Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and anatomical features of myopia.","authors":"Jost B Jonas, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Li Dong, Rahul A Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the review is to summarize clinical and anatomically-related aspects of myopia. Recent studies have revealed macular atrophy as myopic maculopathy (MMP) stage-4 was accompanied by a central Bruch´s membrane (BM) defect associated with a subretinal proliferation (as sign of previous macular neovascularization). Patchy atrophies (MMP-stage 3) could be differentiated into those without versus with BM defects/subretinal proliferations. BM defects and subretinal proliferations were associated with each other (OR: 78.3; P < 0.001). Fundus tessellation as MMP-stage-1 correlated with visual acuity reduction, suggesting pathological changes already at MMP stage 1, in addition to a leptochoroid as risk factor. Myopic parapapillary beta zone (potentially caused by an axial elongation-related enlargement of the retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] layer opening; characterized by small or no alpha zone, few or no RPE drusen at its border, normal BM thickness) can be differentiated from glaucomatous parapapillary beta zone (characterized by alpha zone, RPE drusen, and thickened BM). The overlying retinal layers extended into the parapapillary zones, deeper than the superficial layers. Prevalence of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy increased non-linearly with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes and was a major cause for vision loss in high myopia. In patients aged 85 + years, prevalence of MMP stage 3 or 4 in highly myopic eyes (axial length ≥ 26.5 mm) was about 75 %. Myopia was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and angle-closure glaucoma, while high myopia, more than moderate myopia, was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of open-angle glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"100114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Blindness Remains a Big Challenge Despite All Recent Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatments","authors":"Jingfa Zhang,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Ling Chen,&nbsp;Nishant Radke","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UBM helps differentiate sulcus or in-the-bag IOL placement","authors":"Peng ZhiZhao ,&nbsp;Leung Hiu Ying ,&nbsp;Nishant Vijay Radke","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Outcomes of Combined Phacotrabeculectomy Surgery in a Singapore Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Annabel CY Chew ,&nbsp;Hla Myint Htoon ,&nbsp;Shamira A. Perera ,&nbsp;Tin Aung ,&nbsp;Ho Ching Lin ,&nbsp;Rahat Husain ,&nbsp;Boey Pui Yi ,&nbsp;Daniel Hsien Wen Su ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Chua ,&nbsp;Tina T. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To describe the long-term outcomes of phacotrabeculectomy from a tertiary glaucoma service in Singapore.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective case series.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven hundred ninety-six eyes of 698 patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy surgery at the Singapore National Eye Centre between 2005 and 2007 with a minimum follow-up of three years were included. The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP). Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of glaucoma medications, and surgical complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age was 69.5 years, 51 % were male, and 86 % were Chinese. Most eyes had primary glaucoma (90.6 %). The mean follow-up duration was 9.4 years. The overall success rate at three years was 97 % if surgical success was defined as IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg, 92 % if IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg, 66 % if IOP ≤ 15 mm Hg. By Kaplan–Meier survival analysis over 13 years, the cumulative success rate fell from 98.1 % to 89.1 % if IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg, 98.1–76.9 % if IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg, 98–50.3 % if IOP ≤ 15 mm Hg. The postoperative IOP improved significantly at all time points (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and 72 % had at least 20 % IOP reduction. There was a slight improvement in postoperative BCVA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced postoperatively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). There were no significant risk factors for surgical failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Phacotrabeculectomy was found to be safe, resulting in clinically significant IOP lowering for 13 years with reduced dependency on glaucoma medications and improved BCVA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Retinal Detachment Associated with Ascaris suum Infection","authors":"Tomoyuki Ishibashi,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Emi","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease","authors":"Kenneth Ka Hei Lai ,&nbsp;Terence Wee Xiang Ang ,&nbsp;Wah Cheuk ,&nbsp;Angie Kwok ,&nbsp;Ming Lin ,&nbsp;Yael Lustig ,&nbsp;Dinesh Selva ,&nbsp;Guy Ben Simon ,&nbsp;Yue Xing ,&nbsp;Zhi Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Sheng Yang ,&nbsp;Kelvin Kam Lung Chong ,&nbsp;Hunter Kwok Lai Yuen","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves. Although the exact pathogenic role of IgG4 antibodies remains unclear, B-cell depleting agents have been reported to be an effective treatment. The diverse clinical manifestations of IgG4-ROD complicate diagnosis, and without prompt treatment, visual-threatening complications such as optic neuropathy may arise. Recent advances in understanding and managing IgG4-ROD have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this emerging disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the field of IgG4-ROD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real-world Observation Study","authors":"Xiaojia Song ,&nbsp;Yajie Yu ,&nbsp;Haiying Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Mao ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Xusheng Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhihua Li ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Jinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Peng ,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the clinical and retinal imaging features of Chinese patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) associated with COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retinal imaging, including color fundus photography, near-infrared imaging (NIR), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and Humphrey perimetry, were conducted for each case.