Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences最新文献_第8页

Major Decisive Factors of Tropical Cyclone Risk in the Republic of Korea: Intensity, Track, and Extratropical Transition 韩国热带气旋风险的主要决定因素:强度、路径和温带过渡

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-023-00318-4

Chaehyeon Chelsea Nam, Doo-Sun R. Park, Chang-Hoi Ho

{"title":"Major Decisive Factors of Tropical Cyclone Risk in the Republic of Korea: Intensity, Track, and Extratropical Transition","authors":"Chaehyeon Chelsea Nam, Doo-Sun R. Park, Chang-Hoi Ho","doi":"10.1007/s13143-023-00318-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-023-00318-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the catastrophic damage caused by the extratropical transitioned North Atlantic hurricane Sandy (2012), the decaying stage of a tropical cyclone (TC) have received more attention. TC undergoing extratropical transition (ET) in mid-latitudes may become hazardous with torrential rain and violent wind over a vast area. In this study, a decision tree analysis was applied to evaluate the relative importance of TC parameters such as intensity category, entry location, and distance from coastlines, in determining damage occurrence. All 123 landfalling TCs in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) during 1979–2015 were analyzed. The results reveal that intense TCs (severe tropical storms and typhoons) incur damages regardless of entry location and distance from coastlines. TCs with tropical storm intensity are expected to incur damages only when they approach the southwest of the Korean Peninsula. Weak TC with maximum wind speeds smaller than 17 m s<sup>−1</sup> does not have the potential to incur damages unless the TC was undergoing extratropical transition (ET) during landfall in Korea. ET storms that make a landfall approaching 1.22° (~130 km) to the coastline cause substantial damages especially in the west coast and capital area of Korea. The present results suggest that accurate forecasting that also considers ET, and not only intensity and track, is essential for successful disaster risk mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"359 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42370944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme Weather and Climate Events: Dynamics, Predictability and Ensemble Simulations 极端天气和气候事件:动力学、可预测性和集合模拟

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-023-00317-5

Christian L. E. Franzke, June-Yi Lee, Terence O’Kane, William Merryfield, Xuebin Zhang

引用次数: 1

Preliminary Results of Cloud Seeding Experiments for Air Pollution Reduction in 2020 2020年减少空气污染云播试验初步结果

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-023-00315-7

Jung Mo Ku, Ki-Ho Chang, Sanghee Chae, A.-Reum Ko, Yonghun Ro, Woonseon Jung, Chulkyu Lee

{"title":"Preliminary Results of Cloud Seeding Experiments for Air Pollution Reduction in 2020","authors":"Jung Mo Ku, Ki-Ho Chang, Sanghee Chae, A.-Reum Ko, Yonghun Ro, Woonseon Jung, Chulkyu Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13143-023-00315-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-023-00315-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In previous studies, cloud seeding has been primarily used to increase precipitation; however, its use for the purpose of reducing particulate matter concentration has not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we investigated the effect of cloud seeding on the reduction of fine dust concentration by conducting two airborne experiments in west Korea along the Yellow Sea coast on November 1, 2020. Numerical simulations showed that the seeding material diffused in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheongnam-do as observed from the prevailing wind direction. We also observed enhanced radar reflectivity in these areas, and analysis of aircraft observation data revealed that the average concentration of cloud, drizzle, and precipitation particles increased after seeding as compared with the observations before and during seeding. Further, the precipitation particles had large diameters after seeding; particularly, PM<sub>10</sub> (particulate matter with size ≤ 10 µm) concentration tended to decrease owing to precipitation in the areas affected by cloud seeding; however, it remained unchanged in the unaffected areas. Although it is necessary to conduct further experiments to obtain more comprehensive results, the findings of this study highlight the possibility of reducing fine dust concentration in the atmosphere via cloud seeding.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"347 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13143-023-00315-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of a CMIP6 Multi-GCM Ensemble for Atmospheric Rivers and Precipitation Over East Asia CMIP6多GCM集合对东亚大气河流和降水的评估

