Atmospheric Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Long-term PM2.5 source apportionment at 12 sites in the western United States from 2000 to 2020","authors":"Kamaljeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Jenna R. Krall ,&nbsp;Cesunica Ivey ,&nbsp;Heather Holmes ,&nbsp;Kerry E. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term source attribution studies help evaluate the effectiveness of PM_2.5 reduction strategies, but inconsistencies in chemical speciation methods complicate source attribution. This study addresses these challenges by integrating Positive Matrix Factorization and Chemical Mass Balance to assess source contributions to PM_2.5 over a 20-year period (2000–2020) at 12 monitoring sites in five western U.S. states: Utah (Bountiful, Hawthorne, Lindon), California (Fresno, Bakersfield, Modesto, Visalia, Sacramento), Nevada (Reno, Las Vegas), Idaho (Boise), and Colorado (Commerce City). At each site, this study identified five to eight source factors including secondary ammonium nitrate (AN), secondary ammonium sulfate (AS), dust, chloride, organic carbon (OC) rich, elemental carbon (EC) rich, EC Cu rich, Cl Zn rich, and aged sea salt. Over two decades, PM_2.5 concentrations significantly declined (−0.38 to −0.037 μg/m³ per year) at all sites except Boise and Commerce City. Declines in AN, AS, EC rich, and EC Cu rich concentrations suggest the role of stringent national regulations on mobile, point, and area sources, resulting in reductions in NO_x, SO₂, and direct PM_2.5 emissions. Despite increasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT), EC rich (vehicle) concentrations decreased, indicating the importance of lower per-vehicle emissions. Winter OC rich concentrations, linked to biomass burning, saw the largest seasonal decline due to national and local efforts to curb residential wood combustion emissions. In contrast, dust concentrations generally increased, likely driven by rising regional aridity and VMT. These findings underscore the long-term effectiveness of air-quality policies in reducing PM_2.5 concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field evaluation of ammonia emissions, yield performance, and profitability under four nitrogen fertilizers in vegetable cultivation","authors":"Oyunerdene Boldsaikhan ,&nbsp;Eun-Chae Im ,&nbsp;Jae-In Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Gu Lee ,&nbsp;Seong-Jik Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from vegetable cropping systems represent a significant pathway for nitrogen loss, leading to soil acidification and atmospheric pollution. This two-year field study (2022–2023) investigated the impacts of four nitrogen fertilizers—urea (UR), ammonium sulfate (AS), composite fertilizer (CMP), and latex-coated urea (LCU)—on NH₃ emissions, crop yield, and economic viability in fields of potatoes and Chinese cabbage. NH₃ fluxes were quantified using a static chamber method, and a Random Forest analysis identified fertilizer type, soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture as primary factors influencing daily emissions. Partial dependence analysis revealed that soil moisture had a dual effect on NH₃ volatilization, with fluxes decreasing at 8–20 % but increasing again above 20 %. Compared to UR, AS and CMP significantly reduced cumulative NH₃ losses by 35.8 % and 49.5 % in potatoes, and by 80.3 % and 52.5 % in cabbage, respectively. LCU reduced NH₃ emissions in cabbage by 51.3 % but showed inconsistent effects in potatoes, likely due to soil moisture and coating degradation. Economic analysis revealed that AS provided the highest net benefit in potato production, increasing profitability by 24.9 % over UR; this was followed by CMP at 11.5 % and LCU at 5.8 %. In contrast, UR was the most profitable fertilizer for cabbage, while LCU (−31.9 %) and AS (−29.9 %) reduced net returns due to higher costs and lower yields. These results highlight the necessity of selecting nitrogen fertilizers based on crop type and field conditions to simultaneously minimize NH₃ losses and optimize economic returns in vegetable production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen harvested from trees as a biomonitor of atmospheric pollution by semi-volatile compounds in an urban area: benzo(a)pyrene extracted from samples of Cupressus sempervirens pollen grains and PM10","authors":"Juan J. Hidalgo-Barquero ,&nbsp;Selena Carretero-Peña ,&nbsp;Eduardo Pinilla-Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a known toxic air pollutant regulated by ambient air quality regulations, can adhere to pollen grains from the gaseous phase or bound to adsorbed atmospheric particles. This study investigated the applicability of a method based on microwave extraction and HPLC-FD (fluorescence detection) to measure BaP attached to airborne pollen samples of <em>Cupressus sempervirens</em> collected from the urban area of Badajoz (Spain) during the species' peak pollination month (February) to assess the variability of BaP levels. After