{"title":"A novel nucleic acid analogue, 3'-amino-2'-deoxy-3',4'-BNA, with an N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate linkage and an S-type conformation.","authors":"Osamu Nakagawa, Akiko Hiroto, Satoshi Obika, Takeshi Imanishi","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel bridged nucleic acid, 3'-amino-2'-deoxy-3',4'-BNA, having an N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate linkage and an S-type conformation, was successfully synthesized. It showed selective hybridization ability toward ssDNA complements, and high enzymatic stability against snake venom phosphodiesterase.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"87-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40824649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of acridine moiety for binding and reaction of Cu(II)[1 ,4,7-triazacyclononane] with DNA.","authors":"Tomoya Hirohama, Makoto Chikira","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The orientation and the dynamic behavior of Cu(II) complex of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ([9]aneN3) and its acridine conjugate on B-form DNA fiber have been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. It has been shown that a Cu([9]aneN3)2+ binds to DNA with two different binding modes at room temperature; one species is rapidly moving and the other is immobilized randomly on the DNA. An introduction of acridine to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane fixed the orientation of all the Cu(II) complex with the g// axis perpendicular to DNA fiber axis, indicating that the tetragonal coordination plane is almost parallel to the DNA double helical axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"91-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40824651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deoxyribozymes that catalyze photochemistry: cofactor-dependent and -independent photorepair of thymine dimers.","authors":"Dipankar Sen, Daniel J F Chinnapen","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental strategies involving in vitro selection, designed to test the validity of the \"RNA World Hypothesis\", have demonstrated a significantly broader catalytic range for RNA (and, nucleic acids in general) than found in naturally occurring ribozymes. We wished to explore whether photochemical reactions could be catalyzed by nucleic acid enzymes. In vitro selection experiments were carried out to obtain \"photolyase\" deoxyribozymes, capable of photoreversing thymine cyclobutane dimers in the presence of a cofactor, serotonin. During in vitro selection from a thymine-dimer containing random DNA library, irradiated with light >300 nm, two pools of catalytic nucleic molecules emerged--one that required serotonin for activity, and another pool that, surprisingly, did not. Characterization of the serotonin-independent clones indicated the optimal wavelength for its repair activity (approximately 1,400-fold) to be approximately 300 nm, notably red-shifted from the absorption maximum of the DNA itself. The folded enzyme may contain a G-quadruplex (whose spectra have red-shifted tails relative to duplex absorbance), and our hypothesis has the folded enzyme as an antenna for the efficient channelling of light or electrons to the thymine dimer, much in the manner of protein photolyases.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"217-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40824938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transition state analogues for enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism.","authors":"Vern L Schramm","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of enzymatic transition states permits the logical design of transition state analogues. Kinetic isotope effects have been used to solve transition state structures for several N-ribosyltransferases. Nucleoside hydrolases from protozoan parasites show ribooxacarbenium ion character at their transition states, but with different extents of activation at the leaving group and the oxacarbenium ion. Transition state analogues are designed to capture these interactions and provide isozyme-specific inhibitors. Ricin A-chain is an RNA N-ribohydrolase for a single site on 28S rRNA. Its transition state resembles a fully dissociated ribooxacarbenium ion. A transition state analogue for ricin A-chain mimics the fully dissociated purine and cationic ribosyl transition state. The transition state for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is more dissociated than for the bovine enzyme. Immucillin-H, a powerful transition state inhibitor for human PNP, has entered clinical trials as an anti T-cell agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"107-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40825075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryoichi Asai, Shin I Nishimura, Katsutoshi Takahashi