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-022-00311-3

Tae-Jun Kim, Jinwon Kim, Chanil Park, Seok-Woo Son, Jin-Uk Kim, Sang-Hoon Kwon, Hyejin Moon, Young-Hwa Byun

{"title":"Evaluation of a CMIP6 Multi-GCM Ensemble for Atmospheric Rivers and Precipitation Over East Asia","authors":"Tae-Jun Kim, Jinwon Kim, Chanil Park, Seok-Woo Son, Jin-Uk Kim, Sang-Hoon Kwon, Hyejin Moon, Young-Hwa Byun","doi":"10.1007/s13143-022-00311-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-022-00311-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are closely related to water resources and hydrological extremes in East Asia (EA) that has been historically susceptible to extreme hydrological events. Thus, projecting the climate change impact on ARs in EA has become an important research topic. This study evaluates a CMIP6 multi-model ensemble (MME) for the climatology of ARs, AR-related variables and precipitation over EA in the present-day climate by comparing the MME against those from the ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5). The MME represents well the seasonal-regional variations of AR frequency as well as the integrated water–vapor transport, precipitable water and precipitation. The most notable biases are the underestimation of these variables over the western North Pacific where ARs are most active. The MME biases vary regionally with the largest (smallest) biases in southern China (Korea-western Japan); the biases in the highly populated and industrialized mid-latitude EA coastal regions, the main region of interest in the climate change study to follow, are below 10% of the ERA5-derived values. The MME represents the seasonal-meridional evolution of ARs and precipitation related to the EA summer monsoon rainfall over the longitudes of the Korean peninsula (124.5E-130.5E), at least qualitatively, despite underestimation of these for June–August over the latitudes of 30 N-40 N, i.e., much of the early summer monsoon season in Korea. Overall, these results suggest that the CMIP6 MME possesses skill acceptable for projecting the climate change impacts on ARs and precipitation over the population and industrial centers in EA.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"327 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Correction to: Recent Air Quality Deterioration on Weekends in Seoul, South Korea: a Focus on External Contribution 更正：最近韩国首尔周末空气质量恶化：关注外部影响

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-023-00316-6

Woosuk Choi, Chang-Hoi Ho, Jin-Woo Heo, Ka-Young Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Jinwon Kim

引用次数: 0

Study on Measurement Technology and Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Salt Fog Concentration at the Seaside – A Case Study of Sanya, China 滨海大气盐雾浓度测量技术及影响因素研究——以三亚为例

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-022-00309-x

Zhimiao Zheng, Jingchao Xie, Pan Liang, Jiaping Liu

{"title":"Study on Measurement Technology and Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Salt Fog Concentration at the Seaside – A Case Study of Sanya, China","authors":"Zhimiao Zheng, Jingchao Xie, Pan Liang, Jiaping Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13143-022-00309-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-022-00309-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>\u0000Abstract\u0000</h2><div><p>Corrosion of reinforced concrete in the high-salt atmospheric environment of coastal areas widely exists in practical coastal projects, which will reduce the durability of coastal buildings and metal equipment. In this study, the factors influencing coastal atmospheric salt fog concentration were studied by combining theoretical analysis and coastal measurements. First, a set of atmospheric sampling and processing methods for atmospheric salt fog particles was summarized and sorted. Through actual measurements in Sanya, the atmospheric sampling and processing method were verified, and more accurate coastal atmospheric salt fog concentration data were obtained. The average atmospheric salt fog concentration at the coast was 190 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, the maximum value was 343.18 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the minimum value was 48.49 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Then, the influence of meteorological factors, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on salt fog concentration was explored based on the measured data, and the functional relationship between various factors and salt fog concentration was fitted. Finally, a model of salt fog particles migrating inland driven by wind in the coastal atmosphere was deduced theoretically and verified by the measured data of atmospheric salt fog concentration at different sea distances. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the anti-corrosion properties of coastal buildings and metal equipment.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"311 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exceptionally persistent Eurasian cold events and their stratospheric link 异常持续的欧亚大陆冷事件及其平流层联系