testing the analytical quality of the method, we sampled and assayed pollen samples collected from trees located in Badajoz (Southwest Spain) urban areas, finding BaP levels ranging between 84.9 and 140.6 μg kg⁻¹. The results were significantly higher than those measured in pollen samples collected at a rural unpolluted site (mean value 87.7 μg kg⁻¹). As a reference, we simultaneously measured PM concentration (PM₁₀, PM_2,5 and PM₁) and BaP concentration in PM₁₀ samples collected by high-volume sampling at an official air quality surveillance unit in the city (range 2.39–11.29 mg kg⁻¹). BaP levels in the pollen samples assayed reflect the urban variability in terms of emission sources contributing to BaP pollution, with higher values in pollen collected from trees in urban locations exposed to dense traffic and lower values in quiet pedestrian areas. These results suggest that <em>Cupressus sempervirens</em> pollen grains harvested from trees could be effective air pollution biomonitors for atmospheric BaP in urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaerosol and their health risk assessment: A multi-location yearlong study over an urban non-attainment city","authors":"Jyotishree Nath ,&nbsp;Sony Pandey ,&nbsp;Boopathy Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Trupti Das","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioaerosols are an integral part of myriad toxic components in ambient particulate matter (PM) that pose a serious health risk while contributing to degradation of air quality. In this context a yearlong (June 2022–May 2023) diversity study of bacteria, fungus and PM_2.5 in ambient air was conducted at three distinct locations- dump yard (DY), open market (OM), and clean office campus (OC) at Bhubaneswar, a major non-attainment city in eastern coast of India. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and health risk assessment analysis was also performed. The overall bacterial concentration at DY (105 ± 10), OM (204 ± 21), and OC (34 ± 05) CFU/m³ × 10² was higher than that of fungus at DY (12 ± 05), OM (14 ± 06), and OC (10 ± 07) CFU/m³ × 10². <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> were common across all the three sites. Biomolecular profiling revealed maximum bacterial diversity at OM with the presence of gram-negative pathogens such as <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em>. Irrespective of the site, all the bacterial and fungal strains were susceptible to azithromycin and canditral, respectively. Most of the strains from OM and DY were resistant to the antimicrobial agents. Health risk assessment showed the vulnerability of children to microbial exposures and males to short-term inhalation. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and negative association with PM_2.5 and temperature respectively. The current findings provide novel seasonal data in ambient air of an urban set up on microbial diversity, their anti-microbial properties and hazard index. These are crucial information for the stakeholders and urban planners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal of indoor air pollutant limit values for Turkish schools based on a literature review of emission sources, concentrations, health effects, and limits/guidelines","authors":"Sait Cemil Sofuoglu ,&nbsp;Akif Ari ,&nbsp;Mihriban Civan ,&nbsp;Yetkin Dumanoglu ,&nbsp;Gulen Gullu ,&nbsp;Sibel Mentese ,&nbsp;Burcu Onat ,&nbsp;Ülkü Alver Şahin ,&nbsp;Macit Toksoy","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limit Values Working Group (LVWG) was established under Indoor Air Quality Committee of Turkish Climatization Assembly of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye. LVWG was tasked with reviewing the pertinent literature on indoor emission sources, concentrations in schools, health effects, and existing limit and guideline values to identify the indoor air pollutants that need to be addressed and to be recommended a limit value for Turkish schools. LVWG members took responsibilities based on their individual expertise. The recommendations were concluded in consensus decision-making after in-group discussions. A total of 19 pollutants/pollutant groups (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, radon, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, trihalomethanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, organophosphate esters, phthalate esters, particulate matter, bioaerosols (bacteria, fungi, viruses), microbial pollutants and allergens) were reviewed. Limit values were recommended for 11 pollutants/groups based on the current knowledge, i.e. pollutant health effects and indoor air concentrations taking into account the exposure duration, the prevalence of existing limit/guideline values and the health effects on which they are based.