Atmospheric Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Atmospheric microplastics deposition in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment","authors":"Md Tauhiduzzaman,&nbsp;Nishat Salsabil,&nbsp;Kobita Khatun,&nbsp;Md Muhaiminul Haque,&nbsp;Ahsan Habib,&nbsp;Mst Shamima Akter,&nbsp;Sojib Islam,&nbsp;Md Hasibuzzaman,&nbsp;Ismail M. Rahman,&nbsp;Mahfuz Ahmmed,&nbsp;Samina Zaman,&nbsp;Tapos Kumar Chakraborty,&nbsp;Gopal Chandra Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates atmospheric microplastics (MPs) deposition, seasonal variations, and associated potential ecological risks in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Atmospheric MPs were collected through passive dry deposition sampling, revealing deposition rate ranging from 1893 to 6529 MP/m²/day. The average abundance was higher in winter (3911 MP/m²/day) than in summer (2335 MP/m²/day). Fiber-shaped MPs dominated the samples at 88.50 %, followed by films at 5.90 % and fragments at 4.68 %, with transparent particles were most prevalent (54.4 %); moreover, MPs measuring 0.45–355 μm in size accounted for 82.2 % of the total MPs across all sampling sites. Surface morphology analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) highlighted severe photochemical and mechanical degradation of some MPs. Polymer identification through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) highlighted polyamide (PA) as the dominant polymer type, accounting for 84.2 % of all MPs. Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) value of MPs in Dhaka's atmospheric deposition reached extreme danger levels in both winter (PERI _{<em>winter</em>} of 1858.4, ranges 1055.4 to 2915.2) and summer (PERI _{<em>summer</em>} of 1528.9, range 958.3–2556.4). High-hazard MPs, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), significantly contributed to the ecological risk. The study highlights the need for further research to elucidate the environmental and health impacts of this emerging pollutant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attribution of a typical ozone pollution episode in Handan: WRF-CMAQ modeling and process analysis based on a local emission inventory","authors":"Chunsheng Fang ,&nbsp;Yajing Wang ,&nbsp;Shaohan Han ,&nbsp;Xiaodie Wang ,&nbsp;Ju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the ozone (O₃) pollution process in Handan City in June 2020. Utilizing the local emission inventory, the WRF-CMAQ model was employed to simulate and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and chemical evolution of O₃ during this period. By integrating the Process Analysis (PA) module within the CMAQ model, the relative contributions of physical and chemical processes to the variation in surface O₃ concentrations were quantified. These findings indicate that meteorological factors exert a crucial regulatory influence on the generation and transport of O₃. Specifically, the temperature at 2 m (T2), wind speed at 10 m (WS10), and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) showed synchronous diurnal variations with O₃ concentration. Notably, during the severe O₃ pollution period from June 24 to 27, vertical advection, horizontal advection,and vertical diffusion processes significantly affected the variation in near-surface O₃ concentration, serving as the primary driving mechanisms for pollution accumulation. Furthermore, the study identified that the occurrence of nocturnal ozone enhancement (NOE) events is closely associated with vertical interlayer transport from high altitudes to near the surface, with the diurnal variation of meteorological factors such as PBLH partially regulating the intensity and frequency of NOE events. This phenomenon suggests that once the stable structure of the nighttime boundary layer is disrupted, O₃ may be rapidly transported downward from the upper layers to the surface, resulting in abnormally high nighttime concentrations of O₃. This study enhances the understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of regional O₃ pollution, providing a scientific basis for identifying key influencing factors, comprehending the transport mechanisms of regional air pollution, and formulating precise and efficient coordinated O₃ prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provincial–level evaluation of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation in China based on Driving Force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response framework","authors":"Qiang Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Wu ,&nbsp;Zeqiang Fu ,&nbsp;Na Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both the global community and China are confronted with major challenges of air pollution and climate change. Conducting performance evaluation of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation (PRCM) is crucial for achieving the “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” goals in China. Based on the “Driving Force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR)” framework, we constructed a performance evaluation index system for provincial-level PRCM. We adopted the entropy weight method^, extreme value method, and comprehensive index method, considering 30 provinces in China as objects to evaluate their PRCM performance from 2015 to 2021. We found that factors in the criterion layers of response (0.440), pressure (0.191), and driving force (0.161) had a relatively large impact on the performance of PRCM. There was a certain macro-spatial pattern in the PRCM