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-022-00308-y

Kathrin Finke, Abdel Hannachi, Toshihiko Hirooka

{"title":"Exceptionally persistent Eurasian cold events and their stratospheric link","authors":"Kathrin Finke, Abdel Hannachi, Toshihiko Hirooka","doi":"10.1007/s13143-022-00308-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-022-00308-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Persistent boreal winter cold spells (PCEs) can heavily strain the economy and significantly impact everyday life. While sudden stratospheric warmings are considered a precursor for Eurasian (EUR) cold events, these temperature extremes may occur during the full range of stratospheric variability. We investigate PCEs relative to the prevailing stratospheric polar vortex regime before their onset, with a particular focus on extremely weak (SSW) and strong (SPV) stratospheric winds by performing (lagged) composite analysis based on ERA5 reanalysis. On average, SPV PCEs that are concentrated over central EUR, are colder, shorter and set in more abruptly compared to SSW PCEs. A quasi-stationary, mid-tropospheric anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean that blocks warm air advection toward EUR is connected to the canonical downward progression of the negative North Atlantic Oscillation for SSW PCEs. In contrast, during SPV PCEs, the anticyclone is part of a Rossby wave having an origin co-located with negative wave activity flux anomalies over and being influenced by stratospheric wave reflection toward the North Atlantic. Its slow east-ward propagation is likely related to Arctic surface warming and unusually weak zonal winds over EUR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"95 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13143-022-00308-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Development of PM2.5 Forecasting System in South Korea Using Chemical Transport Modeling and Machine Learning 利用化学输运模型和机器学习开发韩国PM2.5预报系统

IF 2.2 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-023-00314-8

Youn-Seo Koo, Hee-Yong Kwon, Hyosik Bae, Hui-Young Yun, Dae-Ryun Choi, SukHyun Yu, Kyung-Hui Wang, Ji-Seok Koo, Jae-Bum Lee, Min-Hyeok Choi, Jeong-Beom Lee

{"title":"A Development of PM2.5 Forecasting System in South Korea Using Chemical Transport Modeling and Machine Learning","authors":"Youn-Seo Koo, Hee-Yong Kwon, Hyosik Bae, Hui-Young Yun, Dae-Ryun Choi, SukHyun Yu, Kyung-Hui Wang, Ji-Seok Koo, Jae-Bum Lee, Min-Hyeok Choi, Jeong-Beom Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13143-023-00314-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-023-00314-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambient exposure to PM2.5 can adversely affect public health, and forecasting PM2.5 is essential for implementing protection measures in advance. Current PM2.5 forecasting systems are primarily based on the chemical transport model of Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling systems and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. However, the forecasting accuracies of these models are substantially constrained by uncertainties in the input data of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological fields, as well as inherent limitations in the models. The PM2.5 forecasting system developed in this study aimed at overcoming the limitations of CMAQ predictions by utilizing advanced machine learning algorithms. The proposed system was developed using forecast data from CMAQ and WRF, as well as observed PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological variables at monitoring stations in China and South Korea. It was then applied to national PM2.5 forecasting in South Korea. This study focused on developing secondary input data and machine learning models that can reflect the long-range transport in Northeast Asia. The proposed system can forecast 6-h average PM2.5 concentrations up to two days in advance at 19 forecast regions in South Korea. To evaluate the performance of the proposed models, a real-time machine learning-based forecasting system was applied to 19 forecasting regions from January 2020 to April 2021. Herein, the four machine learning algorithms applied, including deep neural network, recurrent neural network, convolutional neural network, and Ensemble, could reduce the over-prediction of the CMAQ forecast by decreasing the normal mean bias and improving the index of agreement. The reduced false alarm rates and high prediction accuracy confirm the feasibility of these models for practical applications.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 5","pages":"577 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement of Korea Meteorological Administration Solar Energy Resources Map Using Fine-Scale Terrain Data 利用精细地形数据改进韩国气象局太阳能资源图

