发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Assessment最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Response Rates, Reliability, and Convergent Validity in Experience Sampling Data. 经验抽样数据的响应率、信度和收敛效度。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241300002
Jeffrey S Simons, Stephen A Maisto, Raluca M Simons, Jessica A Keith, Tibor P Palfai, Kyle J Walters, Surabhi Swaminath, Kawon Kim, Patrick J Ronan
{"title":"Response Rates, Reliability, and Convergent Validity in Experience Sampling Data.","authors":"Jeffrey S Simons, Stephen A Maisto, Raluca M Simons, Jessica A Keith, Tibor P Palfai, Kyle J Walters, Surabhi Swaminath, Kawon Kim, Patrick J Ronan","doi":"10.1177/10731911241300002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241300002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined associations of compliance rate with the reliability and convergent validity of intoxication and negative affect assessments in experience sampling method (ESM) data in three samples (Veterans, Sexual Minority Men, and College Students). Convergent validity was operationalized as within-person associations between daily aggregates of random in situ assessments and retrospective daily assessments or transdermal alcohol assessments. Measures with lower ICC require more assessments for a reliable aggregate (e.g., daily mean). In this regard, the number of completed assessments and intraclass correlation (ICC), rather than compliance with the protocol per se, determines reliability. Although convergent validity was correlated with compliance rate, the relatively weak associations reflect that there are individuals with excellent compliance yet poor convergent validity as well as individuals with poor compliance and excellent convergent validity. The pattern of results does not show a clear threshold for compliance (e.g., 80%) that differentiates good versus poor validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911241300002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Impact of Deleting (or Retaining) a Biased Item: A Procedure Based on Classification Accuracy. 探索删除（或保留）有偏见的项目的影响：一个基于分类准确性的过程。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241298081
Meltem Ozcan, Mark H C Lai
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Deleting (or Retaining) a Biased Item: A Procedure Based on Classification Accuracy.","authors":"Meltem Ozcan, Mark H C Lai","doi":"10.1177/10731911241298081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241298081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological test scores are commonly used in high-stakes settings to classify individuals. While measurement invariance across groups is necessary for valid and meaningful inferences of group differences, full measurement invariance rarely holds in practice. The classification accuracy analysis framework aims to quantify the degree and practical impact of noninvariance. However, how to best navigate the next steps remains unclear, and methods devised to account for noninvariance at the group level may be insufficient when the goal is classification. Furthermore, deleting a biased item may improve fairness but negatively affect performance, and replacing the test can be costly. We propose item-level effect size indices that allow test users to make more informed decisions by quantifying the impact of deleting (or retaining) an item on test performance and fairness, provide an illustrative example, and introduce <i>unbiasr</i>, an R package implementing the proposed methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911241298081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Taxometric Analysis and External Validation of the Latent Structure of Student Risks and Needs. 学生风险与需求潜在结构的分类分析与外部验证。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241299499
David K Marcus, Paul S Strand, Brian F French
{"title":"A Taxometric Analysis and External Validation of the Latent Structure of Student Risks and Needs.","authors":"David K Marcus, Paul S Strand, Brian F French","doi":"10.1177/10731911241299499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241299499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study applied taxometric analyses to the Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students (WARNS)-an instrument designed to assess multiple domains of functioning related to justice system involvement arising from school disengagement-a trajectory referred to as <i>the school to prison pipeline</i>. Previous taxometric studies of constructs related to juvenile justice system involvement found dimensional rather than taxonic (dichotomous) latent structures. Participants were 5008 students from 89 Washington school districts who completed the WARNS as part of standard educational practices. The results were uniformly consistent with a dimensional latent structure. Also supporting a dimensional latent structure, dichotomized WARNS scores were significantly less strongly associated with student arrests, school suspensions, and school skip days than continuous WARNS scores. These findings support the dimensionality of risk and needs and have implications for assessments undertaken to improve school and social outcomes for at-risk youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911241299499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of a Brief Warzone Stressor Exposure Index. 战区应激源暴露简易指数的建立与验证。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241298083
Frederick Anyan, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Odin Hjemdal, Line Rønning, Ann Hergatt Huffman, Laura K Noll, Christer Lunde Gjerstad, Robert E Wickham, Hans Jakob Bøe