{"title":"DNA aptamers that recognize fluorophore using on-chip screening in combination with an in silico evolution.","authors":"Ryoichi Asai, Shin I Nishimura, Katsutoshi Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We successfully developed a novel screening method for the acquisition of DNA aptamers. The technique selectively recognizes resorufin using on-chip screening in combination with an in silico evolution method. This method proved efficient for screening for DNA aptamers of single-stranded oligo-DNAs. A genetic algorithm was applied to make oligonucleotide sequences for the combinatorial library. A fluorophore, resorufin was applied to the ligand screening as a target. The affinity of the library was analyzed by the DNA microarray. This method for screening DNA ligands includes on-chip selection and a computer-evolved sequence, where the highest affinity was chosen. The fluorescence intensity of the library on the DNA microarray increased after three repetitions of the selection round.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"321-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40825093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two components model for the biological clock and its evaluation by computer.","authors":"Kazuo Yoshida","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two component interaction model for the circadian clock oscillator can easily explain the temperature independence. To verify this model, we successfully carried out Q10 calculation of each component and oscillator.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"329-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40825097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of functional genes by libraries of ribozymes and siRNAs.","authors":"Hiroaki Kawasaki, Tomoko Kuwabara, Makoto Miyagishi, Kazunari Taira","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Libraries were made of hammerhead ribozymes with randomized binding arms and/or of U6 and tRNA-driven siRNAs. Then, the libraries were introduced into cells either by transfection or by viral vectors. This procedure made it possible to readily identify the relevant genes associated with phenotype in the apoptosis, cancer metastasis, and/or cell differentiation pathways. This application of a randomized library represents a simple and yet powerful method for identification of functional genes associated with specific phenotypes in the post-genome era. Importantly, the identified functional genes originated from not only the coding region but also the noncoding region.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"331-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40825098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Important factors stabilizing stacking interaction between 3-nitropyrrole and natural nucleobases revealed by ab initio calculations.","authors":"Kohji Seio, Hisashi Ukawa, Koh-ichiro Shohda, Mitsuo Sekine","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stacking energies between canonical nucleobases and a universal base, 3-nitropyrrole (3-NP), were estimated by use of molecular orbital (MO) and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations. The detailed analysis of the energy profiles revealed the importance of the London dispersion energy to stabilize the stacked dimers and electrostatic interactions to determine the orientation of 3-NP to the nucleobases in the dimers. Although the energy profiles of 3-NP/natural base dimers obtained by the MO and MM calculations were qualitatively correlated with each other, the correlations were poorer than those obtained for the stacking between natural bases. The origin of the difference between 3-NP and natural bases will be discussed to understand the possibility and limitation of the current MM calculations for the simulation and design of other universal bases.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"49-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40825181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thymidine-based gelators: design, synthesis, and evaluation.","authors":"Sun Min Park, Young Ji Yun, Byeang Hyean Kim","doi":"10.1093/nass/3.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nass/3.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through the simple modification of nucleoside, a new class of organogelator was synthesized. Five kinds of thymidine-based organogelators gelated in various organic solvents. Their SEM microscopic images showed three different types. The driving force of gelation is mainly hydrogen bonding interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"27-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/nass/3.1.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40903174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Syntheses and structural studies of calix[4]arene-nucleoside and calix[4]arene-oligonucleotide hybrids.","authors":"Su Jeong Kim, Eun-Kyoung Bang, Byeang Hyean Kim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have synthesized three types of calix[4]arene-nucleoside hybrids efficiently by amide bond formation between the amine functional groups of 1,3-diamino-calix[4]arene and the carboxyl groups of thymidine nucleoside derivatives. X-Ray crystallography of a homocoupled calix[4]arene-nucleoside hybrid revealed an interesting hydrogen bonding pattern between thymine bases and the amide linkages. We designed the calix[4]arene-oligonucleotide hybrids to be V-shaped oligodeoxyribonucleotides and synthesized them by using a calix[4]arene-nucleoside hybrid as a key building block. Thermal denaturation experiments, monitored by UV spectroscopy at 260 and 284 nm, and circular dichroism spectra of the calix[4]arene-oligonucleotide hybrids suggest that the modified oligonucleotides indeed adopt V-shaped conformations, making them suitable for use as building blocks in the construction of programmed oligonucleotide nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":86149,"journal":{"name":"Nucleic acids research. Supplement (2001)","volume":" 3","pages":"31-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40903176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}