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Modification of Vibrational Parameters of a CO2 Molecule by a Laser Field: Impact on Tunnel Ionization 激光场对CO2分子振动参数的改变:对隧道电离的影响
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11060092
A. S. Kornev, V. Chernov
{"title":"Modification of Vibrational Parameters of a CO2 Molecule by a Laser Field: Impact on Tunnel Ionization","authors":"A. S. Kornev, V. Chernov","doi":"10.3390/atoms11060092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11060092","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we theoretically study the laser-induced modification of the vibrational parameters of a carbon dioxide molecule regarding its tunnel ionization. Our study predicts a 5% increase in the ionization rate in anti-Stokes channels that corresponds to pumping the Σu mode up to vai=10. The molecule is imparted with an additional energy from the pre-pumped vibrational states, which is absorbed during ionization. As a result, the tunneling rate increases. This amplification of tunnel ionization of the CO2 gas target can potentially be used for the laser separation of carbon isotopes.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47454484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Order Above-Threshold Ionization Using a Bi-Elliptic Orthogonal Two-Color Laser Field with Optimal Field Parameters 具有最佳场参数的双椭圆正交双色激光场的高阶阈值电离
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11060091
Abdulah S. Jašarević, E. Hasović, D. Milošević
{"title":"High-Order Above-Threshold Ionization Using a Bi-Elliptic Orthogonal Two-Color Laser Field with Optimal Field Parameters","authors":"Abdulah S. Jašarević, E. Hasović, D. Milošević","doi":"10.3390/atoms11060091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11060091","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we study the high-order above-threshold ionization of noble-gas atoms using a bi-elliptic orthogonal two-color (BEOTC) field. We give an overview of the SFA theory and calculate the differential ionization rate for various values of the laser field parameters. We show that the ionization rate strongly depends on the ellipticity and the relative phase between two field components. Using numerical optimization, we find the values of ellipticity and relative phase that maximize the ionization rate at energies close to the cutoff energy. To explain the obtained results, we present, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time the quantum-orbit analysis in the BEOTC field. We find and classify the saddle-point (SP) solutions and study their contributions to the total ionization rate. We analyze quantum orbits and corresponding velocities to explain the contribution of relevant SP solutions.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Spin-Orbit Interaction: A Small Force with Large Implications 自旋轨道相互作用:具有重大意义的小力
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11060090
S. Manson
{"title":"The Spin-Orbit Interaction: A Small Force with Large Implications","authors":"S. Manson","doi":"10.3390/atoms11060090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11060090","url":null,"abstract":"The spin-orbit interaction is quite small compared to electrostatic forces in atoms. Nevertheless, this small interaction can have large consequences. Several examples of the importance of the spin-orbit force in atomic photoionization are presented and explained.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48848344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proposal of a New Double-Nozzle Technique for In-Gas-Jet Laser Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy 一种新型双喷嘴气体射流激光共振电离光谱技术的提出
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-28 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11060088
V. Varentsov
{"title":"Proposal of a New Double-Nozzle Technique for In-Gas-Jet Laser Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy","authors":"V. Varentsov","doi":"10.3390/atoms11060088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11060088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new double-nozzle technique for in-gas-jet laser resonance ionization spectroscopy. We explored the functionality of this new technique through detailed gas dynamic and Monte Carlo atom-trajectory simulations, in which results are presented and discussed. The results of similar computer simulations for JetRIS setup (as a typical representative of the conventional in-gas-jet technique nowadays) are also presented and discussed. The direct comparison of calculation results for the proposed new technique with the conventional one shows that the double-nozzle technique has many advantages compared with the one used in the JetRIS setup at GSI for future high-resolution laser spectroscopic study of heaviest elements. To fully implement the proposed new technique in all existing (or under construction) setups for in-gas-jet laser resonance ionization spectroscopy, it will be enough to replace the used supersonic nozzle with the miniature double-nozzle device described in the paper.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45344637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Atomic Lifetimes of Astrophysical Interest in Ions of Fe 铁离子的天体物理学兴趣的原子寿命
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11050085
E. Träbert
{"title":"Atomic Lifetimes of Astrophysical Interest in Ions of Fe","authors":"E. Träbert","doi":"10.3390/atoms11050085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050085","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple charged ions of iron dominate the EUV spectrum of the solar corona. For the interpretation of such spectra, data on both the atomic structure and the transition rate are essential, most of which are provided by theory and computation. The wavelengths of observed spectra are used to test the predicted energy level structure, while the line intensities depend on level lifetimes and branch fractions. A number of electric dipole and higher-order transition rates have been measured over the years in the laboratory, mostly by beam-foil spectroscopy, at heavy-ion storage rings, and at various ion traps. In this paper, the state of the knowledge base on level lifetimes in all ions of Fe is assessed, and the problems of further progress are outlined.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43131766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quasi-Static Lineshape Theory for Rydberg Excitations in High-Density Media 高密度介质中Rydberg激发的准静态线形理论
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11060095
Trevor Scheuing, J. Pérez-Ríos