performance in various provinces, provinces that scored below 50 often presented patchy distributions and were connected to each other. The performance in the southwest region was relatively high, whereas that in the North China region was relatively low. Compared with those in 2015, the PRCM performance indices of 25 of 30 provinces increased by 2021. Furthermore, from 2015 to 2021, the standard deviation became increasingly smaller, indicating that the PRCM's performance gap among different provinces gradually narrowed. Average comprehensive indices of PRCM in each province tended to increase annually. These findings would inform the development of new policies for PRCM. More types of pollutants, longer time periods, and more targeted province may be incorporated into subsequent studies in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heating transformation in winter significantly will reduce GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O) emissions: implication from multiple-year concentration observations in Beijing","authors":"Wenjing Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuefa Wen ,&nbsp;Jie Wei ,&nbsp;Sidan Lyu ,&nbsp;Cheng Hu ,&nbsp;Mi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Hu ,&nbsp;Xuhui Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is widely acknowledged that government policies significantly influence the emission and distribution of urban greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, accurately assessing the impact of urban pollution control measures on GHGs in megacities remains challenging and relies on integrating model simulations with multi-source observational data. Since 2003, Beijing, the capital of China, has gradually expanded a heating transformation policy from the city center. This policy shift offers a unique opportunity to quantify the reduction in urban GHG emissions resulting from government interventions. Based on urban GHG observations in Beijing from 2015 to 2020 (conducted without a drying system), this study applies an atmospheric method to analyze interannual variations in GHG emissions during winter heating seasons, which coincided with the energy structure transition, and identifies the main drivers of the observed trends in CH₄/CO₂ and N₂O/CO₂ ratios. Our findings showed that: (1) the shift in energy structure has directly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, thereby significantly impacting Beijing's seasonal GHG concentration trends, with an average annual winter reduction of 5.30 × 10⁵ t of CO₂-equivalent between 2015 and 2018.; (2) the CH₄/CO₂ and N₂O/CO₂ ratios exhibited distinct winter trends during 2015–2020, ranging between 6.02 × 10⁻³ – 8.39 × 10⁻³ ppm ppm⁻¹ and 5.60 × 10⁻⁵ – 8.88 × 10⁻⁵ ppm ppm⁻¹, respectively; (3) source diagnostics derived from the inter-gas correlations show that the interannual variations were driven by both the coal-to-gas transition and other anthropogenic sources like coal mining, wastewater treatment, and landfill management. This study focuses on Beijing, a city that has undergone significant energy structure changes, and serves as a case study for other cities undergoing similar transformations. While this practice can reduce GHG emission intensity, the increased use of natural gas may introduce other emission challenges that require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing particulate-bound mercury (PBM2.5) in multiple sites of Southeast Asia megacity: Insights from Hg relationships with carbonaceous components","authors":"Pham Thi Dieu Huong ,&nbsp;Minh Tri Truong ,&nbsp;Tran Hoang Minh ,&nbsp;Guey-Rong Sheu ,&nbsp;To Thi Hien ,&nbsp;Ly Sy Phu Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fine particulate-bound mercury (PBM_2.5) is being recognized as a public health and environmental issue owing to its high capacity to bioaccumulate and long-range transport. This study investigates PBM_2.5 at two urban sites Nguyen Van Cu (NVC) and Linh Trung (LT) and one rural site Can Gio (CG) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to assess spatial distribution and sources. PBM_2.5 levels were significantly higher at urban sites (NVC: 31.2 ± 13.9 pg m⁻³; LT: 41.9 ± 5.5 pg m⁻³) than at CG (7.5 ± 1.1 pg m⁻³). Cluster analysis indicated that air masses from the Northeast conveyed more PBM_2.5, while marine-origin air masses are relatively lower in PBM_2.5, highlighting atmospheric transport influences. A similar pattern was also identified by the PSCF (Potential Source Contribution Function) analysis, outlining monsoonal influences when Northeast monsoon significantly impacted PBM_2.5 at NVC and LT. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested industrial and vehicular emissions as PBM2.5 primary sources at LT and diesel/gasoline emission as primary sources at NVC. At CG, lower PBM_2.5 concentrations suggest a limited influence from anthropogenic activities, indicating spatial variability in PBM_2.5 levels across HCMC. In addition, the health risk assessment, based on hazard quotient values below one, indicated that PBM_2.5 concentrations were within permissible limits; however, children exhibited greater vulnerability compared to adults. These findings highlight the need for systematic monitoring in urban areas and contribute valuable insights into Hg pollution in Southeast Asia, supporting science-based air quality management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface ozone suppression by high temperature-induced ozone chemistry