Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine最新文献

{"title":"Melioidosis in kidney transplant recipients: A report of two cases.","authors":"Chilaka Rajesh, Jessica Vaddeswarapu, Utkarash Mishra, Jeethu Joseph Eapen, Athul Thomas, Elenjickal Elias John, Anna T Valson, Suceena Alexander, Vinoi George David, Joy Sarojini Michael, Santosh Varughese","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_355_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_355_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Melioidosis is a serious opportunistic infection caused by <i>Burkholderia</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>pseudomallei</i>, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, particularly in endemic regions. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent fatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Patient concerns: </strong>Case 1 was a 34-year-old male kidney transplant recipient who presented with a 15-day history of intermittent fever, accompanied by liver and spleen abscesses. Case 2 was a 37-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who presented with acute febrile illness and developed leucopenia. Blood cultures for both patients grew <i>B. pseudomallei</i>.</p><p><strong>Diagnosis: </strong>Both patients were diagnosed with melioidosis caused by <i>B. pseudomallei</i>, with the diagnosis confirmed through pus culture from the liver abscess in Case 1 and blood culture in Case 2.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Both patients were treated with an intensive regimen of meropenem (renal-adjusted doses), followed by a 3-month course of oral cotrimoxazole for eradication therapy.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Case 1 experienced resolution of liver and spleen abscesses after 3 months of treatment and continued to recover well. In Case 2, blood cultures became sterile after 4 weeks, with no further complications observed.</p><p><strong>Lessons: </strong>Melioidosis should be suspected in immunocompromised patients, especially kidney transplant recipients, who present with unexplained fever and sepsis-like symptoms. Early diagnosis through aspiration of abscesses and prompt treatment are critical for preventing relapses and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"18 4","pages":"181-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7619247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of human mpox: Strategies to mitigate an ignored public health risk","authors":"Subrat Kumar, Ritesh Pattnaik, Sugato Tripathy, Basavaraj Mathapati","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_528_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_528_24","url":null,"abstract":"The International Health Regulations (IHR) of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox (mpox) cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization (WHO) between 8 May and 2 July 2024. All the cases were men aged between 17 and 43 years and 11 were men who have sex with men. Out of these cases, 15 cases were living with un-managed or recently diagnosed HIV infection. All these cases were symptomatic with extensive skin lesions and required hospitalization. This sudden incidence of mpox cases without any prior history of international travel, high prevalence of HIV and high case fatality ratio, suggests that the community transmission is still prevalent. Rise of mpox cases in vulnerable groups in South Africa has the potential for increased health impact in people living in neighboring countries and has the risk of cross border and international spread. Due to this reason, national health authorities in South Africa have initiated various response measures with the support from the WHO to control this infection[1]. Mpox is an infectious viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which belongs to the Poxviridae family and genus Orthopoxvirus. Poxviruses are brick shaped, containing a linear double stranded DNA genome which is surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope[2]. Based on genetic sequence, MPXV is divided into two distinct clades: clade I and clade II. Clade II is further sub-divided into subclades II a and II b[3]. Mpox can be transmitted from humans to humans through close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets or contaminated materials and animals to humans through contact with infected animal or consumption of contaminated bushmeat[4]. Transmission cycle of MPXV is illustrated in Figure 1. After viral entry, MPXV has a incubation period of about 7 to 14 days and clinical symptoms usually begin within one week of exposure. Initial symptoms include fever, muscle aches, fatigue and swollen lymph nodes, i.e. lymphadenopathy which is a typical feature of mpox. Due to their weakened immune systems, children, pregnant women and people with HIV are at high risk of developing complications and death from mpox[4].Figure 1: Transmission cycle of monkeypox virus.Treatment of mpox is primarily based on managing clinical symptoms, reducing pain, and by preventing and/or managing associated complications. Severe cases or patients with high risk of complications due to mpox can be treated by specific antivirals like tecovirimat. But in order to initiate treatment, it is important to distinguish MPXV infection from other infections like chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, scabies, herpes, syphilis, other sexually transmissible infections, and medication-associated allergies[5]. Due to these reasons, mpox should be confirmed by virus isolation in cell culture or by detecting the presence of viral DNA in patient specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Effective strategy to contr","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"18 2","pages":"49-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting HPV infection pattern among urban Indonesian women in general population and its implication on health burden: A cross-sectional analysis from Indonesian Noncommunicable Disease Research 2016","authors":"Frans Dany, K. Adam, Sarwo Handayani, Holy Arif Wibowo, Rita Marleta Dewi, N. Kipuw, Khariri, Widoretno","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.391778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.391778","url":null,"abstract":"To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications. Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework. Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS), which represented the national level. Up to 35 408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces, categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, BAPPENAS). From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive, hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV. This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination. Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using ‘qgraph’ package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3. Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model (brglm2) package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence, cementing its role in single HPV infection. HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types. HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases. Concurrently, HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types, which may add further complications. However, due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants, further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alarming surge of HIV/AIDS in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan demands urgent attention","authors":"Abdullah, Riaz Muhammad, Aiman Waheed, Sher Ali, Muddasir Khan","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.391783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.391783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"129 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an evaluation model to support evidence-based decision-making on provincial vaccination program of Zhejiang province","authors":"Fuxing Chen, Linlin Ding, H. Liang, Ying Wang, Yu Hu","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.390168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.390168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"74 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol as an epigenetic therapy for flavivirus infection: A narrative review","authors":"Kim-Ling Chin, Kim-Kee Tan, S. Bakar, N. Zainal","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.391776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.391776","url":null,"abstract":"Flaviviruses are a group of positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause a broad spectrum of severe illnesses in humans worldwide. Clinical manifestations of flavivirus infections range from mild febrile illness to hemorrhage, shock, and neurological manifestations. Flavivirus infections cause a substantial global health impact, with an estimated more than 400 million cases of infections annually. Hence, an understanding of flavivirus-host interaction is urgently needed for new antiviral therapeutic strategies. In recent years, many aspects concerning epigenetic therapy for viral infections have been addressed, including methylation of the genome, acetylation/deacetylation of histone complex and microRNA regulation. In this context, we surveyed and reviewed the literature and summarized the epigenetic effects of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with potential anti-viral properties, on flavivirus infections.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of parasitemia by qPCR in patients with chronic Chagas disease treated with benznidazole","authors":"T. B. S. Pavan, E. A. Almeida, Rodrigo Gonçalves de Lima, J. Wanderley, L. Martins, Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa, G. Marcon","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.391781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.391781","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate parasitemia by qPCR in patients undergoing etiological treatment and followed in a Brazilian reference center. Parasite load was quantified by qPCR in 32 participants with chronic Chagas disease who were treated with benznidazole. Serological analyses were performed before and after the treatment and parasite loads were compared prior and 12/18 months post the treatment. Thirty-two participants were recruited and treated with benznidazole, and 20 were followed-up. Adverse events (AE) were observed in 22 out of 29 participants that had safety data (76%), and dermatological alterations were the most frequently observed AE. Of the 20 participants analyzed, 13 and 7 completed 12 and 18 months follow-up after the treatment, respectively. 12 Months after the final treatment, Trypanosoma cruzi was detectable in 3 patients by qPCR; 18 months after the final treatment, Trypanosoma cruzi was detectable per qPCR in 4 of the 7 participants. Thus, between 12 and 18 months, 7 participants of the 20 initial follow-up cases showed positive qPCR, indicating treatment failures. qPCR can be used as an alternative method for evaluating the effectiveness of the etiological treatment of CD, and can be applied to analyze early therapeutic failures. The study showed that benznidazole therapy had limited effectiveness in treating chronic CD patients, thus emphasizing the importance of conducting continued research for developing more effective therapies and diagnosis for CD.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"30 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine development for leptospirosis: A systematic review","authors":"Yocyny Surendran, Mahalingam Nandikha, Syafinaz Amin-Nordin, Sandeep Kumar Dhanda, Mohamad Ridhuan Mohd Ali, Narcisse M S Joseph","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.391775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.391775","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the efficacy of various types of vaccines developed for leptospirosis. A comprehensive search was conducted in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Two authors (YS and MN) selected the articles based on manual screening. The study eligibility criteria are all Leptospira species regardless of any cluster (pathogenic, intermediate and non-pathogenic). This study recorded articles with positive and negative results and showed a comparison among various membrane proteins as vaccine candidates. The studies on the effectiveness of outer membrane protein as vaccine candidates were also included. The articles obtained in the databases were imported into the WPS spreadsheet, and duplicate documents were removed manually. A total of 24 studies were included in the review, which evaluated various types of leptospirosis vaccines. Multiple vaccines were developed and tested; however, the heterogeneity of Leptospira species pose a challenge. As an effective approach, an epitope based vaccine shows quite a promising result. However, sufficient validation, testing and clinical trials are required. Developing an effective vaccine for leptospirosis remains a global health priority. While significant progress has been made in recent years, there is a need for further research to optimize vaccine development and to ensure that vaccines are accessible and effective for high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"146 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycolysis and acute lung injury: A review","authors":"Yang Yi, Jun Chen, Nan Li, Yue Huang, Jichao Peng, Xiaoran Liu","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388388","url":null,"abstract":"Acute lung injury is featured as diffuse pulmonary edema and persistent hypoxemia caused by lung or systemic injury. It is believed that these pathological changes are associated with damage to the alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and inflammatory factor storms. In recent years, the metabolic reprogramming of lung parenchymal cells and immune cells, particularly alterations in glycolysis, has been found to occur in acute lung injury. Inhibition of glycolysis can reduce the severity of acute lung injury. Thus, this review focuses on the interconnection between acute lung injury and glycolysis and the mechanisms of interaction, which may bring hope for the treatment of acute lung injury.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among children under fifteen years of age: A population-based study in Indonesia","authors":"Made Agus Nurjana, A. Laksono, I Kadek Wartana, Vidyanto, Gunawan, A. Nursafingi, Samarang, H. Anastasia, Kristina Tobing, Anis Nurwidayati, Octaviani","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388387","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age. Methods: Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS 2018), this cross-sectional study employed M. tuberculosis infection in children as a dependent variable and age level, sex, region, location, family case positive, and smoking as independent variables. Geospatial analysis was applied to show the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection and multivariate regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of getting the infection among children under 15 years of age. Results: Prevalence ranges of M. tuberculosis infection among children aged 0-14 years, babies (age <12 months), toddlers (age 12-59 months), and children aged between 5 and 14 years were 0.03% to 0.57%, 0% to 0.64%, 0% to 0.78%, and 0.01% to 0.53%, respectively in Indonesia. A high prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection among children under 15 years of age was found in Papua and other provinces, such as Kalimantan and Java. Contacting with tuberculosis family members was positively associated with M. tuberculosis infection in children as shown by multivariate logistic regression (OR 8.94; 95% CI 5.4-14.6, P<0.05). Conclusions: Contacting with family member who has tuberculosis is related with M. tuberculosis infection among children in Indonesia. Therefore, screening the household for contact with tuberculosis patients is a preventive treatment for children.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"92 1","pages":"506 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}