{"title":"Development and Validation of a Brief Warzone Stressor Exposure Index.","authors":"Frederick Anyan, Andreas Espetvedt Nordstrand, Odin Hjemdal, Line Rønning, Ann Hergatt Huffman, Laura K Noll, Christer Lunde Gjerstad, Robert E Wickham, Hans Jakob Bøe","doi":"10.1177/10731911241298083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241298083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing scales mainly focus on danger-based threats of death and bodily harm to assess exposure to traumatic events in war zone. However, major provocations and transgression of deeply held values and moral beliefs, as well as witnessing the suffering of others can be as traumatic as fear-inducing danger-based events. This raises the need for scales that assess both danger- and nondanger-based events among soldiers operating in modern war zones. Norwegian military personnel deployed to Afghanistan between late 2001 and end of 2020 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with a final sample size of 6,205 (males: <i>n</i> = 5,693; 91.7%; mean age = 41.93 years). We applied data reduction techniques (e.g., exploratory factor analysis, EFA, and exploratory graph analysis, EGA, through a community detection algorithm) to develop a 12-item, three-factor model (personal threat, traumatic witnessing, and moral injury) of the Warzone Stressor Exposure Index (WarZEI). Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for the factor model, with evidence of concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity. These results indicate the WarZEI is a reliable and valid measure for assessing exposure to warzone stressors that allows for heterogeneity and the multidimensional nature of exposure to warzone stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911241298083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Missing Item Data on the Relative Predictive Accuracy of Correctional Risk Assessment Tools. 缺失项目数据对矫正风险评估工具相对预测准确性的影响。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231225191
Bronwen Perley-Robertson, Kelly M Babchishin, L Maaike Helmus
{"title":"The Effect of Missing Item Data on the Relative Predictive Accuracy of Correctional Risk Assessment Tools.","authors":"Bronwen Perley-Robertson, Kelly M Babchishin, L Maaike Helmus","doi":"10.1177/10731911231225191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911231225191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missing data are pervasive in risk assessment but their impact on predictive accuracy has largely been unexplored. Common techniques for handling missing risk data include summing available items or proration; however, multiple imputation is a more defensible approach that has not been methodically tested against these simpler techniques. We compared the validity of these three missing data techniques across six conditions using STABLE-2007 (<i>N</i> = 4,286) and SARA-V2 (<i>N</i> = 455) assessments from men on community supervision in Canada. Condition 1 was the observed data (low missingness), and Conditions 2 to 6 were generated missing data conditions, whereby 1% to 50% of items per case were randomly deleted in 10% increments. Relative predictive accuracy was unaffected by missing data, and simpler techniques performed just as well as multiple imputation, but summed totals underestimated absolute risk. The current study therefore provides empirical justification for using proration when data are missing within a sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1643-1657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139696868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Bifactor Evaluation of Self-Report and Clinician-Administered Measures of PTSD in Veterans. 退伍军人创伤后应激障碍自我报告和临床医师管理测量的双因素评估。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241229568
Amanda M Raines, Kate E Clauss, Dustin Seidler, Nicholas P Allan, Jon D Elhai, Jennifer J Vasterling, Joseph I Constans, Kelly P Maieritsch, C Laurel Franklin
{"title":"A Bifactor Evaluation of Self-Report and Clinician-Administered Measures of PTSD in Veterans.","authors":"Amanda M Raines, Kate E Clauss, Dustin Seidler, Nicholas P Allan, Jon D Elhai, Jennifer J Vasterling, Joseph I Constans, Kelly P Maieritsch, C Laurel Franklin","doi":"10.1177/10731911241229568","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241229568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PTSD Checklist for <i>DSM-5</i> (PCL-5) and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for <i>DSM-5</i> (CAPS-5) are two of the most widely used and well-validated PTSD measures providing total and subscale scores that correspond with <i>DSM-5</i> PTSD symptoms. However, there is little information about the utility of subscale scores above and beyond the total score for either measure. The current study compared the proposed <i>DSM-5</i> four-factor model to a bifactor model across both measures using a sample of veterans (<i>N</i> = 1,240) presenting to a Veterans Affairs (VA) PTSD specialty clinic. The correlated factors and bifactor models for both measures evidenced marginal-to-acceptable fit and were retained for further evaluation. Bifactor specific indices suggested that both measures exhibited a strong general factor but weak lower-order factors. Structural regressions revealed that most of the lower-order factors provided little utility in predicting relevant outcomes. Although additional research is needed to make definitive statements about the utility of PCL-5 and CAPS-5 subscales, study findings point to numerous weaknesses. As such, caution should be exercised when using or interpreting subscale scores in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1674-1686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Perpetration and Victimization Scales Among Adults. 开发和验证技术辅助的成人性暴力实施和受害量表。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241229575
Jone Martínez-Bacaicoa, Miguel A Sorrel, Manuel Gámez-Guadix
{"title":"Development and Validation of Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Perpetration and Victimization Scales Among Adults.","authors":"Jone Martínez-Bacaicoa, Miguel A Sorrel, Manuel Gámez-Guadix","doi":"10.1177/10731911241229575","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241229575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) includes different forms of digital violence, such as online gender-based violence, online gender- and sexuality-based violence, digital sexual harassment, online sexual coercion, and nonconsensual pornography. The aim of this study was to design and validate a measure to assess the perpetration and victimization of each dimension of TFSV. The relationships between the different dimensions and differences by gender and sexual orientation were also analyzed. The participants were a sample of 2,486 adults (69% women) from Spain, aged between 16 and 79 (<i>M</i> = 25.95; <i>DT</i> = 9.809) years. The Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Scales were found to be valid and reliable instruments, supporting our recommendation for the use of these scales. Network analysis and solution-based exploratory factor analyses showed that the dimensions of online sexual coercion and nonconsensual pornography clustered together. All the perpetration variables were related to sexism. Finally, cis women and nonheterosexual people reported higher victimization scores overall compared to cis men and heterosexuals, respectively, while cis men reported higher perpetration scores overall than cis women.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1580-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliability and Validity of a Multidimensional Measure of Subjective Community Well-Being. 社区主观幸福感多维测量的可靠性和有效性。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241229060
