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In the SPUR of the Moment: The Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of State Impulsivity. 一时冲动:状态冲动性多维测量的发展和初步验证。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261475830
Ashmita Mazumder, Suzanne Erb, Marc A Fournier
{"title":"In the SPUR of the Moment: The Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of State Impulsivity.","authors":"Ashmita Mazumder, Suzanne Erb, Marc A Fournier","doi":"10.1177/10731911261475830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261475830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional measure of state impulsivity. Drawing on existing theoretical and empirical work, we proposed a three-factor structure of state impulsivity consisting of SPontaneity, Urgency, and Rash action (SPUR). We validated this tool using ecological momentary assessment data from 274 participants, collected over 6 days. Multilevel factor analyses confirmed a correlated three-factor structure, though no support for a higher-order impulsivity factor at the within- or between-person levels was found. The SPUR scales demonstrated strong reliability, convergent validity with established trait and state measures of impulsivity, as well as criterion validity in predicting alcohol use, drug use, and self-control. Importantly, the scales showed incremental validity in predicting certain outcomes (drug use and self-control) over and above the most commonly used alternative state measure. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the SPUR is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the dimensions of state impulsivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261475830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Report Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale Among Justice-Involved Girls in Belgium. 比利时司法涉事女孩行为障碍(PSCD)量表自述建议说明的心理测量特征。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261471803
Mojtaba Elhami Athar, Emmely Delamillieure, Olivier F Colins
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Self-Report Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale Among Justice-Involved Girls in Belgium.","authors":"Mojtaba Elhami Athar, Emmely Delamillieure, Olivier F Colins","doi":"10.1177/10731911261471803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261471803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) measures the grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive components of psychopathy, along with conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. Although several psychometric studies have been conducted on the PSCD, its psychometric properties have not been examined in justice-involved girls. Accordingly, this study tested the factor structure, reliability, and validity of PSCD in 122 justice-involved girls. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed hierarchical four-factor model. Internal consistency of the PSCD total and subscale scores was satisfactory. Convergent and criterion validity were supported, as PSCD scores were significantly associated with scores of another psychopathy measure (Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory; YPI) and relevant correlates, including <i>DSM-5</i> CD symptoms/diagnosis, proactive aggression, trait impulsivity, and school performance. Discriminant validity was also demonstrated, as the PSCD scores were unrelated to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, profile similarity analyses revealed weak to strong similarity among the nomological networks of the PSCD subscales; though, coefficients remained below redundancy thresholds, supporting meaningful differentiation. Finally, PSCD scores showed small but significant incremental contributions over corresponding YPI scores, with the CD subscale demonstrating the strongest incremental values over the YPI total score. Overall, the PSCD holds promise as a research tool in justice-involved girls, although incremental validity requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261471803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of the Brief Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales. 苏塞克斯-牛津同情心简易量表的开发与验证。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261475801
Ryad Chems-Maarif, Kate Cavanagh, Ruth Baer, Jenny Gu, Daniel Cullen, Robin Banerjee, Clara Strauss
{"title":"Development and Validation of the Brief Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales.","authors":"Ryad Chems-Maarif, Kate Cavanagh, Ruth Baer, Jenny Gu, Daniel Cullen, Robin Banerjee, Clara Strauss","doi":"10.1177/10731911261475801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261475801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compassion for self or others involves recognizing suffering, understanding its universality, feeling for the person suffering, tolerating distress, and being motivated to help. Existing measures, such as the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales for the Self (SOCS-S) and Others (SOCS-O), are comprehensive but lengthy. This study derived 5-item short forms of each scale (Brief SOCS-S and Brief SOCS-O) based on the original SOCS item loadings and theoretical representation of the five compassion components, preserving construct coverage while reducing burden. The scales were examined across students (<i>N</i> = 268), the general population (<i>N</i> = 43,999), and NHS staff (<i>N</i> = 1,569). Both measures showed acceptable internal consistency, moderate-to-good test-retest reliability, adequate one-factor structure, and broad support for measurement invariance across gender and age groups in the general population. Some confirmatory factor analysis models showed slightly elevated root mean square error of approximation values, and the Universality item had weaker loadings and ceiling effects in both scales. However, total-score ceiling effects were absent in the Brief SOCS-S and minimal in the Brief SOCS-O. Overall, the Brief SOCS scales provide concise, theoretically grounded, and psychometrically adequate assessments of compassion when brevity and reduced respondent burden are priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261475801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Varieties of Angry Experience: Interpersonal Construct Validity of the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire and Its Alteration Via Partialing. 愤怒体验的多样性:流离失所攻击问卷的人际建构效度及其偏置改变。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261469028
Timothy W Smith, Giovanni Marquez, Kevin D Jordan