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and source analysis of carbonyl compounds in a rural area of north China Plain: Results from 1-year continuous observations","authors":"Wenxin Cao ,&nbsp;Xuran Li ,&nbsp;Shuyang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinyong Yang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu ,&nbsp;Chengtang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Mu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonyl compounds are significant in atmospheric chemistry and human health, yet their sources, especially in rural areas, remain incompletely characterized. Long-term measurements (June 2020–July 2021) at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) identified formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone as the dominant carbonyls, collectively accounting for 71 % of the total. Concentrations exhibited distinct seasonal patterns, with the highest levels observed for all three compounds during autumn. Analysis of C1/C2 ratios and correlation analysis indicated anthropogenic emissions as the primary source overall. Notably, during autumn, strong mutual correlations among formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were observed, contrasting with weaker correlations to CO and O₃. Supplementary experiments confirmed that mechanical corn stover crushing releases substantial amounts of carbonyls. These convergent findings demonstrate that large-scale seasonal agricultural activities, particularly corn stover crushing and agricultural machinery during harvest periods, constitute a major and previously underappreciated source of carbonyl emissions in the NCP region, necessitating greater attention in emission inventories and mitigation strategies. Furthermore, integrated lifetime cancer risk (ILTCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) assessments indicated that formaldehyde concentrations pose a potential lifetime carcinogenic risk to the local population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban atmospheric volatile organic compounds pollution in Kazakhstan: Trends, sources identification, and health risk assessment","authors":"Olga P. Ibragimova ,&nbsp;Anara Omarova ,&nbsp;Kazbek Tursun ,&nbsp;Diana Sovetova ,&nbsp;Bauyrzhan Bukenov ,&nbsp;Nassiba Baimatova","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant atmospheric pollutants that cause adverse effects on climate and public health, impact demographics, and economic losses. VOCs contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), exacerbating smog and global warming. While VOCs are recognized globally as precursors, regions like Kazakhstan lack sufficient monitoring and assessments for effective air quality. This first comprehensive, year-long study (2022–2023) conducted in two urban cities in Kazakhstan assesses seasonal variations, characterizes sources using HYSPLIT and diagnostic ratios, and quantifies health risks. Annual 18 VOC concentrations were 0.07–12.03 μg/m³ in Almaty and 0.10–5.52 μg/m³ in Astana. HYSPLIT results demonstrated Almaty's seasonal VOC variations reflect local and transboundary sources, peaking in winter due to stagnant conditions, while Astana's air masses consistently revealed influences from petrochemical, combustion, and industrial activities. Almaty exhibited a higher cumulative non-carcinogenic risk (HI = 0.66) than Astana (0.27), with benzene, xylenes, and naphthalene as main contributors. HI exceeded the risk threshold (21 out of 97 sampling days) in winter and spring in Almaty, while Astana's risks remain negligible. Mean cumulative lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) in Almaty (3.14 × 10⁻⁴) indicated a higher cancer risk (314 cases/million) than Astana (103 cases/million), with benzene as the primary contributor to LTCR (Almaty: 67.6%, Astana: 87.0%). VOCs' reactivity linked xylenes, toluene, and pseudocumene contributed &gt;80% to ozone formation potential, and BTEX &gt;96% to SOA formation potential in both cities. The study recommends prioritizing regulations on reactive VOCs (BTEX, pseudocumene), with stricter benzene limits to meet WHO standards and reduce health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of personal exposure to emerging organic compounds in relation to occupational settings using silicone wristbands","authors":"Óscar Gómez ,&nbsp;Noelia Ramírez ,&nbsp;Laura Vallecillos ,&nbsp;Francesc Borrull","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in everyday products such as fragrances, preservatives and solvents are of concern because of their high concentrations in humans. These concentrations are associated with high daily exposure to cleaning and personal care products, especially in indoor environments with poor ventilation or frequent use of such products (<em>e.g.