R Noah Padgett, Matthew T Lee, Renae Wilkinson, Heather Tsavaris, Tyler J VanderWeele
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of a Multidimensional Measure of Subjective Community Well-Being.","authors":"R Noah Padgett, Matthew T Lee, Renae Wilkinson, Heather Tsavaris, Tyler J VanderWeele","doi":"10.1177/10731911241229060","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241229060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An individual's flourishing is sustained by and dependent on their community's well-being. We provide one of the first studies of a measure of communal subjective well-being, focusing on individuals' relationships with their community. Using two samples from the Greater Columbus, Ohio region, we provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the Subjective Community Well-being (SCWB) assessment. The five domains of the SCWB are Good Relationships (α = .92), Proficient Leadership (α = .93), Healthy Practices (α = .92), Satisfying Community (α = .88), and Strong Mission (α = .81). A community-based sample (<i>N</i> = 1,435) and an online sample of Columbus residents (<i>N</i> = 692) were scored on the SCWB and compared across domains. We found evidence that the SCWB scores differentiate between active and less active community members. We discuss the appropriate uses of the SCWB as a measure of well-being and provide recommendations for research that could profitably utilize the SCWB measure to examine community well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1658-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Automated Online Measure for Misophonia: The Sussex Misophonia Scale for Adults. 厌食症的自动在线测量：苏塞克斯成人厌食症量表
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241234104
Julia Simner, Louisa J Rinaldi, Jamie Ward
{"title":"An Automated Online Measure for Misophonia: The <i>Sussex Misophonia Scale for Adults</i>.","authors":"Julia Simner, Louisa J Rinaldi, Jamie Ward","doi":"10.1177/10731911241234104","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241234104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Misophonia is a sound sensitivity disorder characterized by a strong aversion to specific sounds (e.g., chewing). Here we present the <i>Sussex Misophonia Scale for Adults</i> (<i>SMS-Adult</i>), within an online open-access portal, with automated scoring and results that can be shared ethically with users and professionals. Receiver operator characteristics show our questionnaire to be \"excellent\" and \"good-to-excellent\" at classifying misophonia, both when dividing our <i>n</i> = 501 adult participants by recruitment stream (self-declared misophonics vs. general population), and again when dividing them with by a prior measure of misophonia (as misophonics vs. non-misophonics). Factor analyses identified a five-factor structure in our 39 Likert-type items, and these were <i>Feelings/Isolation</i>, <i>Life consequences</i>, <i>Intersocial reactivity</i>, <i>Avoidance/Repulsion</i>, and <i>Pain</i>. Our measure also elicits misophonia triggers, each rated for their commonness in misophonia. We offer our open-access online tool for wider use (www.misophonia-hub.org), embedded within a well-stocked library of resources for misophonics, researchers, and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1598-1614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using the Indonesian Computer-Based Game Prototype as a Computer-Based Game Inventory for Executive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Concurrent Validity Study. 将印度尼西亚计算机游戏原型作为儿童和青少年执行功能的计算机游戏量表：确认性因素分析和并发有效性研究》。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241234734
Tjhin Wiguna, Kusuma Minayati, Fransiska Kaligis, Sylvia Dominic Teh, Maria Krishnandita, Nabella Meriem Annisa Fitri, Raden Irawati Ismail, Adilla Hastika Fasha, Steven, Raymond Bahana
{"title":"Using the Indonesian Computer-Based Game Prototype as a Computer-Based Game Inventory for Executive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Concurrent Validity Study.","authors":"Tjhin Wiguna, Kusuma Minayati, Fransiska Kaligis, Sylvia Dominic Teh, Maria Krishnandita, Nabella Meriem Annisa Fitri, Raden Irawati Ismail, Adilla Hastika Fasha, Steven, Raymond Bahana","doi":"10.1177/10731911241234734","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911241234734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive function influences children's learning abilities and organizes their cognitive processes, behaviors, and emotions. This cross-sectional study examined whether an Indonesian Computer-Based Game (ICbG) prototype could be used as a Computer-Based Game Inventory for Executive Function (CGIEF) in children and adolescents. The study was conducted with 200 children, adolescents, and their parents. The parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) questionnaire, and the children and adolescents completed the CGIEF. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed using LISREL Version 8.80. The construct of CGIEF was valid/fit with normal theory-weighted least squares = 15.75 (<i>p</i> > .05). SEM analysis showed that the theoretical construct of the CGIEF was a valid predictor of executive function. The critical <i>t</i> value of the pathway was 2.45, and normal theory-weighted least squares was 5.74 (<i>p</i> > .05). The construct reliability (CR) for CGIEF was 0.91. Concurrent validity was assessed using the Bland-Altman plot, and the coefficient of repeatability (bias/mean) was nearly zero between the <i>t</i> scores of total executive functions of the CGIEF and BRIEF. This preliminary study showed that the CGIEF can be useful as a screening tool for executive dysfunction, metacognitive deficits, and behavioral regulation problems among children and adolescents in clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1721-1734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信