{"title":"Varieties of Angry Experience: Interpersonal Construct Validity of the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire and Its Alteration Via Partialing.","authors":"Timothy W Smith, Giovanni Marquez, Kevin D Jordan","doi":"10.1177/10731911261469028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261469028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Displaced Aggression Questionnaire (DAQ) assesses the trait tendency to aggress against innocent targets, following unrelated provocation. In a primary aim, interpersonal concepts and methods and other measures were used to evaluate the construct validity of DAQ subscales (i.e., angry rumination, revenge planning, behavioral displaced aggression). A second aim evaluated the extent to which partialing altered interpersonal and other correlates of the DAQ subscales. A representative online sample of 999 U.S. adults completed the DAQ, interpersonal circumplex measures of trait social behavior and problems, agentic and communal values, negative interpersonal experiences, social support, loneliness, and subjective social status, as well as measures of self-regulatory processes. In Structural Summary Method analyses, DAQ subscales had expected associations with hostile interpersonal style and more severe interpersonal problems. Additional correlations with interpersonal processes and self-regulation generally supported predictions. However, partialing DAQ subscales from each other severely undermined this otherwise supportive evidence of construct validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261469028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validation of the Scale of Ethnic Experience-Short Form Scores Among Asian Americans: Evidence of Measurement Invariance, Validity, and Reliability. 亚裔美国人种族经验-短表分数量表的验证:测量不变性、效度和信度的证据。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261472729
Jiayi Wang, Duli Shi
{"title":"Validation of the Scale of Ethnic Experience-Short Form Scores Among Asian Americans: Evidence of Measurement Invariance, Validity, and Reliability.","authors":"Jiayi Wang, Duli Shi","doi":"10.1177/10731911261472729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261472729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Valid and reliable tools are needed to understand the ethnic experience of Asian Americans. This study examined the internal structural validity, convergent/divergent validity, criterion validity, as well as reliability of the Scale of Ethnic Experience-Short Form (SEE-SF) scores among Asian American adults. Participants were 346 Asian American adults (55% male, 43% female; mean age = 36) recruited via Prolific, representing multiple Asian ethnicities and immigration status. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup invariance testing, and structural equation modeling. The CFA model demonstrated the structure of SEE-SF, and measurement invariances was established across gender groups. Demographic features (e.g., income, education, immigration status) were associated with ethnic experiences. Findings also showed convergent, divergent, and criterion validity with existing measures. The SEE-SF yields valid and reliable scores for assessing ethnic experience among Asian Americans, providing a valuable tool to capture their lived experience and identity development. Clinical implications were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261472729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation-60 (MID-60) Items in a Clinical Population. 多维解离-60(中-60)量表在临床人群中的验证。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261462453
Mary-Anne Kate, Hannah Swinfield, David L Hegarty, Benjamin Buchanan, Martin J Dorahy
{"title":"Validation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation-60 (MID-60) Items in a Clinical Population.","authors":"Mary-Anne Kate, Hannah Swinfield, David L Hegarty, Benjamin Buchanan, Martin J Dorahy","doi":"10.1177/10731911261462453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261462453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation-60 (MID-60) was validated in adults in clinical care using data from 13,177 de-identified assessments on an Australian online psychometric platform. Analyses used subsamples defined by available measures for factor, reliability, and validity testing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the intended 11-factor structure, with good conventional fit and acceptable robust fit after correction for non-normality. Internal consistency (α = .98) and short-interval test-retest reliability were high. The MID-60 converged strongly with the Dissociative Experiences Scale II (DES-II; <i>r</i> = .80) yet was able to identify milder clinical presentations that the DES-II cut-off often misses. Convergence with the International Trauma Questionnaire (<i>r</i> = .64) and graded associations with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (<i>r</i> = .50) supported links to trauma symptoms and disability. MID-60 scores decreased over repeated administrations of 2 to 12 months. Findings confirm the MID-60 as a reliable, valid, and clinically sensitive measure for screening, formulation, and progress monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261462453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interrater Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment - Version 3 (SARA-V3). 配偶攻击风险评估的互估者信度和预测效度-版本3 (SARA-V3)。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261469030
Claire Bryce, Maddison Riachi, Benjamin Spivak, Troy E McEwan
{"title":"Interrater Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment - Version 3 (SARA-V3).","authors":"Claire Bryce, Maddison Riachi, Benjamin Spivak, Troy E McEwan","doi":"10.1177/10731911261469030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261469030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the interrater reliability and predictive validity of Conclusory Opinions made using the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3 (SARA-V3). Using a pseudo-prospective design, researchers coded SARA-V3 assessments from the files of 125 Australian males with prior intimate partner violence (IPV) and evaluated validity using IPV charges over 4 years. While total scores demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (ICC = .94), Conclusory Opinions showed variable reliability (ICC = .54-.92). Conclusory Opinions had limited ability to discriminate between those with and without further police-recorded IPV (AUC = .51-.61). Sensitivity was consistently low (16.67%-33.33%), indicating most of those with further IPV were not identified as high Case Priority. Victim Vulnerability factors could not be rated due to limited file information, representing a significant limitation. These findings suggest Conclusory Opinions informed by Nature of IPV and Perpetrator risk factors may have limited predictive utility, raising questions about practical advantages over its predecessor.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261469030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