</em> hairdressing salons). In this study, we developed a fast and robust analytical method to evaluate personal exposure to EOCs depending on the occupational environment, using silicone wristbands (SWBs) as passive samplers. A multiresidue method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was optimised and validated to detect the following 22 EOCs: six synthetic musk fragrances, nine fragrances, two preservatives and five solvents. This method provided recoveries between 27 % and 92 % on sampled SWBs and method quantification limits between 0.006 μg/g and 0.11 μg/g. Applicability was tested in four different occupational settings with a pilot group of adults in Tarragona (Spain). Most of the target compounds were found at quantifiable levels, thus confirming the effectiveness of SWBs as personal passive samplers of EOCs. Musk fragrances stood out from the rest, with average concentrations of 18 μg/g and 9.4 μg/g in individuals working in offices and hairdressing salons, respectively. Galaxolide had the highest average concentrations, with values ranging from 2.0 μg/g to 14 μg/g. Risk assessment showed that musks, followed by solvents and preservatives, contributed the most to estimated daily intake. Non-carcinogenic dermal risk values were below safety thresholds, thus confirming that risk across all occupational settings evaluated was not significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking dust source susceptibility mapping and land use change in Middle East","authors":"Mahdi Boroughani ,&nbsp;Mahnaz Naemi ,&nbsp;Sima Pourhashemi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Zangane Asadi ,&nbsp;Ali Al-Hemoud ,&nbsp;Ghadeer Al-Qadeeri","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle East region, with its semi-arid and arid climate and position adjacent to the vast deserts, is highly prone to land degradation and dust storms. Land-use changes and urbanization over the last decades have added extra pressure on the environment at an ever-increasing pace. This study aimed to simulate future land-use changes for 2040, 2070, and 2100 using the CA-Markov model and to evaluate their impact on dust storm occurrence. Dust Storm Sensitivity Mapping (DSM) was conducted using three machine-learning models) BA, XGB, and CA) based on 1634 dust occurrence points and nine environmental factors. Validation results indicated that the BA model had better performance than the other models, with SPF = 83.55 % and AUC = 0.821. Statistical tests (Friedman and Wilcoxon) confirmed the existence of significant differences between the performances of models at the 95 % CI. Land use simulations project a substantial increase in barren lands and areas with no vegetation between 2040–2070 and 2070–2100, mainly caused by unsustainable land management, overgrazing, deforestation, and inefficient agricultural practices, which results in soil degradation and reduced capacity for vegetation cover. Further, urban expansion and population growth were determined to accelerate the degradation of agricultural plots. Sensitivity maps confirmed that significant parts of the Middle East lie in high to very high dust hazard zones, triggered by geomorphological factors, climatic change, socioeconomic pressures, and geopolitical tensions. Integration with machine-learning models accomplished high accuracy in DSM, offering reliable tools for regional planning. The study highlights that if there is no proper land management, future land-use patterns will significantly increase dust storm events. This study provides policymakers and planners with valuable insights for implementing sustainable land-use strategies and targeted mitigation measures to reduce dust-related hazards in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of rain on aerosol morphology and chemical composition across size fractions in Hyderabad, India","authors":"Chaithanya D. Jain ,&nbsp;R. Mohandoss ,&nbsp;B. L. Madhavan ,&nbsp;M. Venkat Ratnam ,&nbsp;A. Kalyan Teja ,&nbsp;Renju Nandan ,&nbsp;S. Sindhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed analysis of the effects of rain on aerosol morphology and chemical composition in Hyderabad (17.5° N, 78.6° E), a tropical urban site in southern peninsular India. It marks the first comprehensive size-segregated study in the region, analyzing aerosols of aerodynamic sizes 2.5 μm, 1.4 μm, and 0.44 μm before and after rain events, alongside rainwater ion analysis to assess scavenging effects. Multiple techniques were used, including ion chromatography, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Results show a pronounced washing effect on inorganic components, while organic matter, particularly biogenic content, increased after rainfall. Despite rain, much of the organic fraction remained intact. EDAX confirmed a high carbon content and the presence of metal ions, such as Si, Al, Na, Ca, Fe, and Zn, originating from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Morphological analysis revealed diverse particle shapes;cubical, spherical, and columnar inorganic forms, along with biogenic particles resembling insect parts. UV–Vis results indicated high pre-rain transparency (∼99 %) in the visible range, which declined post-rain, highlighting aerosol removal. This study enhances understanding of aerosol-rain interactions in tropical urban atmospheres, informing air quality and climate models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}