regime","authors":"Chunqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Songlin Tan ,&nbsp;Chih-rung Chen ,&nbsp;Jingwen Qiao ,&nbsp;Kai Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperatures are always considered a driving force of high ozone episodes. However, this work has observed O₃ suppression in extreme heat events in Nanchong, Guang'an, and Suining cities, except for Chengdu City in the Sichuan Basin of China. This abnormal occurrence may be attributed to the changes in the O₃ chemistry regime induced by high temperatures. Here, Coupling Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (CDFA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to directly determine the impacts of air temperature on the O₃ chemistry regime in the real atmosphere. The results showed that the shift of the O₃ chemistry regime, i.e., from O₃-limited to NOx-limited regime, might be the dominant factor in O₃ suppression in heat wave days. For Chengdu without O₃ suppression, a more significant VOC-limited regime in heat wave days was mainly responsible for the high ozone episodes. In addition to the shift in the O₃ chemistry regime, accelerated O₃ photolysis during extreme heat events might also contribute to O₃ suppression. Compared to medium-sized cities, the O₃ chemistry regime in the metropolis (Chengdu) has a stronger ability to resist the interference from meteorology, due to the complexity of pollution sources. Based on the CDFA technique, the O₃ trend in summer can be determined by examining the changes in the O₃ chemistry regime. In this way, the key precursor that contributes to O₃ formation can be identified, which has significant implications for policy-making for the control of O₃ pollution in summer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation and source apportionment of the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 in a metal-smelting city in China: Detection of the OP of PM2.5 from typical industrial sources by DTT assay","authors":"Yufan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanan Tao ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyi Zong","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aggregate measure known as oxidative potential (OP) is used to assess the health risk associated with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). Evaluation of the contributions of PM_2.5 sources to OP, especially typical industrial sources, is critical for human health. In this study, samples were collected from an industrial park, an urban site, and various pollution sources in a metal-smelting city (Baotou) across all four seasons in 2021, and the oxidative potential (OP) of PM_2.5 was investigated using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. CMB model were used to determine the connections between PM_2.5 and pollution sources.Moreover, a new method was proposed to quantify the contributions of various sources to the OP of ambient PM_2.5. The DTTm of ambient PM_2.5 during the sample period was 14.40 ± 6.73 pmol min⁻¹ μg⁻¹, with significant seasonal variations ranked as autumn &gt; summer &gt; winter &gt; spring. Most detected constituents, such as secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) species and some transition metals, exhibited positive correlations with DTTm (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). According to the measurement of OP of different pollution sources, the sixteen sources ranked as follows: slag separation &gt; electrolytic aluminum emissions &gt; coal dust &gt; vehicle exhaust &gt; coking &gt; fugitive dust from urban surfaces &gt; tailings &gt; steel slag &gt; street dust &gt; crushing plant emissions &gt; soil &gt; pulverized coal &gt; dust from residual anode assembly &gt; dust from roasted aluminum ash &gt; sintered ash &gt; sintering emissions. In general, the dominant sources of OP in ambient PM_2.5 are slag separation and electrolytic aluminum emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of WRF-Chem during Saharan dust outbreaks in the Kocaeli Region, Northwestern Türkiye","authors":"Omer Mert Bayraktar ,&nbsp;Hakki Baltaci ,&nbsp;Tugba Celebioglu ,&nbsp;Demet Arslanbas","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The WRF-Chem performance evaluation on industrial cities in Türkiye is vital to ascertain air quality and public health. This study investigates Saharan dust loading impact on Kocaeli using WRF-Chem. The analysis focuses on days with high PM₁₀ values and their associated dust source regions. Model outputs have been compared to in-situ PM₁₀ values and MERRA-2 reanalysis. The background large-scale atmospheric circulation was evaluated using ERA5 reanalysis products. WRF-Chem represents well two Saharan dust originated episodes occurring on April 2, 2022 and April 25, 2024, and Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry (GOCART) module of WRF-Chem represents well dry air intrusions over Türkiye. The low and high-pressure couplet over the eastern Mediterranean promotes the transport of Saharan dust into Kocaeli region of Türkiye. Severe southerly winds reaching up 20 m/s in the lower levels of the atmosphere along the sand/dust line, relatively low humidity, inversion level close to the ground at the Kocaeli are shown as the main atmospheric factors. The model results show good spatial representation when compared to MERRA-2, however, WRF-Chem simulation move slower and on time on April 2, 2022 (3-hr shift), and April 25, 2024, respectively, and produces overestimation PM₁₀ values (282 and 87 μgm⁻³, respectively). On the other