Atmospheric Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Great tit rather than blue tit indicates metallic pollution: a multi-element analysis around nickel smelter","authors":"Martina Piroutková ,&nbsp;Lenka Husáková ,&nbsp;Jozef Kováčik ,&nbsp;Jan Patočka","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-element composition (54 elements) of tit feathers (great tit – <em>Parus major</em> and blue tit – <em>Parus caeruleus</em>) captured near a nickel smelter dump (site P) was compared with a control site (C) in Slovakia. Major elements present in dump sludge (Fe, Cr, Ni, and Co, but not Mn) and many other elements, including lanthanides (ranging from &lt;1 ng Lu/g to &gt;100 ng Ce/g) and toxic elements (As, Pb, Cd, Sn, Cs, U), showed statistical differences between sites C and P in the great tit but not in the blue tit. However, the controls of both species differed, typically with a higher abundance of elements in the control blue tit. In contrast, differences between species at site P were often insignificant: these findings indicate that toxic elements tend to accumulate more in the feathers of <em>P. major</em> when exposed to them in the environment (nickel smelter dump in this case), making this species a more suitable bioindicator. Nevertheless, the absolute content of toxic or trace elements in both species was lower than reported for these species in other countries affected by environmental burdens, indicating the surprising cleanliness of the surroundings of the investigated dump (e.g., only up to 13.2 ng Cd or 1.11 μg Pb/g of feather at site P). Species separation was confirmed by PCA analyses performed on predictors selected using neighborhood component analysis (NCA).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the “South-High North-Low” phenomenon of aerosol distribution and its characteristics in the Beijing plain area","authors":"Jie Su ,&nbsp;Ju Li ,&nbsp;Jingjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Junxia Dou ,&nbsp;Youjun Dou ,&nbsp;Shaoying Shi ,&nbsp;Yaoting Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the “South-High North-Low” (SHNL) spatial distribution of aerosol pollution in the Beijing area, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of aerosol and influencing mechanisms using hourly PM_2.5 concentrations (diameter ≤2.5 μm) data collected from 33 air quality stations in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. PM_2.5 concentrations in the Beijing plain generally decreased, but the SHNL pattern remained prominent, with PM_2.5 emission sources in Beijing and its surroundings showing a “south-strong, north-weak” distribution as an essential prerequisite. Between southern and northern regions, the maximum annual aerosol concentration difference (ACD) was 16.0 μg m⁻³, and the maximum seasonal ACD occurred in winter (24.1 μg m⁻³) when the SHNL pattern was most prevalent. Higher Aerosol Concentration in Southern region (HACIS) is the dominant pollution type. Two distinct types of pollution events were analyzed. The HACIS type pollution event originated from synergistic effect of weak southerly and strong northerly winds. The HACIN (Higher Aerosol Concentration in Northern region) event originated from synergistic effect of stronger southerly and weaker northerly winds. The Regional Air-pollutant Distribution Regulator (RADR), defined as a local endogenous wind system (including mountain-plain circulation, urban heat island circulation, and sea-land breezes) and their interactions, plays a key regulatory role in shaping pollution distribution. This study aims to lay a preliminary foundation for understanding Beijing's aerosol pollution dynamics and may be of some relevance for developing targeted pollution control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiphysics Method for Increasing Model Background Error in the Aerosol Data Assimilation with an Ensemble Kalman Filter","authors":"Seunghee Lee ,&nbsp;Myong-In Lee ,&nbsp;Wooseok Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the issue of insufficient ensemble spread in the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) for aerosol data assimilation, which limits the adequate reflection of observational data. To address this, new methods are proposed to increase ensemble spread by incorporating multiple parameterizations for planetary boundary layer (PBL) and cloud microphysics in each ensemble run, representing model uncertainty in physical parameterizations. Variations in wind speed, rather than temperature or relative humidity, effectively induce more perturbations in the PBL, improving aerosol simulation uncertainty and successfully transferring the data assimilation impact to the upper atmosphere. This approach significantly increases model background errors, thereby improving surface PM_2.5 analysis quality and forecasting skills for