Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Visualization of the scleral structure changes at various stages of eyes with myopic maculopathy using polarization-sensitive OCT","authors":"Keigo Sugisawa ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Yamanari ,&nbsp;Michiaki Okamoto ,&nbsp;Tae Igarashi-Yokoi ,&nbsp;Takeshi Azuma ,&nbsp;Takayuki Miki ,&nbsp;Hongshuang Lu ,&nbsp;Yijin Wu ,&nbsp;Jianping Xiong ,&nbsp;Kyoko Ohno-Matsui","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To observe the detailed structures of the inner and outer sclera at various stages of myopic maculopathy using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A PS-OCT system was developed for imaging the posterior eye using a swept laser. Data from highly myopic patients who underwent PS-OCT examination between May and June 2019 were used to generate birefringence images (showing scleral fiber density), optic axis images (visualizing the orientation of scleral fibers), and streamline images (providing 3D reconstructions to visualize scleral fiber stream).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 89 eyes of 65 patients with high myopia were examined and analyzed for this study. The mean axial length was 30.4 ± 1.8 mm. In highly myopic eyes with a thin choroid, PS-OCT visualized the detailed structure of the sclera, and the optic axis images differentiated the direction of the inner and outer scleral fibers. In the optic axis and streamline images, the inner layer of the sclera contained radial fibers extending from the optic disc. In contrast, the outer layer of the sclera contained vertical fibers. With the progression of myopia, highly birefringent fibers first disappear in the inner scleral layer, followed by thinning of the inner layer itself. Subsequently, in the outer scleral layer, the number of highly birefringent fibers decreased. As myopic maculopathy worsened, the inner and outer layers of the sclera disintegrated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PS-OCT is useful for observing the structures of the inner and outer sclera in various conditions of myopic maculopathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-concentration atropine for controlling myopia onset and progression in East Asia","authors":"Ebenezer Zaabaar ,&nbsp;Yuzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Ka Wai Kam ,&nbsp;Xiu Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Clement C. Tham ,&nbsp;Li Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Chi Pui Pang ,&nbsp;Jason C. Yam","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Over the past few years, there has been a rapid accumulation of data on the use of low-concentration atropine for myopia control, especially in East Asian children, with its effectiveness varying in different studies. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the efficacy and safety of low-concentration atropine in the management of myopia onset and progression in East Asia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical trials involving atropine for myopia control in East Asia were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Atropine has been shown to reduce myopia progression in East Asian children, compared with placebo. Its efficacy is concentration-dependent, with 1 % atropine yielding the greatest effect in slowing myopia progression by over 70 %, but it is associated with significant rebound and side effects. Lower concentrations also confer significant myopia-control effects while maintaining a more acceptable safety profile, with relative reductions of 67 % and 43 % reported for 0.05 % and 0.025 % atropine, respectively. While 0.01 % atropine showed the least effect compared to 0.05 % and 0.025 %, it still yielded a significant efficacy in slowing myopic refraction. Over two years, 0.05 % atropine reduced the incidence of myopia by nearly 50 %, demonstrating greater effectiveness than 0.01 % atropine. This effect was particularly notable in children with low hyperopic reserves (&lt; +0.75 D), but not in those with higher reserves.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current evidence shows that low-concentration atropine plays a crucial role in managing myopia in East Asian children and demonstrates satisfactory safety profiles. Timely administration of the most effective and safest concentration can potentially prevent sight-threatening complications and subsequent vision loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and anatomical features of myopia","authors":"Jost B. Jonas ,&nbsp;Songhomitra Panda-Jonas ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Rahul A. Jonas","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the review is to summarize clinical and anatomically-related aspects of myopia. Recent studies have revealed macular atrophy as myopic maculopathy (MMP) stage-4 was accompanied by a central Bruch´s membrane (BM) defect associated with a subretinal proliferation (as sign of previous macular neovascularization). Patchy atrophies (MMP-stage 3) could be differentiated into those without versus with BM defects/subretinal proliferations. BM defects and subretinal proliferations were associated with each other (OR: 78.3; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Fundus tessellation as MMP-stage-1 correlated with visual acuity reduction, suggesting pathological changes already at MMP stage 1, in addition to a leptochoroid as risk factor. Myopic parapapillary beta zone (potentially caused by an axial elongation-related enlargement of the retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] layer opening; characterized by small or no alpha zone, few or no RPE drusen at its border, normal BM thickness) can be differentiated from glaucomatous parapapillary beta zone (characterized by alpha zone, RPE drusen, and thickened BM). The overlying retinal layers extended into the parapapillary zones, deeper than the superficial layers. Prevalence of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy increased non-linearly with longer axial length in highly myopic eyes and was a major cause for vision loss in high myopia. In patients aged 85 + years, prevalence of MMP stage 3 or 4 in highly myopic eyes (axial length ≥ 26.5 mm) was about 75 %. Myopia was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and angle-closure glaucoma, while high myopia, more than moderate myopia, was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of open-angle glaucoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 6","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Blindness Remains a Big Challenge Despite All Recent Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatments","authors":"Jingfa Zhang,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Ling Chen,&nbsp;Nishant Radke","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UBM helps differentiate sulcus or in-the-bag IOL placement","authors":"Peng ZhiZhao ,&nbsp;Leung Hiu Ying ,&nbsp;Nishant Vijay Radke","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Outcomes of Combined Phacotrabeculectomy Surgery in a Singapore Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Annabel CY Chew ,&nbsp;Hla Myint Htoon ,&nbsp;Shamira A. Perera ,&nbsp;Tin Aung ,&nbsp;Ho Ching Lin ,&nbsp;Rahat Husain ,&nbsp;Boey Pui Yi ,&nbsp;Daniel Hsien Wen Su ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Chua ,&nbsp;Tina T. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To describe the long-term outcomes of phacotrabeculectomy from a tertiary glaucoma service in Singapore.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective case series.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven hundred ninety-six eyes of 698 patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy surgery at the Singapore National Eye Centre between 2005 and 2007 with a minimum follow-up of three years were included. The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP). Secondary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of glaucoma medications, and surgical complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age was 69.5 years, 51 % were male, and 86 % were Chinese. Most eyes had primary glaucoma (90.6 %). The mean follow-up duration was 9.4 years. The overall success rate at three years was 97 % if surgical success was defined as IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg, 92 % if IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg, 66 % if IOP ≤ 15 mm Hg. By Kaplan–Meier survival analysis over 13 years, the cumulative success rate fell from 98.1 % to 89.1 % if IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg, 98.1–76.9 % if IOP ≤ 18 mm Hg, 98–50.3 % if IOP ≤ 15 mm Hg. The postoperative IOP improved significantly at all time points (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and 72 % had at least 20 % IOP reduction. There was a slight improvement in postoperative BCVA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced postoperatively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). There were no significant risk factors for surgical failure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Phacotrabeculectomy was found to be safe, resulting in clinically significant IOP lowering for 13 years with reduced dependency on glaucoma medications and improved BCVA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Retinal Detachment Associated with Ascaris suum Infection","authors":"Tomoyuki Ishibashi,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Emi","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease","authors":"Kenneth Ka Hei Lai ,&nbsp;Terence Wee Xiang Ang ,&nbsp;Wah Cheuk ,&nbsp;Angie Kwok ,&nbsp;Ming Lin ,&nbsp;Yael Lustig ,&nbsp;Dinesh Selva ,&nbsp;Guy Ben Simon ,&nbsp;Yue Xing ,&nbsp;Zhi Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Hua Sheng Yang ,&nbsp;Kelvin Kam Lung Chong ,&nbsp;Hunter Kwok Lai Yuen","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves. Although the exact pathogenic role of IgG4 antibodies remains unclear, B-cell depleting agents have been reported to be an effective treatment. The diverse clinical manifestations of IgG4-ROD complicate diagnosis, and without prompt treatment, visual-threatening complications such as optic neuropathy may arise. Recent advances in understanding and managing IgG4-ROD have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this emerging disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the field of IgG4-ROD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real-world Observation Study","authors":"Xiaojia Song ,&nbsp;Yajie Yu ,&nbsp;Haiying Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Mao ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Xusheng Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhihua Li ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Jinghua Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Peng ,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the clinical and retinal imaging features of Chinese patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) associated with COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retinal imaging, including color fundus photography, near-infrared imaging (NIR), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and Humphrey perimetry, were conducted for each case.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All cases were included within the first three months following the pandemic outbreak. A total of 12 male patients (36.36 %) and 21 female patients (63.64 %) were prospectively recruited, and 29 cases (87.88 %) were bilaterally affected. The median interval between the onset of fever and the appearance of ocular symptoms was two days (range, 0.5–5.0 days). Apart from the outer retinal changes typical of AMN, changes in the inner retinal layers were observed, including intraretinal hemorrhage (8.06 %), cotton wool spots (9.68 %), and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) (8.06 %). Smaller retinal inner nuclear layer hyperreflective speckles (RIHS) (41.94 %) were identified as a distinguishing feature from typical PAMM. Voids of vessel signals were found in the superficial (11.54 %), intermediate (82.69 %), and deep capillary plexus (98.08 %), and in the choriocapillaris (19.23 %) on OCTA. Humphrey perimetry illustrated central, paracentral, and peripheral scotomas. The occult lesions associated with AMN, PAMM, and some of the RIHS illustrated by OCT were visualized topographically and further confirmed by OCTA as perfusion defects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An increase in AMN cases correlated with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Additional features, including widespread inner retinal perfusion deficits, were observed and may serve as potential biomarkers for systemic microcirculation dysregulation in COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perceptions Regarding the Use of Eyeglasses Among Ophthalmologists","authors":"Andrew Oh,&nbsp;Brian Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8594,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"13 5","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}