hand, deficiencies in the model's representation of the observed atmospheric circulation and the complex topography of the southeastern Mediterranean explain the larger biases for the October 23, 2023 and March 30, 2024 dust events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and atmospheric variables in Türkiye: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Sara Ciarlantini ,&nbsp;Claudio A. Belis ,&nbsp;Andreas Gavros ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pezzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines particulate matter (PM₁₀) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) concentrations in Türkiye, one of the world's 20 largest economies with a population of more than 86 million people. The analysis covers from 2015 to 2019, a period during which pollutant levels frequently exceeded international air quality standards. While anthropogenic emissions are significant contributors, atmospheric variables also play a crucial role in pollutant dispersion and dilution. The research investigates how temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and boundary layer height affect pollutant concentrations in this country. Using a generalised additive model (GAM) and conducting a sensitivity analysis, the study explores seasonal and regional variations in the influence of these atmospheric variables across Türkiye, offering a national, multivariable perspective. The analysis relies on hourly data to capture diurnal variations during summer and winter. Additionally, it provides projections of pollutant concentrations for 2030 and 2050 under two IPCC climate scenarios: one assuming strong mitigation measures (RCP 4.5) and the other representing high-emission conditions (RCP 8.5). The GAM outputs show that temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation affect PM₁₀ and SO₂ differently across the country, with marked regional and seasonal variations. Winter PM₁₀ commonly peaks near ∼10 °C, whereas in several regions summer concentrations decline once temperatures exceed ∼30 °C; relative humidity is generally positively associated with PM₁₀ yet negatively with SO₂; stronger winds and precipitation coincide with lower pollutant levels (with PM₁₀ highest at low winds &lt;5 m/s and notably reduced on days with ∼25 mm rainfall). Coastal regions show the strongest wind- and rain-related reductions in concentrations; interior continental and semi-arid regions display a weaker precipitation signal with a tighter humidity–PM₁₀ association; and high-elevation basins and valleys are characterised by heightened sensitivity to boundary-layer stability. Sensitivity analysis indicates that boundary-layer height and wind are the primary atmospheric drivers for PM₁₀, whereas SO₂ shows a weaker overall sensitivity to atmospheric factors. Projections about the influence of atmospheric variables on pollution for 2030 and 2050 suggest that PM₁₀ levels will generally decline across both seasons, while SO₂ concentrations are expected to rise during summer. The study highlights the increasing influence of climate change on air pollution, stressing the importance of region-specific air quality management strategies. By integrating mitigation and adaptation measures, the findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to improve air quality and reduce health risks across Türkiye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative potential, morphological and chemical functional group analysis of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM1): A case study over Delhi","authors":"Khushbu Dahiya,&nbsp;Shivani,&nbsp;Ranu Gadi","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high levels of Particulate matter (PM) in Delhi poses severe health threats for residents. The assessment of health risks from fine and submicron PM₂.₅ and PM₁ requires deep understanding about their toxicity in terms of oxidative potential (OP). The oxidative potential of PM remains unclear especially for PM₁ during Diwali pollution events and other episodic events. This study bridges that gap by investigating PM₁ and PM_2.5 toxicity through oxidative potential analysis and morphological studies and functional group identification during the Diwali festival in November 2023 in Delhi. The 24-h average concentration of PM_2.5 (770.9 μg m⁻³) during Diwali was significantly 13 times higher than the NAAQS; 60 μg m-³, while 24-h average PM₁ concentration was 425.5 μg m-³. OP was assessed in terms of extrinsic OP (OP_DTTv) and intrinsic OP (OP_DTTm). Average OP_DTTm and OP_DTTv was 38.7 ± 31.6 pmol min⁻¹ μg⁻¹ and 8.0 ± 2.3 nmol min⁻¹ m⁻³ for PM_2.5 and 65.6 ± 35.4 pmol min⁻¹ μg⁻¹ and 10.4 ± 2.9 nmol min⁻¹ m⁻³ for PM₁, respectively which revealed that PM₁ posed high toxicity.</div><div>PM₁ showed higher deposition in the pulmonary region compared to PM_2.5. The SEM-EDX results showed that non-redox-active metals create toxic effects in PM through indirect mechanisms. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of redox-active oxygenated and unsaturated organic functional groups which influence OP. The health risks from PM_2.5 exposure suggests a substantial role in both morbidity and mortality. These findings suggest that experimentally determined toxicity must be considered addition to concentration in order to precisely assess the health risks associated with PM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 102835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147584586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}