PM_2.5 by up to 24 h. The results highlight the importance of considering uncertainties in meteorological states, particularly in PBL schemes, for advancing PM_2.5 data assimilation and forecasting performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental characterization of nitrophenols components in aromatic secondary organic aerosol in presence of sodium nitrate fine particles","authors":"Mincong Zhu ,&nbsp;Mingqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Guangzhen Gao ,&nbsp;Xingqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Shunyou Cai ,&nbsp;Weixiong Zhao ,&nbsp;Changjin Hu ,&nbsp;Xuejun Gu ,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrophenols (NPs) components of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have strong light absorption ability and toxicity, which exacerbate haze pollution and endanger human health. The formation of SOA particles by atmospheric chemical processes of aromatic compounds in presence of sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) fine particles are simulated in current study. Chemical components and optical properties of NPs are characterized using mass spectrometer and spectroscopic instruments. The on-line measurement of aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer and verification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometer demonstrate that nitrophenol, dinitrophenol, nitro-dihydroxybenzene, and dinitro-dihydroxybenzene are major NPs products for aromatic SOA in presence of NaNO₃ fine particles. Also, these aromatic SOA particles possess fluorescence characteristics, and they exhibit the highest fluorescence intensity at 398 nm when excited by 363 nm ultraviolet light. Averaged mass absorption coefficient (<em>&lt;MAC&gt;</em>) of SOA in 200–600 nm is between 279 and 512 cm²/g, indicating strong absorption ability. Comprehensively considering the steric hindrance and electron donating effects of substituents for methyl and ethyl, mass concentration, <em>&lt;MAC&gt;</em> and the emitted 398 nm fluorescence intensity of aromatic SOA particles exhibit the pattern of benzene &gt; ethylbenzene &gt; toluene &gt; p-xylene &gt;1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. These provide experimental references for studying chemical composition and optics of NPs in anthropogenic SOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102847"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From application in the fields to dispersion in the atmosphere: A narrative review on airborne pesticides and their monitoring in France","authors":"K. Guillaume ,&nbsp;O. Cesbron ,&nbsp;N. Bonvallot ,&nbsp;O. Le Bihan","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides, widely used to enhance agricultural productivity, are increasingly monitored and consequently detected in the atmosphere, raising concerns for environmental and human health. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the main pathways of atmospheric contamination, namely spray drift, volatilization, and wind erosion, and the key physicochemical, environmental, and operational factors that govern pesticide dispersion. It also evaluates modeling approaches and monitoring initiatives, with a particular focus on France, where recent studies have revealed regional patterns, persistence of banned substances, and the influence of agricultural practices. The review underscores the need for more comprehensive models, integrated monitoring frameworks, and targeted policies to better assess and mitigate airborne pesticide pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM2.5, black carbon and exposure risk from vehicle traffic: exploratory insights from continuous monitoring and particle characterization","authors":"Gabriela Alejandra Abril ,&nbsp;Iván Tavera Busso ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Mateos ,&nbsp;Mauro José Lucentti ,&nbsp;Matías Ezequiel Reinaudi ,&nbsp;Hebe Alejandra Carreras","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expansion of cities, population growth, and the increasing vehicle fleet have intensified challenges in urban mobility, contributing to deteriorating air quality and heightened health risks, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions of Latin America. This study continuously monitored fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and black carbon (BC) at high-traffic (HT) and urban background (UB) sites in Córdoba, Argentina, to assess their temporal variability and relationships with traffic dynamics. Individual particle morphology and chemical composition were analyzed to identify emission sources, and health risks related to BC exposure were estimated. Pollutant concentrations were consistently higher at HT sites, with BC-related carcinogenic risk exceeding international safety thresholds; however, given the relatively short