Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"International consensuses and guidelines on clinical management of highly myopic cataracts: A two-round modified e-Delphi study by the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO) and the Asia-Pacific Myopia Society (APMS)","authors":"Yu Du ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Meng ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Alió ,&nbsp;Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Giacomo Savini ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Miller ,&nbsp;Hong Yan ,&nbsp;Marcus Ang ,&nbsp;Haike Guo ,&nbsp;H. Burkhard Dick ,&nbsp;Damien Gatinel ,&nbsp;Jiangyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Mayank A. Nanavaty ,&nbsp;Noel Alpins ,&nbsp;Priya Narang ,&nbsp;Anubha Rathi ,&nbsp;Vanissa W.S. Chow ,&nbsp;Vishal Jhanji ,&nbsp;Hun Lee ,&nbsp;Hiu Ying Enne Leung ,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>As the prevalence of high myopia increases around the world, the incidence of highly myopic cataract (HMC) would increase and present clinicians with unique management challenges. This modified Delphi consensus study aimed to establish practical recommendations for HMC diagnosis and treatment, addressing key controversies in preoperative evaluation, surgical considerations, and postoperative care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An international panel of 30 cataract experts from 14 countries/territories participated in this two-round e-Delphi study. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% agreement on 5-point Likert-scale statements covering disease characterization, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative precautions, and postoperative care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A formal consensus was reached by a broad majority of the panel (86.67%) to endorse HMC as a separate disease category, typically manifesting 10–20 years earlier than age-related cataracts. Key consensus included: use of combined IOL formula calculations (96.67% agreement), preference for hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (96.67%), and mandatory 3-month postoperative retinal exams (96.67%). Controversies persisted regarding immediate sequential bilateral surgery, prophylactic routine implantation of a capsular tension ring, and postoperative steroid regime.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We present commonly agreed recommendations for the clinical management of HMC, which include tailored surgical approaches and vigilant postoperative monitoring to address this growing public health challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Oculomics and AI: The eye as a biomarker for health span” [Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol 15 (1) (2026) 100282]","authors":"Joy Le Yi Wong ,&nbsp;Haoran Cheng ,&nbsp;Wen Jun Peh ,&nbsp;Dean Ho ,&nbsp;Tien Y. Wong ,&nbsp;Celene Yan Yan Hui ,&nbsp;Darren S.J. Ting ,&nbsp;Yong Mong Bee ,&nbsp;Su Yen Goh ,&nbsp;Rajendra S. Apte ,&nbsp;Vinit B. Mahajan ,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Goldberg ,&nbsp;Evelyne Bischof ,&nbsp;David A. Sinclair ,&nbsp;Carol Y. Cheung ,&nbsp;Hiok Hong Chan ,&nbsp;Kanae Fukutsu ,&nbsp;Ting Fang Tan ,&nbsp;Chrystie Wan Ning Quek ,&nbsp;Ashley Shuen Ying Hong ,&nbsp;Daniel S.W. Ting","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year reoperation rates following phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in primary and lens-related angle-closure glaucoma","authors":"Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Keyu Hu ,&nbsp;Zijian Liu ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Mou ,&nbsp;Ningli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare reoperation rates following phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis (Phaco-GSL) between patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and angle closure secondary to lens subluxation (ASAC-LS) within 5 years, and to identify risk factors for reoperation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, comparative cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed patients with PACG and ASAC-LS who underwent Phaco-GSL at Beijing Tongren Hospital between 2016 and 2021. The primary outcome was reoperation rates within 5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared cumulative reoperation rates, and Cox regression identified risk factors for reoperation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 3084 PACG and 745 ASAC-LS eyes, the ASAC-LS group showed a significantly higher 5-year reoperation rate (2.3% vs. 0.9%, <em>P</em> = 0.003). Temporal analysis showed a higher risk for patients with ASAC-LS between 31 and 180 days postoperatively. Reoperation indications differed markedly between groups, with intraocular lens subluxation predominating in the ASAC-LS reoperations (50.0%), while uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) was most common in PACG (56.0%). Independent risk factors for reoperation included: age &gt; 60 years (HR = 5.132, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), ASAC-LS diagnosis (HR = 3.619, <em>P</em> = 0.004), previous glaucoma surgery (HR = 4.257, <em>P</em> = 0.002), and higher preoperative IOP (HR = 1.043, <em>P</em> = 0.006).