Atmospheric Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Modulation mechanisms of seasonal PM2.5 by 2D/3D urban morphology under background meteorological conditions: Insights from a GAM-based analysis","authors":"Mengbo Wu ,&nbsp;Na Liu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wei ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xia ,&nbsp;Tianqi Li ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban morphology and meteorological conditions jointly influence the spatial and temporal dynamics of PM_2.5 pollution. Although previous studies have examined their individual effects, the synergistic impacts of three-dimensional (3D) morphology and seasonal meteorological variations remain insufficiently explored. To address this gap, this study integrated 2D/3D urban morphological factors—2D (planar) factors such as road density (RD), edge density (ED), and NDVI, and 3D (volumetric) factors such as building volume density (BVD) and floor area ratio (FAR)—with background meteorological data, employing a generalized additive model (GAM) combined with shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a game-theory-based approach used to quantify variable importance and interpret nonlinear effects, to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and driving mechanisms of PM_2.5 pollution within the Fourth Ring of Zhengzhou, North China Plain. Results revealed distinct seasonal “hot-spot” and “cold-spot” patterns. During spring and summer, large-scale (≥1000 m) 3D morphological factors dominated PM_2.5 accumulation, with building height density (BHD) and building height standard deviation (BHSD) explaining 66.3 % and 56.3 % of variance, respectively. In contrast, during autumn and winter, small-scale (&lt;300 m) 2D landscape metrics such as landscape shape index (LSI) and Shannon's evenness index (SHEI) contributed 88.1 % and 54.1 %. Annually, RD and BVD explained 43.1 % and 45.0 % of PM_2.5 variation, indicating the persistent influence of urban road networks. Meteorological factors—temperature (Temp), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (AWS)—modulated these relationships through atmospheric mixing and accumulation. These findings provide insights for targeted, seasonal pollution control strategies and optimized urban design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 102817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the drivers of light extinction due to PM2.5 at a regional site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain","authors":"Adnan Mateen Qadri ,&nbsp;Saifi Izhar ,&nbsp;Tarun Gupta ,&nbsp;Sauryadeep Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Abhijit Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), one of the most polluted and densely populated regions globally, frequently experiences severe haze and visibility degradation linked to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). This study evaluates the influence of PM_2.5 on light extinction by examining the contributions of its chemical components and emission sources. Light extinction coefficients (bext) were calculated using the revised IMPROVE algorithm. Organic matter (OM) was the dominant contributor to light extinction (43 %), followed by ammonium sulfate seasonally, OM had the largest impact in winter (50 %) and post-monsoon (44 %), while sulfate dominated during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods (43 % each). Source apportionment identified six major contributors to PM_2.5: biomass burning, vehicular emissions, resuspended dust, secondary aerosols, a chloride-rich source, and industrial emissions. Biomass burning (39 %), secondary aerosols (23 %), and vehicular emissions (15 %) were the most significant contributors overall, with biomass burning peaking during winter and post-monsoon. A multiple linear regression analysis linked secondary aerosols (43 %), vehicular emissions (30 %), and biomass burning (25 %) to light extinction. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted air quality management strategies and highlight how emissions from regional combustion sources can drive atmospheric visibility degradation—offering insights relevant to other polluted regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating effect of sleep duration and depressive symptoms on the association of volatile organic compounds with cardiovascular disease in the general population","authors":"Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Yinghui Ju ,&nbsp;Menglin Wang ,&nbsp;Guojun Hong ,&nbsp;Rui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, with air pollution increasingly implicated as a risk factor. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), widespread ambient pollutants, pose significant health risks; however, their specific association with CVD risk remains insufficiently explored. This study investigated associations between VOC exposure and CVD risk and evaluated the mediating roles of sleep duration and depressive symptoms. We analyzed data from 2918 U.S. adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations of six VOCs with CVD risk were assessed using weighted logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g-computation (QGC). Mediation analyses examined the contributions of sleep duration and depressive symptoms. After full covariate adjustment, benzene, styrene, and toluene were significantly associated with elevated CVD risk (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.77–2.09). Mixed-exposure analyses confirmed positive associations, with styrene contributing the highest weights (WQS: OR = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.05, 2.30; QGC: OR = 1.62, 95 % CI: 1.25, 2.10). Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations among women and smokers. Sleep duration and depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationships between individual VOCs (benzene, styrene, toluene), combined VOC exposure, and CVD risk, explaining 6.39 %–22.78 % of the total effect. Furthermore, a serial mediation pathway (sleep duration → depressive symptoms) mediated these associations (proportion mediated: 2.44 %–2.63 %). These findings suggest that VOC exposure may increase CVD risk, partly through adverse effects on sleep and mental health. Addressing sleep deficits and depressive symptoms in exposed populations could be critical for mitigating CVD burden and improving public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a chemical transport model and satellite measurements to assess ship-induced NO2 concentrations in the Barents and Kara Sea region","authors":"Nikolai Figenschau,&nbsp;Jinmei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past decade, ship traffic and the associated atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) have significantly increased in the Barents and Kara Sea region. Despite the rapid growth in ship traffic and NO_x emissions, research on the impact of these developments on regional air quality in the data-sparse Arctic remains limited. This study assesses the impact of recent changes in ship traffic on regional atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations for the years 2015, 2019, and 2021, utilizing the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme's Meteorological Synthesizing Center – West (EMEP) chemical transport model (CTM). The feasibility of using Copernicus Sentinel-5P Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) NO₂ tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs), adjusted with EMEP CTM vertical profiles as an independent reference for model evaluation in 2019 and 2021. The study reveals a continuous increase in ship-induced NO₂ surface concentrations from 2015 to 2021. The contribution of the shipping sector is substantial (40–90 %), particularly during summer and in areas with dense shipping activities, such as the Gulf of Ob, where shipping has shifted from having a seasonal to a year-round impact. The comparison between modelled NO₂ concentrations and TROPOMI NO₂ VCDs showed weak to moderate positive correlations, with stronger relationships observed in specific subareas with high ship traffic, like the Gulf of Ob. This demonstrates the potential of combining satellite data with CTMs to assess the impact of ship traffic on regional air quality in high latitudes. Ultimately, this study highlights the significant impact the shipping sector already has on regional air quality, underscoring the need for continued monitoring and assessment of ongoing human activities and their future impact on the Arctic environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new strategy to simulate daily spatial distributions of urban air pollutants based on land use regression in Wuhan, China","authors":"Ya Tian ,&nbsp;Gang Xu ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao ,&nbsp;Hui Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops daily-scale land-use regression (LUR) models to simulate high-resolution spatiotemporal maps of air pollutant concentrations in Wuhan from November 2015 to October 2019. Eight buffer scales ranging from 100 m to 5000 m are established around the monitoring sites and incorporate geographic prediction variables, including land use, elevation, nighttime light, road length, and population density. By analyzing the temporal variation in six air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, O₃, CO, and SO₂), this study further evaluates how predictor effects vary with spatial scale. Results show that the relationships between geographic prediction variables and pollutant concentration varies across different scales, with the most frequently selected scales in the models being 100 m and 500 m. Moreover, this study finds that built-up land within 3000m contributes 22.92 % to overall pollutant levels and 43.54 % to PM₁₀ concentration. Therefore, this study not only overcomes the limitations of traditional LUR models in capturing fine-scale temporal resolution but also provides a basis for health impact assessment of air pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approaches for real-time probabilistic source term estimation of puff releases in urban microenvironments","authors":"John