monitoring period (15 days per site), these estimates should be interpreted as exploratory. Particle analysis revealed spherical particles and carbon-rich aggregates linked to incomplete fossil fuel combustion across all sites. Beyond direct traffic emissions, the study identified environmental exposure stratification within the city, with suburban and peripheral areas experiencing nighttime BC peaks from biomass burning associated with domestic heating, waste burning, and wildfires. The detection of compact soot aggregates suggests the long-range transport of aged biomass particles into the urban core. This study represents the first continuous and automated BC monitoring in Córdoba, integrating real-time measurements with particle-level morphological and chemical characterization. The combined assessment of source attribution, traffic dynamics, health risk, and particle microstructure provides new insights into pollution dynamics and exposure inequalities, supporting the development of more equitable and sustainable urban planning and health policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative potential of size-resolved PM related to water-soluble components and total and bioaccessible mass fractions of PAH derivatives","authors":"Athanasios Besis ,&nbsp;Marco Wietzoreck ,&nbsp;Eleni Serafeim ,&nbsp;Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe ,&nbsp;Stefanie Hildmann ,&nbsp;Rong Jin ,&nbsp;Jun-Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Athanasios Kouras ,&nbsp;Gerhard Lammel ,&nbsp;Constantini Samara","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Size-resolved samples (&lt;0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–1.5, 1.5–3.0, 3.0–7.2 and &gt; 7.2 μm) of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were collected at an urban Mediterranean and a rural central European site and analyzed for the mass fraction of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), humic-like substances (HULIS) and water-soluble elements. In addition, the total mass fractions of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives i.e., nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs), chlorinated-PAHs (ClPAHs), and brominated PAHs (BrPAHs), as well as the bioaccessible fraction (extracted with simulated epithelial lining fluid) of OPAHs and NPAHs were analyzed in the same PM samples. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM was determined using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Total concentrations of PM, WSOC, most water-soluble elements and ∑₁₆NPAHs were higher at the urban site, whereas those of ∑₂₀BrPAHs, Cr, As, as well as of the mass-normalized and the air volume-normalized OP (OP_m^DTT, OP_V^DTT) were higher at the rural site. OPAHs’ bioaccessibility ranged 0.7 %–25 % and NPAHs’ from 4.2 % to 100 %. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) indicated OP_m^DTT to be mostly driven by Cu, Fe, and 11H-benzo(a)fluoren-11-one at the urban site, and by water-soluble Co and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone at the rural site. The OP of the PM collected from the two sites in this study could have been influenced by redox active constituents not determined in this study in addition to possible differences in the photochemical age of their secondary organic aerosol content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 102793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution in the urban built environment: A comprehensive evaluation","authors":"Elisavet Tsekeri,&nbsp;Aikaterini Lilli,&nbsp;Mihalis Lazaridis,&nbsp;Dionysia Kolokotsa","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses air pollution levels in the city of Chania, Greece, utilizing a combination of bike-mounted sensors and stationary monitoring stations to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of microclimate conditions and key pollutants, including PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, CO, and NO₂. The data analysis reveals significant seasonal variations in air pollution levels, with concentrations peaking during winter, primarily due to increased emissions from heating-related combustion and reduced atmospheric dispersion. In contrast, summer months exhibit lower pollution levels, as favorable meteorological conditions enhance pollutant dispersion. In spring, periodic dust episodes contribute to elevated PM concentrations, further influencing seasonal air quality patterns. Weekday pollution levels are generally higher than those on weekends, primarily due to traffic emissions and daily commuting patterns. However, in spring and summer, this trend becomes less consistent, as increased leisure activities and tourism-related transport led to elevated pollutant concentrations on certain weekends. Spatially, the highest pollution concentrations are observed in the