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with ASAC-LS have a higher reoperation risk after Phaco-GSL than those with PACG. Recognizing identified risk factors allows for the optimization of surgical approaches and the development of tailored follow-up protocols for high-risk patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dawning of a new era: Cell and gene therapies illuminate ophthalmology","authors":"Zi-Bing Jin,&nbsp;Chi Pui Pang,&nbsp;Xingtao Zhou,&nbsp;Nancy J. Newman,&nbsp;Jost B. Jonas,&nbsp;Dennis S.C. Lam","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of asymmetrical normal tension glaucoma, obstructive sleep apnoea and side sleeping","authors":"Tin A. Tun ,&nbsp;Nicholas Y.Q. Tan ,&nbsp;Royston K.Y. Tan ,&nbsp;Yamon Thant Syn ,&nbsp;Hiok Hong Chan ,&nbsp;Qing Chang Yu ,&nbsp;Natalia Porporato ,&nbsp;Arun Narayanaswamy ,&nbsp;Reuben Chao-Ming Foo ,&nbsp;Rahat Husain ,&nbsp;Tin Aung","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To describe asymmetrical normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; apnoea-hypopnoea-index ≥5) in habitual side-sleepers, and to compare optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow velocity across sleeping positions using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG; Softcare, Japan).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants underwent ocular assessments and reported sleeping positions via questionnaires. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and LSFG-derived mean blur rates for vascular (MV), tissue (MT), and entire area (MA) were measured after 5 min in supine and lateral decubitus (LD) positions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We enrolled forty NTG-OSA patients (21 unilateral; 19 bilateral but asymmetrical) and 29 controls (70% male; mean age 62.9 ± 8.7 years). Interocular characteristics were comparable except that worse eyes had thinner central corneas and reduced MV, MT, and MA in LD positions. In worse eyes, MT was less in the lower LD position (9.00 ± 2.07 au) than in the upper LD (9.27 ± 1.97 au; <em>P</em> = 0.037) and supine (9.61 ± 1.95 au; <em>P</em> = 0.011) positions. Among participants who slept with the worse eye lower, MV, MT, and MA were less in the worse eyes in both lower and upper LD positions versus the fellow eye (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but not in supine. Among those who slept with the worse eye upper, MV and MT were less in the worse eyes only in the lower LD position (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with no differences in other positions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We report an association of asymmetrical NTG-OSA who habitually sleep laterally. Interocular differences, particularly reduced ONH blood flow velocity in the lower LD position, may provide insights into glaucoma pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global approval and certification of ophthalmic AI devices: A comparative regulatory perspective","authors":"Andrzej Grzybowski ,&nbsp;T.Y. Alvin Liu ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Ally Zhao ,&nbsp;Masahiro Miyake ,&nbsp;Hidenori Takahashi ,&nbsp;Ryo Kawasaki ,&nbsp;Mingguang He ,&nbsp;Xia Gong ,&nbsp;Polat Goktas ,&nbsp;Kai Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are rapidly reshaping ophthalmology by improving screening and diagnosis for diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and increasingly retina-based systemic risk assessment. This narrative review provides a comparative assessment of regulatory pathways governing ophthalmic AI and software as a medical device (SaMD) across the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, China, Japan, Canada, India, and selected emerging jurisdictions. We used a structured search of public regulator databases, guidance documents, manufacturer disclosures, and peer-reviewed literature to assemble a representative sample of marketed or authorized devices through August 2025; the device inventory is illustrative rather than exhaustive. Key differences persist in device classification, evidence expectations, change management for adaptive algorithms, and post-market oversight. Examples such as LumineticsCore, EyeArt, DrNoon for CVD, CLAiR, and EyeWisdom illustrate how risk-based approaches vary across jurisdictions. These inconsistencies can delay multi-region deployment and complicate implementation, supporting the need for lifecycle-focused and internationally aligned standards for safe, transparent, and equitable use of ophthalmic AI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal imaging findings in juvenile ocular cystinosis before and after cysteamine drops","authors":"Clara Bertret ,&nbsp;Cristina Georgeon ,&nbsp;Vincent Borderie ,&nbsp;Thibaud Garcin","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal structure and microcirculation alterations in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: A comprehensive OCTA study","authors":"Kexin Tan ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Yutong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Chen ,&nbsp;Jipeng Li ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Wu ,&nbsp;Ming Feng ,&nbsp;Chenyue Xi ,&nbsp;Qiuting Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Yinwei Li ,&nbsp;Zhangsheng Yu ,&nbsp;Huifang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xianqun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to investigate retinal structure and vessel density (VD) alterations in the macular and optic nerve head (ONH) regions of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), and to assess their correlation with visual function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 133 thyroid eye disease (TED) patients (63 with DON and 70 without DON) and 24 healthy controls were enrolled. Retinal structural and vascular parameters were quantified using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the macular (6 × 6 mm) and ONH (4 × 4 mm) regions. Visual function in TED patients was assessed by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field (VF), and visual evoked potentials. The diagnostic performance of OCTA parameters for identifying DON was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the non-DON patients, those with DON exhibited significantly decreased retinal VD in both macular and ONH regions, accompanied by thinner macular retina. The most pronounced changes were observed in macular whole retinal layer (WRL) and superficial retinal layer VD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Both retinal VD and thickness correlated positively with BCVA and VF mean deviation. Furthermore, the macular WRL-VD demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for DON (AUC = 0.833) and the combination parameters further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.861).