{"title":"Quasi-Static Lineshape Theory for Rydberg Excitations in High-Density Media","authors":"Trevor Scheuing, J. Pérez-Ríos","doi":"10.3390/atoms11060095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11060095","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a theoretical approach for lineshapes of Rydberg excitations in high-density media. In particular, we introduce the quasi-static lineshape theory, leading to a methodic and general approach, and its validity is studied. Next, using 84Sr as a prototypical scenario, we discuss the role of the thermal atoms and core–perturber interactions, generally disregarded in Rydberg physics. Finally, we present a characterization of the role of Rydberg–core perturber interactions based on the density and principal quantum number that, beyond affecting the lineshape, could potentially apply to chemi-ionization reactions responsible for the decay of Rydberg atoms in high-density media.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43088986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence 等电子惰性气体序列的阿秒时延趋势
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11050084
Brock Grafstrom, A. Landsman
{"title":"Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence","authors":"Brock Grafstrom, A. Landsman","doi":"10.3390/atoms11050084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050084","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis and measurement of Wigner time delays can provide detailed information about the electronic environment within and around atomic and molecular systems, with one the key differences being the lack of a long-range potential after a halogen ion undergoes photoionization. In this work, we use relativistic random-phase approximation to calculate the average Wigner delay from the highest occupied subshells of the atomic pairings (2p, 2s in Fluorine, Neon), (3p, 3s in Chlorine, Argon), (4p, 4s, 3d, in Bromine, Krypton), and (5p, 5s, 4d in Iodine, Xenon). The qualitative behaviors of the Wigner delays between the isoelectronic pairings were found to be similar in nature, with the only large differences occurring at photoelectron energies less than 20 eV and around Cooper minima. Interestingly, the relative shift in Wigner time delays between negatively charged halogens and noble gases decreases as atomic mass increases. All atomic pairings show large differences at low energies, with noble gas atoms showing large positive Wigner delays, while negatively charged halogen ions show negative delays. The implications for photoionization studies in halide-containing molecules is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stabilizing Frequency of a Diode Laser to a Reference Transition of Molecular Iodine through Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy 用调制转移光谱法稳定二极管激光器对分子碘参考跃迁的频率
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11050083
L. Sharma, A. Roy, S. Panja, S. De
{"title":"Stabilizing Frequency of a Diode Laser to a Reference Transition of Molecular Iodine through Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy","authors":"L. Sharma, A. Roy, S. Panja, S. De","doi":"10.3390/atoms11050083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050083","url":null,"abstract":"We report the frequency stabilization of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to a reference molecular iodine (I2) transition at 13,531.18 cm−1 (739.03382 nm). Using the Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy (MTS) method for the highly sensitive detection of weak absorption signals, the Doppler-free absorption peaks of I2 corresponding to the hot band transition R(78) (1–11) are resolved. The ECDL’s frequency is stabilized with respect to one of the lines lying within the reference absorption band. For this, the iodine vapor cell is heated to 450 °C and the corresponding circularly polarized pump and probe beam powers are maintained at 10 mW and 1 mW, respectively, to avoid power broadening. The short (100 ms) and long-term (50 h) linewidths of the frequency stabilized laser are measured to be 0.75(3) MHz and 0.5(2) MHz, respectively, whereas the natural linewidth of the specific I2-transitions lie within a range of tens of MHz.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Electron Impact Ionization Cross-Section Maxima of Atoms 原子的电子冲击电离截面最大值
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11050081
A. C. F. dos Santos, K. Tőkési
{"title":"Electron Impact Ionization Cross-Section Maxima of Atoms","authors":"A. C. F. dos Santos, K. Tőkési","doi":"10.3390/atoms11050081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050081","url":null,"abstract":"Using measured cross-sections and polarizability data, an empirical scaling law is extracted for the electron collision single-ionization cross-section maxima of neutral atoms. We found that the cross sections scale linearly with the target’s static polarizability. We confirm this observation using our present three-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69556022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collision Strengths of Astrophysical Interest for Multiply Charged Ions 天体物理学对多重带电离子碰撞强度的兴趣
IF 1.8
Atoms Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/atoms11050080
S. Fritzsche, L. Jiao, Yuancheng Wang, J. Sienkiewicz
{"title":"Collision Strengths of Astrophysical Interest for Multiply Charged Ions","authors":"S. Fritzsche, L. Jiao, Yuancheng Wang, J. Sienkiewicz","doi":"10.3390/atoms11050080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050080","url":null,"abstract":"The electron impact excitation and ionization processes are crucial for modeling the spectra of different astrophysical objects, from atmospheres of late-type stars to remnants of supernovae and up to the light emission from neutron star mergers, to name just a few. Despite their significance, however, little is known quantitatively about these processes for low- and medium-impact energies of, say, Ekin≲5000 eV of the free incident electron. To further explore the role of impact excitation, we here expanded Jac, the Jena Atomic Calculator, to the computation of distorted wave collision strengths for fine-structure-resolved, as well as configuration-averaged transitions. While we excluded the formation of dielectronic resonances, these tools can be readily applied for ions with a complex shell structure and by including the major relativistic contributions to these strengths. Detailed computations of the collision strengths are shown and explained for the impact excitation of lithium- and chlorine-like ions. When compared with other, well-correlated methods, good agreement was found, and hence, these tools will support studies of effective collision strengths for a wide range of electron impact energies, levels, and ionic charge states.","PeriodicalId":8629,"journal":{"name":"Atoms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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