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-022-00312-2

Jinah Yun, Jinwon Kim, Minwoo Choi, Hee-Wook Choi, Yeon-Hee Kim, Sang-Sam Lee

{"title":"Improvement of Korea Meteorological Administration Solar Energy Resources Map Using Fine-Scale Terrain Data","authors":"Jinah Yun, Jinwon Kim, Minwoo Choi, Hee-Wook Choi, Yeon-Hee Kim, Sang-Sam Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13143-022-00312-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-022-00312-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-time solar energy resources mapping is crucial for the development and management of solar power facilities. This study analyzes the effects of the digital elevation model (DEM) resolution on the accuracy of the surface insolation (insolation hereafter) calculated by the Korea Meteorological Administration solar energy mapping system, KMAP-Solar, using two DEMs of different resolutions, 1.5 km and 100 m. It is found that KMAP-Solar yields smaller land-mean insolation with the fine-scale DEM than the coarse-scale DEM. The fine-scale DEM reduces biases by as much as 32 Wm<sup>− 2</sup> for all observation sites, especially those in complex terrain and that the insolation error reduction is correlated with the difference in sky view factor (SVF) between the coarse- and fine-scale DEM. Both the coarse- and fine-scale DEMs generate the insolation-elevation and insolation-SVF relationship which is characterized by positive (negative) correlation between the insolation and the terrain altitude (SVF). However, the coarse-scale DEM substantially underestimates these relationships compared to the fine-scale DEM, mainly because the coarse-scale DEM underrepresents large terrain slopes and/or small SVFs, most seriously in high-altitude regions. The fine-scale DEM generates a more realistic insolation distribution than the coarse-scale DEM by incorporating a wider range of key terrain parameters involved in determining insolation. Improvements of insolation calculations in KMAP-Solar using a fine-scale DEM, especially in the areas of complex terrain, is of a practical value for Korea because the operational solar resources map from KMAP-Solar supports solar energy research, solar power plant installations, and real-time prediction and management of solar power within the power grid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"297 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13143-022-00312-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48834080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Tropical Cyclone Track Simulation over the Western North Pacific using the WRF Model and a Machine Learning Method 使用WRF模式和机器学习方法改进的北太平洋西部热带气旋路径模拟

IF 2.3 4区地球科学

Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13143-022-00313-1

Kyoungmin Kim, Donghyuck Yoon, Dong-Hyun Cha, Jungho Im

{"title":"Improved Tropical Cyclone Track Simulation over the Western North Pacific using the WRF Model and a Machine Learning Method","authors":"Kyoungmin Kim, Donghyuck Yoon, Dong-Hyun Cha, Jungho Im","doi":"10.1007/s13143-022-00313-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-022-00313-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) track simulations are required to mitigate property damage and casualties. Previous studies have generally simulated TC tracks using numerical models, which tend to experience systematic errors due to model imperfections, although the model accuracy has improved over time. Recently, machine-learning methods have been applied to correct such errors. In this study, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) to correct TC tracks hindcasted by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from 2006 to 2018 over the western North Pacific. TC categories that are stronger than tropical depressions (i.e., tropical storms, severe tropical storms, and typhoons) were selected from June to November, and a bias correction was made to target TC positions at 72 h. The WRF-simulated tracks were used as input variables for training and testing the ANN using the best track and reanalysis data. To obtain a reliable corrected result, the number of neurons in the ANN structure was optimized for TCs during 2006–2015, and the optimized ANN was verified for TCs from 2016–2018. Because the performance of the numerical model differed according to the TC track, the ANN was assessed by cluster analysis. The results of the ANN were analyzed using k-means clustering to classify TCs into eight clusters. Overall, ANN with post-processing improved the WRF performance by 4.34%. The WRF error was corrected by 8.81% for clusters where the ANN was most applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"59 3","pages":"283 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13143-022-00313-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0