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OCTA reveals retinal microvascular and structural alterations in DON and may serve as a simple, precise, and noninvasive tool for early detection and clinical management to prevent irreversible visual loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of myopic axial elongation related to Bruch´s membrane","authors":"Jost B. Jonas ,&nbsp;Rahul A. Jonas ,&nbsp;Mukharram M. Bikbov ,&nbsp;Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Ya Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Songhomitra Panda-Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The process of myopic axial elongation has not been fully uncovered yet. Here we propose a Bruch´s membrane (BM)-related hypothesis und present anatomical and clinical findings supporting it.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The hypothesis is that ocular axial elongation beyond the age of 3 years occurs by a retina-triggered annular segmental growth of BM in the posterior fundus midperiphery between approximately 10° to 80° anterior to the posterior pole, with a maximum growth at approximately 25° anterior to the posterior pole.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The location of the posterior midperiphery is supported by anatomical findings of an axial length-related thinning of retinal layers, sclera, and retinal pigment epithelium in the posterior midperiphery, the location of pathologic changes at the anterior and posterior border of the BM growth zone (patchy atrophies, parapapillary myopia beta zone and gamma zone, optic nerve head canal widening, cobble stones), and results of clinical trials on myopia prevention in adolescents by circular progressive contact lenses or glasses. The notion of BM as compared to sclera as the primary structure elongating the eye is supported by the axial length-related choroidal thinning most marked at the posterior pole, the axial length-related increase in BM volume, the axial length-related shift of BM-opening of the ONHC into the macular direction, the biomechanical properties of BM, and by primarily not involving the retina, RPE and choriocapillaris in the foveal region.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>If BM is the primary effector structure for axial elongation, future research may address the retinal messenger molecule directing the RPE to locally produce BM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of artificial intelligence models for predicting the etiological agents of infectious keratitis","authors":"Yuki Matsuoka ,&nbsp;Takaki Sato ,&nbsp;Kota Ikeguchi ,&nbsp;Noriko Koizumi ,&nbsp;Appakkudal R. Anand ,&nbsp;Sangavi Saravana ,&nbsp;Rachapalle Reddi Sudhir ,&nbsp;Meena Lakshmipathy ,&nbsp;Naoki Okumura","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2026.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model for classifying infectious keratitis (IK) etiologies from anterior segment images.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective development and validation study of an artificial intelligence diagnostic system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 708 anterior segment images were collected, comprising Acanthamoeba (n = 159), bacterial (n = 139), fungal (n = 188), and viral (n = 222) cases. Of these, 628 images were used to train three convolutional neural network architectures (DenseNet-121, ResNet-50, and EfficientNet-B6) using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. Model performance was then assessed on an independent 80-image test set, with diagnostic accuracy benchmarked against the averaged diagnoses of 33 board-certified ophthalmologists. The validated model was subsequently integrated into a smartphone application.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EfficientNet-B6 achieved the highest performance among tested architectures, achieving a mean accuracy of 61.5% (95% CI: 57.3–65.7%) across pathogen categories and significantly outperforming ophthalmologists, whose mean accuracy was 39.1% (95% CI: 36.4–41.8%). Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was performed using the model from the best-performing cross-validation fold, evaluated on the independent 80-image test set. The analysis showed Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of 0.84 for AK, 0.84 for BK, 0.88 for FK, and 0.87 for VK. The smartphone-based application incorporating our AI model demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of the computer-based system when the same test dataset was re-captured from a monitor using the smartphone camera, suggesting successful translation of the algorithm to mobile platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our smartphone-based AI system demonstrates moderate-to-good diagnostic performance for identifying IK pathogens using diffuser-anterior segment photography, thereby enabling practical implementation via smartphone cameras.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 3","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}