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All cases were included within the first three months following the pandemic outbreak. A total of 12 male patients (36.36 %) and 21 female patients (63.64 %) were prospectively recruited, and 29 cases (87.88 %) were bilaterally affected. The median interval between the onset of fever and the appearance of ocular symptoms was two days (range, 0.5–5.0 days). Apart from the outer retinal changes typical of AMN, changes in the inner retinal layers were observed, including intraretinal hemorrhage (8.06 %), cotton wool spots (9.68 %), and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) (8.06 %). Smaller retinal inner nuclear layer hyperreflective speckles (RIHS) (41.94 %) were identified as a distinguishing feature from typical PAMM. Voids of vessel signals were found in the superficial (11.54 %), intermediate (82.69 %), and deep capillary plexus (98.08 %), and in the choriocapillaris (19.23 %) on OCTA. Humphrey perimetry illustrated central, paracentral, and peripheral scotomas. The occult lesions associated with AMN, PAMM, and some of the RIHS illustrated by OCT were visualized topographically and further confirmed by OCTA as perfusion defects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An increase in AMN cases correlated with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Additional features, including widespread inner retinal perfusion deficits, were observed and may serve as potential biomarkers for systemic microcirculation dysregulation in COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perceptions Regarding the Use of Eyeglasses Among Ophthalmologists","authors":"Andrew Oh,&nbsp;Brian Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Large Sample Assessment of Drug-related Dry Eye Risk: Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database","authors":"Shi-Nan Wu ,&nbsp;Caihong Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Dong Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Si-Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan-Yi Qin ,&nbsp;Linfangzi Zhu ,&nbsp;Chang-Sheng Xu ,&nbsp;Qing-He Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaoyue Hu ,&nbsp;Zuguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose and design</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the risk of drug-related dry eye using real-world data, underscoring the significance of tracing pharmacological etiology for distinct clinical types of dry eye.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyzing adverse event reports in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 2004 to September 2023, we employed disproportionality analysis and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network algorithm. The analysis involved categorizing drugs causing dry eye, assessing risk levels, and conducting segmental assessments based on the time of onset of drug-related dry eye adverse reactions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the FAERS database, adverse reactions related to dry eye were linked to 1160 drugs. Disproportionality analysis identified 33 drugs with significant risk, notably in ophthalmic (brimonidine, bimatoprost), oncology (tisotumab vedotin, erdafitinib), and other medications (isotretinoin, oxymetazoline). The top three drugs with the highest risk of drug-related dry eye are isotretinoin (Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) = 6.88), tisotumab vedotin (BCPNN = 6.88), and brimonidine (BCPNN = 6.77). Among different categories of drugs, respiratory medications have the shortest mean onset time for drug-related dry eye, averaging 50.99 days. The prevalence skewed towards females (69.9 %), particularly in menopausal and elderly individuals (45–70 years old, mean age 54.7 ± 18.2). Reports of drug-related dry eye adverse reactions showed an annual increase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Informed clinical decision-making is crucial for preventing drug-related dry eye. Assessing the risk of dry eyes associated with both local and systemic medications helps optimize treatment and provide necessary cautionary information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of large language models in answering ophthalmology board-style questions: A meta-analysis","authors":"Jo-Hsuan Wu ,&nbsp;Takashi Nishida ,&nbsp;T. Y. Alvin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in answering ophthalmology board-style questions.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase in March 2024. We included full-length articles and research letters published in English that reported the accuracy of LLMs in answering ophthalmology board-style questions. Data on LLM performance, including the number of questions submitted and correct responses generated, were extracted for each question set from individual studies. Pooled accuracy was calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the LLMs used and specific ophthalmology topics assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 14 studies retrieved, 13 (93 %) tested LLMs on multiple ophthalmology topics. ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bard, and Bing Chat were assessed in 12 (86 %), 11 (79 %), 4 (29 %), and 4 (29 %) studies, respectively. The overall pooled accuracy of LLMs was 0.65 (95 % CI: 0.61–0.69). Among the different LLMs, ChatGPT-4 achieved the highest pooled accuracy at 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.73–0.79), while ChatGPT-3.5 recorded the lowest at 0.52 (95 % CI: 0.51–0.54). LLMs performed best in “pathology” (0.78 [95 % CI: 0.70–0.86]) and worst in “fundamentals and principles of ophthalmology” (0.52 [95 % CI: 0.48–0.56]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The overall accuracy of LLMs in answering ophthalmology board-style questions was acceptable but not exceptional, with ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat being top-performing models. Performance varied significantly based on specific ophthalmology topics tested. Inconsistent performances are of concern, highlighting the need for future studies to include ophthalmology board-style questions with images to more comprehensively examine the competency of LLMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}