G. Bartzis ,&nbsp;Spyros Andronopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a deliberate or accidental release of an airborne hazardous chemical, biological or radiological pollutant/agent occurs, there is need for timely and effective response. It is essential for the ‘operator in charge’, once a specific pollutant is detected, to be able to know as soon as possible, even in real time, besides the potential location, the estimated amount of the release and its associated uncertainty. Within this context, a radically new modelling concept is under development based on the combined use of existing atmospheric dispersion models together with the new knowledge gained by the in depth studies of the pollutant concentration stochastic behaviour. The new method has been applied with remarkable success for continuous releases in urban microenvironment. This paper expands the method to puff releases, i.e., nearly instantaneous or with time duration of seconds or minutes. It is noted that for a release of such duration the path of the puff is completely stochastic putting additional challenges in the relevant modelling approaches. The proposed method is evaluated through a case study drawn from the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiments and concerns successive nearly instantaneous puffs of SF₆ tracer gas released at street level in a built-up urban centre (Oklahoma City). The results have shown the strength of the proposed approach to cope with such challenges by producing good results in real conditions even with limited input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of atmospheric fine and ultrafine particulate matter and novel PAH diagnostic ratios from northern Thailand forest fires","authors":"Nobchonnee Nim ,&nbsp;Perapong Tekasakul ,&nbsp;Racha Dejchanchaiwong ,&nbsp;Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul ,&nbsp;Manya Nakpon ,&nbsp;John Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fires from deciduous dipterocarp forests (DDF) and mixed deciduous forests (MDF) in northern Thailand during haze episodes remarkably affect the ambient fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM), along with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Average mass concentrations of atmospheric fine and ultrafine particles during haze periods were 2.0–4.8 and 1.7–3.7 times higher than those during normal and transition periods, respectively. <em>Dominant</em> PAHs emitted from forest fires were pyrene (Pyr; 4-rings), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF; 5-rings), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiPe; 6-rings). High molecular weight PAHs constituted a large proportion of total PAHs across all particle sizes. Size distribution of 4-ring PAHs from major vegetation fires in DDF and MDF peaked in the accumulation mode (1.75 μm), whereas 5- and 6-ring PAHs peaked at 0.75 μm. Emission factors were 0.01–0.35 g/kg for PM_0.1, 0.16–1.4 g/kg for PM₁, and 0.24–1.55 g/kg for PM_2.5; for PM-bound PAHs, they were 18–276 μg/kg, 165–874 μg/kg, and 199–989 μg/kg, respectively. A new binary PAH diagnostic ratio—BbF/(BbF + indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IDP)) = 0.45–0.76 <em>vs</em> IDP/(IDP + BghiPe) = 0.23–0.45—was an effective indicator for PM_0.1, PM₁, and PM_2.5 in fires from DDF and MDF forests. This was verified using a chemical mass balance model and backward trajectory analysis. Results obtained improve understanding of fine and ultrafine particle emission sources from forest fires in upper Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating magnetic properties of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) at Brasília bus station, central Brazil","authors":"Poliana Dutra Maia ,&nbsp;Elder Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Luiza de Souza Romano ,&nbsp;Guilherme Gomide ,&nbsp;Jerome Depeyrot ,&nbsp;Sebastião William da Silva ,&nbsp;Myller de Sousa Tonhá","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the Saturation Magnetization (M_S) in PM₁₀ particles collected at a central bus station in Brasília from 2018 to 2019, exploring its relationship with chemical elements (total metals - Fe, V, Cu, Mn, Sr, Cd - and ions - Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻) and meteorological variables (relative humidity and global radiation). M_S was measured using a S700X SQUID magnetometer and modeled with the Langevin equation, yielding values between 0.114 and 1.407 Am²/kg (n = 13), with a standard deviation of 0.01–0.1. Statistical analysis revealed similar median values between M_S and the studied variables, indicating shared sources of PM₁₀. The higher total concentrations of metals (Fe &gt; Sr &gt; Mn) and ions (Ca²⁺ = 30 %, Na⁺ = 23 % of total ions) suggest a natural origin of PM₁₀, likely from soil minerals. In contrast, metals (Cu, V, Cd, Ni, Co and Zn) and ions (SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻) of anthropogenic origin were associated with vehicle emissions and road dust. FTIR spectroscopy identified magnetite as the dominant magnetic carrier in PM₁₀, with