagahashi, H. Takano, N. Kojima, N. Ishii, H. Gomi, Y. Miwa, M. Negishi, H. Ide, S. Mitsunaga, K. Tadokoro, T. Juji","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.46.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.46.317","url":null,"abstract":"E. Shimada1), M. Kurosawa1), K. Shimano1), K. Ikeda1), H. Nagahashi1), H. Takano2), N. Kojima3), N. Ishii3), H. Gomi3), Y. Miwa4), M. Negishi4), H. Ide4), S. Mitsunaga1), K. Tadokoro1) and T. Juji1) 1)The Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center 2)The Southern Tokyo Red Cross Blood Center 3)Division of Blood Transfusion, Showa University School of Medicine 4)The First Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fukui, S. Nishida, Y. Fujimura, H. Shima, A. Yoshioka
{"title":"EVALUATION OF HN-2 ANTIBODY INFECTION IN JAPANESE HEMOPHILIACS USING A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE IMMUNOASSAY AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REATION","authors":"H. Fukui, S. Nishida, Y. Fujimura, H. Shima, A. Yoshioka","doi":"10.3925/jjtc1958.36.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.36.574","url":null,"abstract":"EVALUATION OF HN-2 ANTIBODY INFECTION IN JAPANESE HEMOPHILIACS USING A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE IMMUNOASSAY AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REATION Hiromu Fukui, Sachiyo Nishida and Yoshihiro Fujimura Department of Blood Transfusion, Nara Medical College Mikio Kaneda, Hiroko Shima and Akira Yoshioka Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical College Namiko Yoshihara and Kazue Nakanaga National Institute of Health The antibodies against HIV-2, the alternative etiologic agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), were evaluated on a total of 121 Japanese hemophiliacs (106 hemophilia A, and 15 hemophilia B), using a combination of enzyme-immunoassay (ELAVIA-2), western blotting (LABBLOT 2), and peptide immunoassay (PEPTILABI-2) provided from Pasteur-Sanofi, France. The twenty eight patients of hemophilia A (26%) and the three of hemophilia B (20%) showed positive results by ELAVIA-2. PEPTILAB 1-2 test specified that only one patient (case X) with hemophilia A has a double reaction to HIV-1 and HIV-2 specific peptides. LABBLOT 2 also demonstrated the immunoreactivity of case X to HIV-2 proteins; p26, gp36, gp105, and gp140. Case X was further examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect proviral DNA sequences of HIV-1 and HIV-2, and finally the possibility of HIV-2 infection was ruled out confirming true HIV-1 infection.","PeriodicalId":86521,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Yuketsu Gakkai zasshi = Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}