city center, where dense traffic and urban structures contribute to pollutant accumulation. Conversely, coastal areas record lower pollution levels, benefiting from natural ventilation and reduced vehicular activity. These findings underscore the need for integrated air quality assessments in urban planning and policy development. Strengthening public transportation networks, enforcing emission control measures, expanding urban green infrastructure, and enhancing real-time air quality monitoring are recommended strategies to mitigate air pollution. By implementing these measures, cities can enhance air quality, public health, and environmental resilience, fostering more sustainable and equitable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 102797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of super-emitting diesel vehicles: A scalable remote sensing framework for urban emission hotspot mitigation","authors":"Junxia Gao ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Yang ,&nbsp;Zeping Cao ,&nbsp;Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Wentian Xu ,&nbsp;Binfeng Yan ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Jia ,&nbsp;Hongjun Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed 2020–2022 remote sensing data from 33 stations in Tianjin, a Municipality in Northern China, to identify high-emitters. Rural areas showed higher CO/NO emissions, while urban areas had elevated HC levels. Heavy-duty trucks and special purpose vehicles emitted significantly more than passenger cars and light-duty trucks. Using a 95th percentile threshold, 12.4 % of vehicles were classified as high-emitters, contributing 41.81 % (HC), 29.33 % (NO), and 22.18 % (CO) to total pollution. Tianjin's “China 6 + old vehicle elimination” policy reduced high-emitters by 34 % in 2022 and increased China 6 vehicle adoption to 42 %, validating policy synergy. Diesel emissions exhibited “pollutant-independence,” with only 6.54 % overlap between HC and NO high-emitters. This necessitates a multi-pollutant approach: fuel system inspections for HC, SCR maintenance for NO, and catalytic converter checks for CO. These measures directly address emission hotspots, optimize monitoring accuracy, and guide policy to achieve regional air quality improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 102782"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imputing missing data with statistical-learning estimates: impacts on mortality risks attributable to area- and source-specific PM2.5.","authors":"Youngkwon Kim ,&nbsp;Cinoo Kang ,&nbsp;Seung-Muk Yi ,&nbsp;JongBae Heo ,&nbsp;Hwajin Kim ,&nbsp;Woojoo Lee ,&nbsp;Ho Kim ,&nbsp;Philip K. Hopke ,&nbsp;Young Su Lee ,&nbsp;Hye-Jung Shin ,&nbsp;Jungmin Park ,&nbsp;Myungsoo Yoo ,&nbsp;Kwonho Jeon ,&nbsp;Jieun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Missing observations of particulate matter (PM_2.5) can distort exposure data, thereby modifying associated mortality risks. This study assessed whether imputing missing data with statistical-learning estimates reduces such modifications. Two types of hourly PM_2.5 datasets were used: PM_2.5 from 25 districts and chemical constituents from one district in Seoul, South Korea. Each dataset was apportioned into area- and source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations. Baseline relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality for cumulative lag days 0-1 and 0-5, respectively, associated with each type of PM_2.5 were estimated using the daily-averaged datasets. Subsequently, some concentrations in each dataset were masked to create eight realistic missing scenarios (spatial-PM_2.5: S0, constituents: S1-S7). In each scenario, the missing concentrations were handled by imputation, exclusion, or replacement with means or medians. Imputations were performed using estimates (<em>r</em>² = 0.609-0.940). Baseline RRs were re-estimated using each missing scenario with both imputation and conventional handling methods. Resulting RRs were compared with baseline RRs, and percentage errors for matching days were calculated. Baseline RRs of PM_2.5 specific to two areas and three sources were significantly higher than 1.00 (95% CI): northwestern and southwestern-western combined areas, sulfate, coal combustion, and district heating-incineration. Although some statistical significance was lost when missing data were handled, these losses were least frequent when imputation was applied in most scenarios. Even when significance was retained, RRs showed the lowest error (7.0%) compared with conventional methods (8.7-12%). However, losses occurred more frequently in S5 and S7 (carbon species and trace elements; all constituents), where median replacement partly restored significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 102785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}