External Associations of the Interpersonal Problem Circumplex: Exploring Gender and Population Differences in Chinese Undergraduates and Offenders. 人际问题困扰的外部关联:中国大学生和罪犯的性别和人口差异。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261466789
Yuping Liu, Aaron L Pincus, Bingtao Zhou, Yizhen Ren, Bo Yang
{"title":"External Associations of the Interpersonal Problem Circumplex: Exploring Gender and Population Differences in Chinese Undergraduates and Offenders.","authors":"Yuping Liu, Aaron L Pincus, Bingtao Zhou, Yizhen Ren, Bo Yang","doi":"10.1177/10731911261466789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261466789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal processes are central to personality and psychopathology, yet little is known about how profiles of associations between interpersonal problems and external variables vary by gender and population. This registered report examined these association profiles across gender and population in Chinese undergraduate (<i>N</i> = 1,582) and offender samples (<i>N</i> = 1,869) using the Circumplex Structural Summary Method. Results largely replicated prior findings, supporting established nomological networks in diverse Chinese samples. Gender differences were minimal among students but more evident among offenders. Female offenders showed weaker links between maladaptive traits and interpersonal problems, more differentiated patterns for extraversion and detachment, and an intrusive (rather than vindictive) pattern of aggression. Population differences varied by gender: male offenders showed higher elevations than students, whereas female offenders showed lower levels on some maladaptive traits. Exploratory analyses suggested that these patterns were robust across offense type, age, and educational level. These findings highlight the importance of considering gender and population context in understanding interpersonal dysfunction, while also indicating that the nomological network of interpersonal problems is largely robust across demographic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261466789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Perspective on Clinical Scale Validation: Leveraging Sentence Embeddings for Pre-Validation Semantic Analysis. 临床量表验证的新视角:利用句子嵌入进行预验证语义分析。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261467602
Shicong Feng, Zhehan Jiang, Xiaohan Wang, Wenchao Ma, Jinying Ouyang
{"title":"A New Perspective on Clinical Scale Validation: Leveraging Sentence Embeddings for Pre-Validation Semantic Analysis.","authors":"Shicong Feng, Zhehan Jiang, Xiaohan Wang, Wenchao Ma, Jinying Ouyang","doi":"10.1177/10731911261467602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261467602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional clinical scale development is a lengthy and resource-intensive process, particularly during the empirical validation phase. This paper proposes a paradigm shift by introducing a computational pre-validation framework that leverages sentence embedding models to assess semantic properties of scale items prior to data collection. By transforming items into high-dimensional vector representations and analyzing their relationships within an MTMM-like structure, our method identifies potential item ambiguity, evaluates construct coherence, and tests discriminant validity at an early stage. We demonstrate its utility using widely used clinical instruments-including the SNAP-IV, CBCL Aggressive Behavior scale, and <i>DSM-5-TR</i> Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) criteria-revealing semantic patterns that align with established psychometric properties. While not intended to replace traditional validation, this approach offers a novel, cost-effective complement that can inform early revisions and reduce pilot testing cycles. We develop an open-source R package \"embedScaleValid\" to facilitate practical implementation. This work introduces a new perspective in clinical assessment science, integrating advances in NLP to enhance the efficiency and validity of psychological measurement tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261467602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can We Differentiate Between Self-Reported Skills and Traits? A Possible Refinement of the BESSI and Its Validity in Italian High School Students. 我们能区分自我报告的技能和特质吗?BESSI的可能改进及其在意大利高中生中的有效性。
IF 3 2区 心理学
Assessment Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/10731911261469521
Gerardo Pellegrino, Chiara Meneghetti, Barbara Carretti, Tommaso Feraco
{"title":"Can We Differentiate Between Self-Reported Skills and Traits? A Possible Refinement of the BESSI and Its Validity in Italian High School Students.","authors":"Gerardo Pellegrino, Chiara Meneghetti, Barbara Carretti, Tommaso Feraco","doi":"10.1177/10731911261469521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261469521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has emphasized the conceptual distinction between personality traits and social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills. However, their self-report measures show substantial empirical overlap. This study introduces and evaluates the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory-Dual Rating (BESSI-Dual Rating), a modified version of the original BESSI designed to reduce this overlap. A sample of 598 Italian high school students completed the BESSI-Dual Rating, a Big Five personality inventory, and measures of academic and socio-emotional outcomes. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the structural validity of the BESSI-Dual Rating. Compared to previous BESSI validation studies, BESSI-Dual Rating scores showed improved discriminant and incremental validity relative to the corresponding traits. Furthermore, students perceived skill- and tendency-based items as meaningfully distinct-contrary to findings from prior research using alternative instruments. Parent-reported SEB skills provided additional support for the validity of the skill measures. These findings suggest that minor but targeted refinements in questionnaire design can enhance the empirical differentiation between skills and traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261469521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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