absorption peaks at 570 and 390 cm⁻¹, and particle sizes ranging from 8.5 to 11 nm, although a broader size range (8–33 nm) was also observed. This supports the formation of heterogeneous particles through mineral-metal or carbonaceous adsorption, as confirmed by morphological data. The temporal distribution of M_S in PM₁₀ samples showed peak values during the rainy season, despite no direct correlation with the studied variables, suggesting that iron solubility in minerals may influence the saturation magnetization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of PM2.5 trends and source factors in urban and rural locations in Bangladesh","authors":"Shahid Uz Zaman ,&nbsp;Shatabdi Roy ,&nbsp;Benjamin de Foy ,&nbsp;Rakibul Omar ,&nbsp;Md Abdullah Al-Amin ,&nbsp;Prakash Bhave ,&nbsp;Michael Howard Bergin ,&nbsp;James Jay Schauer ,&nbsp;Abdus Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution remains a critical environmental and public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Although urban air pollution has received significant attention, rural areas also experience high PM_2.5 concentrations. In this study, a low-cost sensor (LCS) network was deployed across five locations: Dhaka, Rajshahi, Panchagarh, Netrokona, and Bhola from April 2022 to September 2023 to assess local and regional sources of PM_2.5. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to analyze the influence of meteorology and source contributions on observed PM_2.5 concentrations. The highest PM_2.5 levels were recorded in Netrokona (212.81 ± 64.5 μgm⁻³), followed by Panchagarh (128.6 ± 71.7 μgm⁻³), Rajshahi (110.4 ± 48.5 μgm⁻³), Dhaka (105.1 ± 55.7 μgm⁻³) and Bhola (82.2 ± 36.2 μgm⁻³). A consistent diurnal pattern was observed across all sites, characterized by two peaks in the morning and evening. GAM analysis revealed that the boundary layer height had the lowest influence in Bhola and Panchagarh, while Dhaka exhibited the highest contribution. The contribution of long-range transport was found uniform at all the sites. The Trajectory Cluster Concentration Impact (TCCI) showed that the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is responsible for the enhancement of 50 μgm⁻³ at all the sites. However, wind transported from the Bay of Bengal associates PM_2.5 reduction of 20–40 μgm⁻³. Impacts of local winds on the PM_2.5 concentrations in the GAM simulations suggested that winds from the northwest are associated with higher PM_2.5. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive air quality management strategies that extend beyond major urban centers to include rural and semi-urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the control effectiveness in mitigation acid deposition in a valley city in China","authors":"Yaoqian Zhong ,&nbsp;Yaqian You ,&nbsp;Ya Yan ,&nbsp;Longjie He ,&nbsp;Wei Tong ,&nbsp;Jia Xing ,&nbsp;Jianwu Shi ,&nbsp;Ping Ning ,&nbsp;Jiming Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In valley cities, gaseous precursors emitted from near-source can rapidly deposit and give rise to localized acid rain. The presence of local slope changes and convective meteorology facilitates the convergence of pollutants, thereby reducing the likelihood of atmospheric SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> being transported to other regions through atmospheric movement, while increasing their susceptibility to exacerbating the acid deposition process. In our study, a decade-long dataset of precipitation samples was collected and analyzed. Subsequently, emission scenarios were simulated using high-resolution nested domains in the meteorological field-driven source-directed CMAQ model generated by the WRF model. Our findings demonstrate that effective management of regional SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions plays a pivotal role in regulating precipitation pH. Two control scenarios (reduction and relocation) conducted an evaluation and comparison of these approaches. The source reduction scenario effectively ensures that annual average SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> levels remain below the threshold of 24 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> by maintaining total industrial emissions below 2,561.62 tonnes. However, it is important to note that there are significant seasonal variations in industrial emission limits due to climate and precipitation. In the migration scenario (ignoring terrain), the environmental SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in the study area was significantly reduced by an average of 16 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Compared with source abatement, the relocation of energy-intensive industries to regions characterized by lower relative humidity mitigates pollution impacts on mountainous cities and ensures long-term economic benefits. Under complex terrain and small range of special meteorological conditions, the influencing factors of air pollution process and how to implement effective control strategies deserve continuous attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}